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A series of binary In2O3/S (S = Al2O3, SiO2, and MgO) catalysts were fabricated by an incipient-wetness impregnation method, which were firstly applied in the ethylbenzene dehydrogenation under the presence of CO2 (EBDH-CO2). The synthesized catalysts were systematically characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm, temperature-programmed desorption of NH3 and CO2 (NH3/CO2-TPD), temperature-programmed reduction of H2 (H2-TPR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It is found that the support can strongly impact on the crystalline phase, the dispersity, and the reduction properties of In2O3. The catalytic tests during the EBDH-CO2 show that as compared to In2O3/MgO and In2O3/SiO2 with the merely existence of bulk In2O3 particles, the In2O3/Al2O3 catalyst gives the highest catalytic activity and good stability, which can be principally ascribed to the synergistic effect of the bulk In2O3 and in situ metallic In formed by the reduction of the well-dispersed In2O3 on the Al2O3 surface. It therefore affirms that attaining an appropriate support to disperse the active phase In2O3 becomes the decisive factor to achieve both superior catalytic activity and satisfied selectivity towards styrene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has become an important etiological driver of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), leading to unique tumor characteristics. However, the interplay between HPV-associated tumor cells and tumor microenvironment (TME) remains an enigma. Methods: We performed a single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) on HPV-positive (HPV+) and HPV-negative (HPV‒) OPSCC tumors, each for three samples, and one normal tonsil tissue. Ex vivo validation assays including immunofluorescence staining, cell line co-culture, and flow cytometry analysis were used to test specific subtypes of HPV+ tumor cells and their communications with T cells. Results: Through a comprehensive single-cell transcriptome analysis, we uncover the distinct transcriptional signatures between HPV+ and HPV‒ OPSCC. Specifically, HPV+ OPSCC tumor cells manifest an enhanced interferon response and elevated expression of the major histocompatibility complex II (MHC-II), potentially bolstering tumor recognition and immune response. Furthermore, we identify a CXCL13+CD4+ T cell subset that exhibits dual features of both follicular and pro-inflammatory helper T cells. Noteworthily, HPV+ OPSCC tumor cells embrace extensive intercellular communications with CXCL13+CD4+ T cells. Interaction with HPV+ OPSCC tumor cells amplifies CXCL13 and IFNγ release in CD4+T cells, fostering a pro-inflammatory TME. Additionally, HPV+ tumor cells expressing high MHC-II and CXCL13+CD4+ T cell prevalence are indicative of favorable overall survival rates in OPSCC patients. Conclusions: Together, our study underscores a synergistic inflammatory immune response orchestrated by highly immunogenic tumor cells and CXCL13+CD4+ T cells in HPV+ OPSCC, offering useful insights into strategy development for patient stratification and effective immunotherapy in OPSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The study aimed to investigate the efficacy and survival outcomes of neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade (neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy) for patients with resectable head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted. Patients with initially diagnosed, resectable HNSCCs who received the neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy and radical surgery were included. Correlation analysis between patients' clinical characteristics and pathological responses, and survival analysis were performed. Results: A total of 79 patients were included. The majority of patients (55, 69.6%) were diagnosed at locally advanced stages and most of them (58, 73.4%) had tumor located at the oral cavity. Nearly half of patients (35, 44.3%) received two cycles of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy and the rest had three or more cycles. The R0 resection rate was 98.7%. In the pathological evaluation, 53.1% of patients reached pathological complete responses or major pathological responses. After a median follow-up of 17.0 months, the 1-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 87.2% and 97.4%, respectively. The pathological response showed a significantly positive association with survival benefits (p < 0.001). Patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal cancer had the best pathological response and survival outcomes. Besides, history of radiation at head and neck region and poor pathological response were found to be independent risk factors of DFS for patients receiving such treatments. Conclusion: Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy of HNSCC showed high rate of pathological response and low recurrence rate, holding promise for becoming the new standard of care for resectable HNSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The significance of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) to the neck for pN1 status head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) after neck dissection is unclear. A total of 208 patients with pN1 status HNSCC treated from January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2014, were enrolled in the current study. The 5-year regional recurrence-free survival (RRFS), overall survival (OS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) were compared between patients with or without PORT to the dissected neck. Moreover, the stratified Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association between PORT to the neck and survival before and after propensity score matching. Seventy-nine patients received PORT to the neck, while 129 did not. All patients were followed for over 5 years, with a median follow-up duration of 64.6 months. The PORT group did not show better survival results than the group without PORT to the neck in RRFS, OS or DMFS. Moreover, no evidence showed that PORT to the neck was independently associated with 5-year survival. PORT to the neck for pN1 status HNSCC after neck dissection did not lead to better survival. However, it is necessary to conduct prospective randomized clinical trials to confirm these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online users are constantly seeking experiences, such as a hotel with clean rooms and a lively bar, or a restaurant for a romantic