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Ciprofloxacin (CIP, C17H18FN3O3), one of the main pollution sources detected in water, has raised intense issues. In order to resolve this issue, it is essential to achieve efficient degradation of CIP under visible light. Herein, a set of two-dimensional composites MoS2/Bi2MoO6 were constructed, and proved via XRD, FT-IR, SEM, TEM, and XPS, respectively. In addition, the results recorded that when the optimized composites 0.5%-MoS2/Bi2MoO6 were applied, the degradation rate of CIP was up to 91% at 120 min under the irradiation of visible light (> 395 nm) which was superior to that of the pure MoS2 or Bi2MoO6. UV–Vis DRS, photocurrent, and electrical impedance analyses indicate that the outperformance of 0.5%-MoS2/Bi2MoO6 is due to the optimized band gap and specific surface area. More importantly, a photocatalytic mechanism was proposed based on the analysis of GC–MS (according to the references (Dang et al. in Chem Eng J 422(15):130103, 2021; Zhu et al. in Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 30(11):28874–28888, 2022)) and active species. The result was manifest: CIP was degraded progressively under the attack of photocatalytically generated h+,.O2−. This work opens up a category for the construction of efficient Bi2MoO6-based composites and proposes a hypothetical mechanism and pathway for CIP degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electronic structure has a profound effect on the performance of photocatalyst. In this study, the electronic structure of Bi2WO6 is calculated with density functional theory (DFT). The CoWO4@Bi2WO6 Z-scheme heterojunction was prepared by one-step hydrothermal method. XRD, XPS, SEM, and TEM were used to demonstrate the successful preparation of the composites. Ciprofloxacin was used to test the performance of the catalysts. The results showed that the 1:5 CBWO has the best degradation performance, which was 5 and 9 times than that of BWO and CWO within 120 min, respectively. The intervention of DFT theory provides a reference for the selection of loading material and one-step hydrothermal method can save energy and produce high yield of materials. Therefore, this study has a good guiding significance for the modification of Bi2WO6 and other photocatalytic materials in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bi/Bi4O5Br2 composite photocatalysts with different loading were prepared by ethylene glycol reduction method. The successful construction of the composite was confirmed by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscope, photoluminescence, UV–Vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The prepared Bi/Bi4O5Br2 composite can degrade the colored dye RhB and the colorless substance BPA under simulated visible light. The catalytic activity of the composite is obviously improved compared with that of the pure substance, and the photocatalytic performance of 5% loading of composite sample is the best. Through the experiments of photoluminescence spectrum and fluorescence decay curve, it is confirmed that the photo-generated carrier separation efficiency of 5% loading of composite sample is the highest. Radical trapping experiments show that h+ plays a major role. The improvement of photocatalytic activity of the composite is attributed to the plasmon resonance effect of Bi, which promotes the transfer and separation of semiconductor interface charge. The composite material has good cycle stability, which provides a research idea for the photocatalytic treatment of wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Polygonatum, a classic source of food and traditional medicine, possess great potential and applicability in combating chronic and hidden hunger. To study the relationship between the selected Polygonatum -associated microbiome and the fitness of the host plants.The microbial communities were investigated using a high-throughput sequencing method. Their association with the soil chemical properties and Polygonatum adaptation ability were elucidated.P. kingianum var. grandifolium (PG) was more adaptive than P. kingianum (PK) or P. sibiricum (PS) due to the highest rhizome fresh weight (RFW) and polysaccharide content (PSC) (P < 0.05). RFW and PSC reached the highest when the pH was 7.48 – 7.95 and showed a significant reduction with the soil acidification. The diversity, community structure, and composition of the rhizospheric microbiota were more significantly affected by Polygonatum than those of the endosphere. The microbial diversity and richness in the rhizosphere soils of PG were higher. Specific microorganisms were related to both the yield and quality of Polygonatum and the soil chemical properties; the highest for PG was associated with the beneficial microorganisms such as, Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium and Talaromyces in the rhizospheric soil while the low yield and poor quality of PK and PS were linked with the pathogenic microorganisms such as Pseudomonas, Fusarium, Neocosmospora, and Tausonia.The adaptability of the Polygonatum genotypes was closely related to the soil pH, which may connect with the growth of either beneficial or pathogenic microorganisms in the rhizosphere, thereby affecting the growth and quality of Polygonatum.Methods: Polygonatum, a classic source of food and traditional medicine, possess great potential and applicability in combating chronic and hidden hunger. To study the relationship between the selected Polygonatum -associated microbiome and the fitness of the host plants.The microbial communities were investigated using a