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E-commerce live streaming has been increasingly prevalent in the online shopping environment, yet the instant purchasing group quantity as a crucial element in e-commerce live streaming has not gained in-depth investigation. Drawing on the social impact theory, this paper adopted event-related potential (ERP) to explore the role of instant purchasing group quantity in e-commerce live streaming and the underlying psychological mechanisms through a panic buying task. Behaviorally, consumers exhibited a shorter response time (RT) for panic buying when the instant purchasing group quantity was high (HQ) compared to when the instant purchasing group quantity was low (LQ). At the neural level, a significantly greater P2 amplitude (reflecting early automatic attention allocation) was triggered by success feedback versus failure feedback in the LQ condition but not in the HQ condition. We also found larger FRN difference (reflecting middle prediction errors and affective evaluation) between failure and success feedbacks of panic buying under the LQ condition compared to the HQ condition. However, the P3 difference (reflecting late valence evaluation) between success and failure feedbacks did not significantly vary under the LQ and HQ conditions. These ERP results indicated that P2 and FRN could reflect the social impact effect of instant purchasing group quantity, while P3 could not. The above findings demonstrated a two-phase mechanism behind the influence of social impact on consumer behavior, which means that the social impact has an effect on consumers' attention allocation in the first phase and their affections in the second phase, ultimately influencing their behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Androgen receptors are expressed in the pelvic floor and lower urinary tract. However, the association between serum testosterone and overactive bladder (OAB) in women remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate their association in a nationally representative population. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we collected data on female participants older than 20 years with serum total testosterone measurements and OAB questionnaires from the 2011–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Survey-weighted logistic regression models were used to analyze the relationship between testosterone and OAB in women. Results: Data on 4991 women was analyzed in this study, of whom 25.9% had OAB symptoms. Women with lower serum testosterone had an increased frequency of urge urinary incontinence and nocturia compared to participants with enough testosterone. The multivariate logistic models showed that those women with a testosterone level less than 18.5 ng/dL had significantly higher odds of OAB compared to those with a testosterone level greater than 18.5 ng/dL [OR 95% CI = 1.271 (1.073–1.505), P = 0.0076]. Separate interaction analyses revealed no significant effect of age, BMI, diabetes, education, alcohol use and menopause on the association between serum testosterone and OAB. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that additional variables (depression, stroke and stress urinary incontinence) had no significant effect on this relationship. Conclusions: Low serum testosterone is associated with an increased likelihood of OAB in women. This supports the potential therapeutic role of testosterone supplementation in women with OAB. Given the direct and indirect effects of testosterone on the pelvic floor and lower urinary tract, a potential mechanism for this relationship can be further explored in translational studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reward motivates goal-directed behaviors, leading to faster reaction time (RT) and lower error rate in searching for a target in the reward condition than in the no-reward condition in target-discrimination tasks. However, it is unclear how reward influences target detection in which participants are required to judge whether a predesignated target is present or absent. Here, we asked participants to complete a target-detection search task in which the color of the search array indicated the reward availability of the current trial. Correct and faster (than a baseline) responses would be rewarded if the search array had the reward-related color. In Experiments 1A and 1B, the target was presented in 50% of the trials. Experiment 1B had the same design as Experiment 1A, except that different baselines were set for the target-present and target-absent conditions. In Experiment 2, the proportion of target presence was manipulated to be high (80%), moderate (50%), or low (20%) in different blocks of stimuli. Results showed that, across all the experiments, participants responded faster and made fewer errors in the reward than in the no-reward condition when the target was present. However, this facilitatory effect was reversed when the target was absent, showcasing a reward-induced interference. The signal detection analysis suggested that reward biased the report criterion to the "yes" response. These findings demonstrate that the impact of reward on goal-directed behavior can be detrimental and reward prolongs the search process by rendering participants reluctant to say "no" in visual search termination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, artificial intelligence (AI) recommendations are widely used to alleviate the phenomenon of information overload, and how to enhance the effectiveness of AI recommendations is a very important issue. Based on theory of uses and gratifications, this paper applied neuroscience technology of event-related potential (ERP) to