rendezvous. However, e-commerce search engines only support queries involving objective attributes such as location, price, and cuisine, and any experiential data is relegated to text reviews. In order to support experiential queries, a database system needs to model subjective data. Users should be able to pose queries that specify subjective experiences using their own words, in addition to conditions on the usual objective attributes. This paper introduces OpineDB, a subjective database system that addresses these challenges. We introduce a data model for subjective databases. We describe how OpineDB translates subjective queries against the subjective database schema, which is done by matching the user query phrases to the underlying schema. We also show how the experiential conditions specified by the user can be combined and the results aggregated and ranked. We demonstrate that subjective databases satisfy user needs more effectively and accurately than alternative techniques through experiments with real data of hotel and restaurant reviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Whether or not young patients with squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity (OC-SCC) have a difference in prognosis remains a controversy. This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics and difference of survival rates between adult patients less than 40 years of age and those 40 years of age and older. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted using the database of patients diagnosed with OC-SCC between 1990 and 2013 in the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, but patients older than 85 years, younger than 18 years, or died within 6 months of diagnosis were excluded. Patients were categorized into two groups: the young group (< 40 years of age) and the older group (≥ 40 years of age). Cox regression, survival and subgroups analyses were performed. The primary endpoints included the rates of 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). Results: A total of 1902 OC-SCC patients were identified. The percentage of female in the young group was significantly higher than that in the older group (40.27% vs 31.03%, p < 0.001). This study failed to find the difference in TNM classification or tumor stage between the two groups (p > 0.05). The young group was more likely to receive adjuvant radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy (42.48% vs 26.91%, p < 0.001). The 5-year OS rate (71% vs. 57%, p < 0.001) and DSS rate (72% vs 58%, p < 0.001) in patients under 40 years were significantly higher than those for the older group. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that OC-SCC in younger patients did not present at a more advanced stage. In addition, young age is an independent predictor for better survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two models are developed for updating opinions in social networks under situations where certain beliefs might be considered to be competing. These two models represent different attitudes of people towards the perceived conflict between beliefs. In both models agents have a degree of tolerance, which represents the extent to which the agent takes into account the differing beliefs of other agents, and a degree of conflict, which represents the extent to which two beliefs are considered to be competing. Computer simulations are used to determine how the opinion dynamics are affected by the inclusion of conflict. Results show that conflict can enhance the formation of consensus within the network in certain circumstances according to one of the models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the gate hysteresis behavior in single electron transport driven by surface acoustic wave (SAW/SET) devices over a wide temperature range from 1.7 to 200 K. From the temperature dependence, we come to the conclusion that the gate hysteresis in SAW/SET devices arises from a combination of the screening effect of the surface state and the electron tunneling between the moving quantum dot and the impurity quantum dot. In addition, when a perpendicular magnetic field is applied to the sample, the behavior of the gate hysteresis changes substantially. A competition between the magnetic field and the gate voltage on determining the electronic wave function is considered as the reason for the experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a symbolic approach for computing with words, linguistic truth-valued lattice-valued propositional logic $$\fancyscript{L}_{V(n\times 2)}P(X)$$ can represent and handle both imprecise and incomparable linguistic value-based information. Indecomposable extremely simple form (IESF) is a basic concept of $$\alpha $$ -resolution automated reasoning in lattice-valued logic based in lattice implication algebra (LIA). In this paper we establish a unified method for finding the structure of $$k$$ -IESF in $$\fancyscript{L}_{V(n\times 2)}P(X)$$ . Firstly, some operational properties of logical formulae in $$L_6P(X)$$ are studied, and some rules are obtained for judging whether a given logical formula is a $$k$$ -IESF, which are used to contrive an algorithm for finding $$k$$ -IESF in $$L_6P(X)$$ . Then, all the results are extended into $$\fancyscript{L}_{V(n\times 2)}P(X)$$ . Finally, a unified algorithm for finding all $$k$$ -IESFs in $$\fancyscript{L}_{V(n\times 2)}P(X)$$ is proposed. This work provides theoretical foundations and algorithms for $$\alpha $$ -resolution automated reasoning in linguistic truth-valued lattice-valued logic based in linguistic truth-valued LIAs and formal tools for symbolic natural language processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The CoH-BZZ and CoH-BMZ catalysts have good catalytic activity in the selective catalytic reduction of NO (NO-SCR) by methane, but have less selectivity at the reaction temperatures above 600°C. It was found that the addition of different transition metals to CoH-BZZ took different effect on SCR of NO by methane. Besides, Zn additives improved effectively the selectivity of methane towards NOx reduction. The nature of the active sites is characterized by diffuse reflectance H-TPR and XPS. These techniques show that in both CoZn-BZZ and CoZn-BMZ catalysts the cobalt is present as mononuclear Co species, and the bind energy also decreased compared with CoH-composites (-BZZ and -BMZ). Reactivity of both CoZn-BZZ and CoZn-BMZ is much higher than that found on Co based catalysts in temperature range between 500 and 