high-throughput sequencing method. Their association with the soil chemical properties and Polygonatum adaptation ability were elucidated.P. kingianum var. grandifolium (PG) was more adaptive than P. kingianum (PK) or P. sibiricum (PS) due to the highest rhizome fresh weight (RFW) and polysaccharide content (PSC) (P < 0.05). RFW and PSC reached the highest when the pH was 7.48 – 7.95 and showed a significant reduction with the soil acidification. The diversity, community structure, and composition of the rhizospheric microbiota were more significantly affected by Polygonatum than those of the endosphere. The microbial diversity and richness in the rhizosphere soils of PG were higher. Specific microorganisms were related to both the yield and quality of Polygonatum and the soil chemical properties; the highest for PG was associated with the beneficial microorganisms such as, Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium and Talaromyces in the rhizospheric soil while the low yield and poor quality of PK and PS were linked with the pathogenic microorganisms such as Pseudomonas, Fusarium, Neocosmospora, and Tausonia.The adaptability of the Polygonatum genotypes was closely related to the soil pH, which may connect with the growth of either beneficial or pathogenic microorganisms in the rhizosphere, thereby affecting the growth and quality of Polygonatum.Results: Polygonatum, a classic source of food and traditional medicine, possess great potential and applicability in combating chronic and hidden hunger. To study the relationship between the selected Polygonatum -associated microbiome and the fitness of the host plants.The microbial communities were investigated using a high-throughput sequencing method. Their association with the soil chemical properties and Polygonatum adaptation ability were elucidated.P. kingianum var. grandifolium (PG) was more adaptive than P. kingianum (PK) or P. sibiricum (PS) due to the highest rhizome fresh weight (RFW) and polysaccharide content (PSC) (P < 0.05). RFW and PSC reached the highest when the pH was 7.48 – 7.95 and showed a significant reduction with the soil acidification. The diversity, community structure, and composition of the rhizospheric microbiota were more significantly affected by Polygonatum than those of the endosphere. The microbial diversity and richness in the rhizosphere soils of PG were higher. Specific microorganisms were related to both the yield and quality of Polygonatum and the soil chemical properties; the highest for PG was associated with the beneficial microorganisms such as, Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium and Talaromyces in the rhizospheric soil while the low yield and poor quality of PK and PS were linked with the pathogenic microorganisms such as Pseudomonas, Fusarium, Neocosmospora, and Tausonia.The adaptability of the Polygonatum genotypes was closely related to the soil pH, which may connect with the growth of either beneficial or pathogenic microorganisms in the rhizosphere, thereby affecting the growth and quality of Polygonatum.Conclusion: Polygonatum, a classic source of food and traditional medicine, possess great potential and applicability in combating chronic and hidden hunger. To study the relationship between the selected Polygonatum -associated microbiome and the fitness of the host plants.The microbial communities were investigated using a high-throughput sequencing method. Their association with the soil chemical properties and Polygonatum adaptation ability were elucidated.P. kingianum var. grandifolium (PG) was more adaptive than P. kingianum (PK) or P. sibiricum (PS) due to the highest rhizome fresh weight (RFW) and polysaccharide content (PSC) (P < 0.05). RFW and PSC reached the highest when the pH was 7.48 – 7.95 and showed a significant reduction with the soil acidification. The diversity, community structure, and composition of the rhizospheric microbiota were more significantly affected by Polygonatum than those of the endosphere. The microbial diversity and richness in the rhizosphere soils of PG were higher. Specific microorganisms were related to both the yield and quality of Polygonatum and the soil chemical properties; the highest for PG was associated with the beneficial microorganisms such as, Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium and Talaromyces in the rhizospheric soil while the low yield and poor quality of PK and PS were linked with the pathogenic microorganisms such as Pseudomonas, Fusarium, Neocosmospora, and Tausonia.The adaptability of the Polygonatum genotypes was closely related to the soil pH, which may connect with the growth of either beneficial or pathogenic microorganisms in the rhizosphere, thereby affecting the growth and quality of Polygonatum.Graphical Abstract: Polygonatum, a classic source of food and traditional medicine, possess great potential and applicability in combating chronic and hidden hunger. To study the relationship between the selected Polygonatum -associated microbiome and the fitness of the host plants.The microbial communities were investigated using a high-throughput sequencing method. Their association with the soil chemical properties and Polygonatum adaptation ability were elucidated.P. kingianum var. grandifolium (PG) was more adaptive than P. kingianum (PK) or P. sibiricum (PS) due to the highest rhizome fresh weight (RFW) and polysaccharide content (PSC) (P < 0.05). RFW and PSC reached the highest when the pH was 7.48 – 7.95 and showed a significant reduction with the soil acidification. The diversity, community structure, and composition of the rhizospheric