Search

In person re-identification (re-id), the key to retrieving the correct person image is to extract discriminative features. The features at different levels are considered complementary. In this work, we design a person re-id learning network that can extract mutually multi-level features called ASCLNet. ASCLNet contains three feature branches, and each branch can extract mutually different levels of features. Furthermore, we propose two novel modules and apply them to learning local and attribute features in ASCLNet. One is the contextual local module, which can learn the local feature with context information from the local body part; the other is the attribute soft-sharing module, which enables shared feature representation among attributes. With the support of these two modules, ASCLNet can extract multi-level features that are more discriminative. Moreover, experimental results show that ASCLNet achieves excellent performances on Market-1501 and DukeMTMC-reID datasets with mAP of 88.85% and 80.18%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The ratio of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)/apolipoprotein B (apo B) is associated with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in chronic kidney disease patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the LDL-C/apo B ratio (LAR) and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Methods: A total of 1199 incident PD patients were enrolled from November 1, 2005 to August 31, 2019. The LAR was used to divide the patients into two groups by X-Tile software and restricted cubic splines using 1.04 as the cutoff. The incidence of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events at follow-up was compared according to LAR. Results: Of the 1199 patients, 58.0% were men, the mean age was 49.3 ± 14.5 years, 225 patients had a history of diabetes, and 117 patients had prior cardiovascular disease. During the follow-up period, 326 patients died, and 178 patients experienced cardiovascular events. After full adjustment, a low LAR was significantly associated with HRs for all-cause mortality of 1.37 (95% CI 1.02–1.84, P = 0.034) and for cardiovascular events of 1.61 (95% CI 1.10–2.36, P = 0.014). Conclusion: This study suggests that a low LAR is an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in PD patients, indicating that the LAR may provide significant information when assessing all-cause mortality and cardiovascular risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, an atomic simulation technique, plays a significant role in studying mechanism of ultra-precision cutting. MD simulation of nanometric cutting with extremely high cutting speeds involves considerable computational time and significant memory usage, which can provide microscopic analysis to better understand the ultra-precision cutting process. Considerable researches relating to MD simulation might help improve manufacturing technologies, which are of particular interest to early studies. However, a number of studies embracing ultra-precision cutting with MD simulation have not been reviewed systematically before, especially for the surface generation mechanism. In this paper, the principles and fundamentals, the development and application, and advantages and current limitations of MD simulation of surface generation mechanism in ultra-precision cutting are reviewed. Relevant MD simulation studies of surface generation mechanism are summarized with a focus on (a) the minimum cutting thickness; (b) the effect of tool geometry parameters: rake angle, edge radius; (c) the influence of cutting parameters: feed rate, cutting depth and cutting speed; (d) the influence of cutting force and cutting temperature; (e) the effect of crystal orientation. This paper provides a brief review of surface generation mechanism in ultra-precision cutting with the MD simulation to preliminary understand MD simulation and how it applied in studying nanosurface generation mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abnormal coronary endothelial function is an important step in the development of atherosclerosis. Coronary atherosclerosis is one of the main causes of death worldwide. We constructed a co-expression network to identify hub genes associated with abnormal coronary endothelial function in early coronary atherosclerosis. In brief, we used the GSE132651 dataset from the gene expression omnibus database. The top 5000 genes with greatest variances were used for weighted gene co-expression network analysis, and the module most strongly correlated with abnormal coronary endothelial function was chosen as key module. Functional enrichment analysis was performed for genes in the key module, a protein–protein interaction network was constructed to find hub genes, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was also performed. Genes were classified into 7 modules, with the midnightblue module being the one that was most related to abnormal coronary endothelial function and containing genes enriched in DNA replication, cell cycle, nucleotide excision repair, and Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 infection. We identified nine hub genes (HOXC5, PRND, PADI3, RC3H1, DAPP1, SIT1, DRICH1, GPRIN2, and RHO), which differently expressed in abnormal and normal coronary endothelial function samples. GSEA suggested that samples associated with abnormal coronary endothelial function and highly expressed hub genes were linked with immune, coagulation, hypoxia, and angiogenesis processes. These hub genes, their expression pattern, and pathways may be involved in the development of abnormal coronary endothelial function and promotion of early coronary atherosclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the roles of estrogen receptors (ERs) in the pathogenesis of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important topic of putative value for therapeutic approaches. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a non-selective ER-α/β antagonist ICI182.780 (ICI) on a rat model of TBI. The TBI model was induced by the weight-drop injury and assessed by the Morris water maze (MWM). ICI was dissolved by DMSO and intracerebroventricularly administered before TBI. Adult male rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham + veh, TBI + veh, and TBI + ICI. The level of central estrogen in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) was assessed by ELISA. The expressions of aromatase cytochrome P-450 (AROM) and synaptophysin (SYN) as well as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were evaluated by Western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses, respectively. Compared with the sham + veh group, the TBI + veh one showed longer escape latency and less number of platform crossings in the MWM test, an elevated level of endogenous estrogen in the CSF, and increased expressions of AROM and SYN as well as GFAP in the injured hippocampus. The TBI + ICI group displayed longer escape latency and less number of platform crossings in the MWM test and more expressions of GFAP in the hippocampus than that of the TBI + veh one. In conclusion, single-dose intracerebroventricular administration of ICI may increase the cognitive deficits and hippocampal astrocytic activation after TBI, but not for the central aromatization and hippocampal synaptogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycrystalline copper is widely