650°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The highly ordered mesoporous chromium–alumina catalysts (denoted as OMCA(x)) with different nAl/nCr ratios of 10 and 20 have been successfully synthesized via an evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) pathway associated with thermal treatment and were applied to the liquid phase oxidation of cyclohexane with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an oxidant. For comparison studies, a chromium catalyst with the nAl/nCr ratio of 10 supported on an ordered mesoporous alumina support [denoted as Cr/OMA(10)] was also prepared by an incipient wetness impregnation (IWI) method. Although both kinds of catalysts retained a unidimensionally ordered mesoporous structure, textural properties of the catalysts were significantly affected by the preparation method. The characteristic results from XRD, N2 adsorption, TEM, UV-Vis, 27Al MNS NMR, and H2-TPR showed that the OMCA(x) catalysts exhibited much more highly ordered hexagonal mesostructure, narrower pore-size distribution, higher Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area and pore volume, and more homogeneous distribution of Cr species in mesoporous alumina framework in the form of tetrahedrally coordinated hexavalent Cr-oxide moieties than those of Cr/OMA(10) synthesized by an IWI method. In addition, in comparison with Cr/OMA(10), OMCA(x) catalysts showed higher catalytic activity and stability for the liquid phase oxidation of cyclohexane. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of zeolite powders on feasibility of rapid aerobic granulation in the column-type sequencing batch reactors. After 90 days' operation, aerobic granular sludge was formed in both reactors by altering influent chemical oxygen demand/nitrogen (COD/N) ratios. R1 with zeolite powders had better removal capabilities of COD and total nitrogen than R2, which was without zeolite powders. Mixed liquor volatile suspended solid concentrations of the two reactors were 7.36 and 5.45 g/L, while sludge volume index (SVI) values were 34.9 and 47.9 mg/L, respectively. The mean diameters of aerobic granular sludge in the above two reactors were 2.5 and 1.5 mm, respectively. Both reactors achieved the largest simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) efficiency at an influent COD/N ratio of 8; however, R1 exhibited more excellent SND efficiency than R2. The obtained results could provide a novel technique for rapid aerobic granulation and N removal simultaneously, especially when treating nitrogen-rich industrial wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is focused on resolution-based automated reasoning theory in linguistic truth-valued lattice-valued logic based on linguistic truth-valued lattice implication algebra. Concretely, the general form of α-resolution principle based on the above lattice-valued logic is equivalently transformed into another simpler lattice-valued logic system. Firstly, the general form of α-resolution principle for lattice-valued propositional logic $$ ({\fancyscript{L}}_{n} \times {\fancyscript{L}}_{2}){\text{P(X)}} $$ is equivalently transformed into that for lattice-valued propositional logic $$ \fancyscript{L}_{n} $$P(X). A similar conclusion is obtained between the general form of α-resolution principle for linguistic truth-valued lattice-valued propositional logic $${\fancyscript{L}}_{V(n \times 2)}$$P(X) and that for lattice-valued propositional logic $${\fancyscript{L}}_{Vn} $$P(X). Secondly, the general form of α-resolution principle for lattice-valued first-order logic $$ ({\fancyscript{L}}_{n} \times {\fancyscript{L}}_{2}) $$F(X) is equivalently transformed into that for $${\fancyscript{L}}_{n} $$P(X). Similarly, this conclusion also holds for linguistic truth-valued lattice-valued first-order $${\fancyscript{L}}_{V(n \times 2)} $$F(X) and $${\fancyscript{L}}_{Vn} $$P(X). The presented work provides a key theoretical support for automated reasoning approaches and algorithms in linguistic truth-valued logic, which can further support linguistic information processing for decision making, i.e., reasoning with words. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on the efficient resolution-based automated reasoning theory, approach and algorithm for a lattice-ordered linguistic truth-valued logic. Firstly two hybrid resolution methods in linguistic truth-valued lattice-valued logic are proposed by combining α-lock resolution with generalized deleting strategy and α-linear resolution. α-Lock resolution for first-order linguistic truth-valued lattice-valued logic $$\fancyscript{L}_{V(n \times 2)}F(X)$$ is equivalently transformed into that for propositional logic $$L_{n}P(X)$$ which reduce much the complexity of the resolution procedure. Then the compatibilities of α-lock resolution with generalized deleting strategy and α-linear resolution are discussed. We finally contrive an algorithm for α-linear semi-lock resolution and some examples are provided to illustrate the proposed theory and algorithm. This work provides effective support for automated reasoning scheme in linguistic truth-valued logic based on lattice-valued algebra with the aim at establishing formal tools for symbolic natural language processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resorcinol and formaldehyde were used as carbon precursors, poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymer was employed as a soft template, and tetraethylorthosilicate-generated silica was used as hard templates to synthesize spherical mesoporous carbon. The resulting spherical mesoporous carbons were characterized by nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms and electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) and used as electrode materials for aqueous electric double-layer capacitors. The average diameters of spherical particles ranged from 2 to 7 μm and the mesopore was ca 2 nm. The highest specific surface area of 1,000 m/g and mesopore volume of 0.86 cm/g was obtained. The specific capacitance of 130 F/g was obtained by means of galvanostatic charging/discharging and cycle voltammetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the T-S model, the output regulation of nonlinear singularly perturbed systems via state feedback is discussed. It is shown that, under standard assumptions, this problem is solvable if and only if certain linear matrix equations are solvable. Once these equations are solvable, the state feedback regulator can easily be constructed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]