microbiota were more significantly affected by Polygonatum than those of the endosphere. The microbial diversity and richness in the rhizosphere soils of PG were higher. Specific microorganisms were related to both the yield and quality of Polygonatum and the soil chemical properties; the highest for PG was associated with the beneficial microorganisms such as, Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium and Talaromyces in the rhizospheric soil while the low yield and poor quality of PK and PS were linked with the pathogenic microorganisms such as Pseudomonas, Fusarium, Neocosmospora, and Tausonia.The adaptability of the Polygonatum genotypes was closely related to the soil pH, which may connect with the growth of either beneficial or pathogenic microorganisms in the rhizosphere, thereby affecting the growth and quality of Polygonatum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, World Bank socioeconomic data of 61 countries during 2009–2015 combine with a semi-systematic literature review was applied to analyze the relationship between plastic consumptions and socioeconomic levels statistically. Based on a total data volume of 5551, we found that all countries can be divided into different groups like the continent, income status, and coastal countries. It is showed that most plastics were consumed by North America, Europe, high-income countries, and coastal countries in the Pacific and the Atlantic Ocean. A potential relation occurred in plastic consumptions with different socioeconomic parameters like Gross National Income (GNI) per capita, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, life expectancy, agriculture land use, etc. The results indicated the need should continue to support initiatives to cover identified gaps, either geographic or thematic, to address plastic consumptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a novel oxygen vacancy-rich BiOCl/ZnMoO4 composites were successfully prepared by a simple two-step method. Experimental results indicated that the content of BiOCl with oxygen vacancies played an important role in photocatalytic performance of OBZM heterostructures. OBZM-5 exhibited a highly enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation compared to pure BiOCl, Ov-BiOCl, ZnMoO4 and other OBZM composites, which can be attributed to the efficient separation and transfer of photogenerated charge carrier. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of rhodamine B (RhB) can reach 99% within 40 min and almost all of norfloxacin (NOR) can be degradated after 100 min by OBZM-5. In addition, OBZM-5 displayed a good stability during the photocatalytic process, which favored a long-term use. Moreover, a possible photocatalytic mechanism was proposed based on the active species trapping experiments and electron spin resonance (ESR) tests, verifying that the photogenerated holes (h+) and ·O2− radicals were the dominating active species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semi-supervised dimensionality reduction has attracted an increasing amount of attention in this big-data era. Many algorithms have been developed with a small number of pairwise constraints to achieve performances comparable to those of fully su pervised methods. However, one challenging problem with semi-supervised approaches is the appropriate choice of the constraint set, including the cardinality and the composition of the constraint set which, to a large extent, affects the performance of the resulting algorithm. In this work, we address the problem by incorporating ensemble subspaces and active learning into dimensionality reduction and propose a new global and local scatter based semi-supervised dimensionality reduction method with active constraints selection. Unlike traditional methods that select the supervised information in one subspace, we pick up pairwise constraints in ensemble subspaces, where a novel active learning algorithm is designed with both exploration and filtering to generate informative pairwise constraints. The automatic constraint selection approach proposed in this paper can be generalized to be used with all constraint-based semi-supervised learning algorithms. Comparative experiments are conducted on four face database and the results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial production of manganese/silicon ore has generated a large number of tailing wastes which are difficult to dispose. A new method treating coking wastewater was proposed using the manganese/silicon tailing waste and demonstrated with good performances: the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate was around 60 % without pH and temperature adjustment, with a reasonable reaction time of 2.5 h and tailing dosage of 0.2 g/L; while phenylamine was eliminated with a removal rate as high as 99 and 61.6 % for synthetic and real coking wastewater, respectively. Experimental results indicated that the removal of organic pollutants was mainly realized through chemical adsorption and/or oxidation by oxide components inside the tailing, rather than by physical adsorption. Operational parameters such as tailing dosage, reaction time, and temperature were optimized. Acid conditions were found to be favorable to remove the selected model organic pollutants, i.e., volatile phenols and phenylamine. Fortunately, the optimistic wastewater pH for COD removal was found to be around 7.0, right within the range of influent pH for real coking wastewater. The new method can treat coking wastewater and reuse mining tailing wastes simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]