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Risks exist in all aspects of our lives. Using data in both Scopus and ISI Web of Science, this review paper identifies pioneer work and pioneer scholars in enterprise risk management (ERM). Being ranked the first based on the review data, Desheng Wu has been active in this area by serving as a good academic network manager on the global research network, His global efforts with diverse networking have enabled him to publish outstanding papers in the field of ERM. Therefore, this paper also conducts a literature review of his papers and critical analysis of the work of Wu and Olson, from the perspective of the ERM, to glean implications and suggestions for the optimization and customization of the ERM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The metafrontier Malmquist-Luenberger (MML) index was used to measure the environmentally sensitive productivity and analyze its decompositions on China's regional productivity growth. Using the MML index, the environmental undesirable outputs and regional heterogeneities were analyzed simultaneously. The empirical results showed that although China had accomplished rapid growth rate of GDP over the last decade, environmentally sensitive productivity has been relatively constant with a low growth rate. The productivity growth is driven mainly by technology innovation. Regarding the regional differences, the eastern area showed the highest productivity growth, whereas the central and western areas showed productivity deterioration. Some implications and suggestions on the regional differences are proposed based on the empirical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines total-factor environmental performance for various regions in China based on the metafrontier directional distance function. This approach can measure the environmental performance of undesirable outputs (pollutants). Technological heterogeneity can be taken into account simultaneously by taking a metafrontier approach. First, the concept of a generalized metafrontier directional distance function is proposed for the model. Second, several standardized composite indicators of environmental performance are developed. Third, the metafrontier directional distance function is estimated by solving a series of data envelopment analysis models. Finally, various regions in China are empirically examined, and the results and their implications are discussed. The results indicate substantial heterogeneity in environmental performance across regions, and some policy suggestions are proposed based on these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]