investigate how different AI recommendation methods (explicit and implicit) and product types (similar and related) affect consumers' decision-making process and neuropsychology mechanisms. Behavioral results showed that consumers were more likely to accept the implicit recommendations when recommending similar products. However, when recommending related products, consumers were more willing to accept explicit recommendations. At the neural level, ERP results provided underlying cognitive evidence for exploring consumers' decision-making on AI recommendations. There was a two-stage cognitive process of consumers on different AI recommendation methods and product types. In the early cognitive stage, a greater P2 amplitude was elicited by recommendation of similar products than that of related products, reflecting an automatic and primary attention allocation process. In the later cognitive stage, the recommendation method of implicit than that of explicit evoked a larger P3 amplitude when recommending similar products, while the recommendation method of explicit than that of implicit induced a greater P3 amplitude when recommending related products, reflecting an advanced categorization evaluation process. These findings have important theoretical and practical implications for gaining a deeper understanding of consumers' decision making on AI recommendations and promoting the development of AI recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the effects of the tungsten (W) converter and molybdenum target thickness on the 99Mo yield in the production of 99Mo via 100Mo(γ, n)99Mo photonuclear reaction were studied. The FLUKA program was applied to simulate the optimal size of the targets for the production of 99Mo under 50 MeV electron conditions, where the thicknesses of the W and Mo targets were 0.3 and 1.4 cm, respectively. The relative error between the calculation and the experimental results was less than 8%. The process of irradiating natural (natMo) and enriched (100Mo) molybdenum targets using electrons with a 1 mA average beam current was further simulated. The specific activity of enriched 100Mo is nearly ten times higher than that of natMo. The use of 100Mo targets also produces fewer radioactive impurities. This study provides a guidance on the size of W conversion and molybdenum targets, as well as the selection of molybdenum species, when producing 99Mo via photonuclear reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate amide proton transfer–weighted (APTw)–derived whole-tumor histogram analysis parameters in predicting pathological extramural venous invasion (pEMVI) positive status of rectal adenocarcinoma (RA). Methods: Preoperative MR including APTw imaging of 125 patients with RA (mean 61.4 ± 11.6 years) were retrospectively analyzed. Two radiologists reviewed each case's EMVI status based on the MR-based modified 5-point scale system with conventional MR images. The APTw histogram parameters of primary tumors were obtained automatically using whole-tumor volume histogram analysis. The independent risk factors markedly correlated with pEMVI-positive status were assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Diagnosis performance was assessed by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. The AUCs were compared using the Delong method. Results: Univariate analysis demonstrated that MR-tumor (T) stage, MR-lymph node (N) stage, APTw-10%, APTw-90%, interquartile range, APTw-minimum, APTw-maximum, APTw-mean, APTw-median, entropy, kurtosis, mean absolute deviation (MAD), and robust MAD were significantly related to pEMVI-positive status (all p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that MR-T stage (OR = 4.864, p = 0.018), MR-N stage (OR = 4.967, p = 0.029), interquartile range (OR = 0.892, p = 0.037), APT-minimum (OR = 1.046, p = 0.031), entropy (OR = 11.604, p = 0.006), and kurtosis (OR = 1.505, p = 0.007) were the independent risk factors enabling prediction of pEMVI-positive status. The AUCs for diagnostic ability of conventional MRI assessment, the APTw histogram model, and the combined model (including APTw histogram and clinical variables) were 0.785, 0.853, and 0.918, respectively. The combined model outperformed the APTw histogram model (p = 0.013) and the conventional MRI assessment (p = 0.006). Conclusions: Whole-tumor histogram analysis of APTw images combined with clinical factors showed better diagnosis efficiency in predicting EMVI involvement in RA. Key Points: • Rectal adenocarcinomas with pEMVI-positive status are typically associated with higher APTw-SI values. • APTw-minimum, interquartile range, entropy, kurtosis, MR-T stage, and MR-N stage are the independent risk factors for EMVI involvement. • The best prediction for EMVI involvement was obtained with a combined model of APTw histogram and clinical variables (area under the curve, 0.918). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Lymph node (LN) metastasis is an important prognostic factor in rectal cancer (RC). However, accurate identification of LN metastasis can be challenged for radiologists. The aim of our study was to assess the utility of MRI radiomics based on T2-weighted images (T2WI) and amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) images for predicting LN metastasis in RC preoperatively. Methods: A total of 125 patients with pathologically confirmed rectal adenocarcinoma (RA) from January 2019 to June 2021 who underwent preoperative MR were enrolled in this retrospective study. Radiomics features were extracted from high-resolution T2WI and APTw images of primary tumor. The most relevant radiomics and clinical features were selected using correlation and multivariate logistic analysis. Radiomics models were built using five machine learning algorithms including support vector machine (SVM), logical regression (LR), k- nearest neighbor (KNN), naive bayes (NB), and random forest (RF). The best algorithm was selected for further establish the clinical- radiomics model. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was used to assess the performance of radiomics and clinical-radiomics model for predicting LN metastasis. Results: The LR classifier had the best prediction performance, with AUCs of 0.983 (95% CI 0.957–1.000), 0.864 (95% CI 0.729–0.972), 0.851 (95% CI 0.713–0.940) on the training set, validation, and test sets, respectively. In terms of prediction, the clinical-radiomics combined model outperformed the radiomics model. The AUCs of the clinical-radiomics combined model in the validation and test sets were 0.900 (95% CI 0.785–0.986), and 0.929 (95% CI 0.721–0.943), respectively. Conclusion: The radiomics model based on high-resolution T2WI and APTw images can predict LN metastasis accurately in patients with RA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A ternary synergistic photocatalyst H3PW12O40/Pt/UiO-66-NH2 was successfully fabricated for the first time through a simple solvothermal synthetic strategy. We found that the introduced solid acid of H3PW12O40 could provide bonded H+ to improve the oxidation power of Cr(VI), while the introduction of Pt would enhance the charge separation to provide abundant electrons, as a result showing a synergistic effect to facilitate the fast Cr(VI) reduction to Cr(III) under original pH conduction. Benefited from the aforementioned advantages, the as-prepared H3PW12O40/Pt/UiO-66-NH2 shows excellent photocatalytic performance toward toxic Cr(VI) reduction, where the Cr(VI) with a concentration of 10 mg L–1 could be totally reduced into its low toxic state of Cr(III) within one hour of catalytic reaction under neutral pH conditions. The innovative design shown in this work opens a new viewpoint in planning high performance semiconductors for environmental concerned applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a data-driven topology identification method for distribution systems with distributed energy resources (DERs). First, a neural network is trained to depict the relationship between nodal power injections and voltage magnitude measurements, and then it is used to generate synthetic measurements under independent nodal power injections, thus eliminating the influence of correlated nodal power injections on topology identification. Second, a maximal information coefficient-based maximum spanning tree algorithm is developed to obtain the network topology by evaluating the dependence among the synthetic measurements. The proposed method is tested on different distribution networks and the simulation results are compared with those of other methods to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We employed the extended self-consistent field theory to investigate the supramolecular self-assembly behaviors of asymmetric diblock copolymer blends (AB/B′C) with hydrogen bonding interactions between shorter B and B′ blocks. The hydrogen bonding interactions are described by Yukawa potentials, where the hydrogen bonding donors and acceptors were modelled as two blocks smeared with opposite screened charges. The hierarchical microstructures with parallelly packed lamellae-in-lamellae (Lam) and 4.8.8 Archimedean tilting pattern (4.8.8) were observed at lower and higher hydrogen bonding density (θ), respectively. The hierarchy of Lam and 4.8.8 were demonstrated by the one- and two-dimensional density profiles and the underlying order of the large-length-scale and small-length-scale microstructures were also clarified. It was found that the 4.8.8 is favorable to the stronger hydrogen bonding density or interactions. As θ increases, the microphase transition from Lam to 4.8.8 occurs at θ=0.34, which is mainly attributed to the optimization of the electrostatic energy and conformational entropy with sacrificing the interfacial energy. This work can provide a new strategy to understand the supramolecular self-assembly as well as the mechanism behind the formation of complex hierarchical microstructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extinction coefficient of semiconductor nanocrystals is a key parameter for understanding both the quantum confinement and applications of the nanocrystals. The existing extinction coefficients of CdE (E = Se, S) nanocrystals were found to have an unacceptable deviation for the zinc-blende CdE quantum dots (QDs). The analysis reveals that, in addition to the interference of impurities, the commonly applied extinction coefficient per CdE nanocrystal is sensitive to the size, shape, and density of the surface ligands of nanocrystals. The extinction coefficient per CdE unit does not depend on accurate information of the size, shape, and number of surface ligands of the nanocrystals. A new three-step purification scheme was developed to investigate three classes of possible impurities for accurate determination of the extinction coefficient per CdE unit, including CdE clusters not considered previously. Given that the sole ligands of zinc-blende CdE nanocrystals are cadmium fatty acid salts (CdFa2), a universal formula for the nanocrystals can be written as (CdE)n(CdFa2)m. The n:m ratio was accurately determined for purified nanocrystals. The resulting extinction coefficients per unit for both CdSe and CdS QDs were found to decrease exponentially as the size of the QDs increases, with the corresponding bulk value as the large-size limit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]