applied to the manufacture of optical components. Our previous experiments found that some irregular microstructures appeared on the machined surface; however, it had lacked sufficient studies about generation mechanism. The present research conducted a theoretical and experimental study on the generation mechanism of irregular microstructures. Firstly, the appearance and distribution of irregular microstructures on the machined surface was studied. Secondly, the effects of crystal orientations on the generation of irregular microstructures were investigated. Finally, the cutting performances were investigated by both molecular dynamics simulations and experiments. Theoretical and experimental results show that (1) material properties under different grain orientations are the major cause of the appearance of irregular microstructures; (2) with the changes of crystal orientations, the force signal, chip morphology, shear slip of material, and subsurface defect are also different; and (3) higher cutting velocities have the suppression effect on the generation of irregular microstructures. The present research provides a deep insight into the generation mechanism and suppression method of irregular microstructures in single point diamond turning polycrystalline copper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In ultra-precision machining of ferrous materials, diamond tools are easy to graphitize due to chemical reactions with ferrous materials, which can cause severe tool wear. The sharpness of the original cutting edge therefore cannot be maintained to machine mirror-level surface roughness. It cannot through a high-efficiency and low-cost way to obtain the workpiece surface integrity with high quality. Studying the wear mechanism of diamond tools and wear suppression methods is very important to improve the cutting efficiency of ultra-precision machining. In the present research, wear mechanisms and suppression schemes in diamond tools turning ferrous materials are reviewed and focusing on three major wear mechanisms and four effective suppression methods. In the end, this paper discusses the magnetism property of diamond-turnable materials, and introduces the feasibility of the magnetic field-assisted scheme to suppress diamond tool wear (DTW). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the association between pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and adverse pregnancy outcomes among women participated in the National Free Preconception Health Examination Project in Guangdong Province, China, and explored these associations according to maternal age. Pre-pregnancy BMI was classified into underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2), healthy weight (18.5–23.9 kg/m2), overweight (24.0–27.9 kg/m2), and obesity (≥ 28.0 kg/m2) according to Chinese criteria. Outcomes were preterm birth (PTB, delivery before 37 weeks of gestation), large for gestational age (LGA, birthweight above the 90th percentile for gestational age by infants' sex), small for gestational age (SGA, birthweight below the 10th percentile for gestational age by infants' sex), primary caesarean delivery, shoulder dystocia or birth injury, and stillbirth. Adjusted incidence risk ratios (aIRR) were calculated for underweight, overweight and obesity, respectively. Compared with healthy weight, underweight was associated with increased risk of PTB (aIRR 1.06, 95%CI 1.04–1.09) and SGA (1.23, 1.22–1.26) but inversely associated with LGA (0.83, 0.82–0.85), primary caesarean delivery (0.88, 0.87–0.90) and stillbirth (0.73, 0.53–0.99). Overweight was associated with increased risk of LGA (1.17, 1.14–1.19), primary caesarean delivery (1.18, 1.16–1.20) and stillbirth (1.44, 1.03–2.06), but inversely associated with SGA (0.92, 0.90–0.95) and shoulder dystocia or birth injury (0.86, 0.79–0.93). Obesity was associated with increased risk of PTB (1.12, 1.05–1.20), LGA (1.32, 1.27–1.37), primary caesarean delivery (1.45, 1.40–1.50), but inversely associated with SGA (0.92, 0.87–0.97). The aIRRs for underweight, overweight and obesity in relation to these adverse pregnancy outcomes ranged from 0.65 to 1.52 according to maternal age. In Chinese population, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was significantly associated with the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and the risk differs according to maternal age. Further investigation is warranted to determine whether and how counselling and interventions for women with low or increased BMI before pregnancy can reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fe doped In2O3 samples (In1− xFe x)2O3 ( x=0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3) on glass substrate were prepared by sol-gel method. The XRD results demonstrate that the solubility of Fe ions in In2O3 matrix is around 20%, above which impurity phase can be observed. The transmittance of the samples with x=0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 are above 80% in the visible region while the transimittance of the glass is 90%. The transmittance curves slightly red-shifts as x increasing. All of the samples except x=0 are ferromagnetic at room temperature. The highest saturation magnetization moment is reached in the sample x=0.2 with 330 emu/cm3, and the coercive force is 169 Oe which is also the largest in our samples. The results indicate that the addition of Fe ions could tune the structure, the ferromagnetism and optical property in the In2O3 matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Professional athletes involved in high-performance sport are at a high injury risk, which may lead to long-term health consequences. Professional athletes often expose themselves to risky behaviours, resulting in a higher acceptance level of occupational risk compared to other occupations. To date, many studies have focused on elite athletes' specific injury prevention techniques. The objective of this narrative review is to (1) summarise elite athletes' attitudes towards important occupational safety and health (OSH) practices, including injury reporting, medicine usage and personal protective equipment (PPE) usage, and (2) explore factors that may influence elite athletes' injury awareness. If injury awareness were given a similar weighting in elite sports as in any other highly physical occupation, the potential benefits to elite athletes and their long-term health could be highly significant. This review identifies that most elite athletes are not aware that sporting injuries are occupational injuries requiring behaviours determined by OSH rules. All the 39 studies identified met the moderate methodological quality criteria according to the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). The factors impeding athletes' injury awareness from achieving occupational health standards are discussed from three safety management perspectives: organisational, societal and individual. This review contributes to a better understanding of how to build a positive safety culture, one that could reduce elite athletes' injury rate and improve their long-term wellbeing. Further research is required to develop a quantitative measurement instrument to evaluate occupational health awareness in the sport context. Based on the papers reviewed, the study population was categorised as elite, professional, high-performance amateur and student-athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]