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Purpose: To investigate the effect of different root canal filling materials on the change of failure of the endodontic treatment of necrotic primary teeth. Methods: A literature search was carried out in PubMed/MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Scopus databases, and grey literature up to July 2022 selecting randomised clinical trials related to research question. Two reviewers independently selected the studies, extracted the data, and assessed the bias risk. Root canal filling materials were grouped according to the main component [iodoform (IOD), calcium hydroxide (CAOH), zinc oxide (ZO) or mix (IOD plus CAOH plus ZO) pastes]. Pairwise and network meta-analyses using the mixed treatment comparisons method were performed to compare the number of events (failure) among treatments. Odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for calculated. Post-probabilities among treatments were also calculated and interpreted. Results: From 1186 potentially relevant studies, 17 were selected for full-text analysis, and 7 were included in the meta-analysis, totalizing 263 teeth. In the direct evidence, ZO pastes resulted in a higher chance of failure than IOD pastes (OR 7.07 95% CI 1.02, 62.59). In the indirect evidence, there was no difference between the materials. The IOD pastes presented a high probability (81%) of being the treatment associated to lowest number of failures among all treatments. The CAOH pastes presented the highest probability of being the worst option. Studies showed high bias risk. Conclusion: There is currently no scientific evidence of the superiority of any one root canal filling material for endodontic treatment of necrotic primary teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We review three Li problems. First, the Li problem in the Sun, for which some previous studies have argued that it may be Li-poor compared to other Suns. Second, we discuss the Li problem in planet hosting stars, which are claimed to be Li-poor when compared to field stars. Third, we discuss the cosmological Li problem, i.e. the discrepancy between the Li abundance in metal-poor stars (Spite plateau stars) and the predictions from standard Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. In all three cases we find that the “problems” are naturally explained by non-standard mixing in stars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to analyze the influence of different preconditioning treatments with either bovine serum albumin or cell culture medium of different dental metal alloys on human fibroblast cultures in the presence of such biomaterials as regards both cell proliferation rates and the expression of molecules constituting the extracellular matrix. Human fibroblasts (cell line Flow 2002) were cultured for 72 h in the presence of six single-phase dental casting alloys. The amount of Ag+ and Cu++ release into cell culture media was measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Incorporation of 5-bromodeoxyuridine, to investigate cell cycle, and the expression of fibronectin and chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans, to evaluate cell adhesion, were analyzed with an immunocytochemical approach and related to cytocompatibility of the different substrates. The immunocytochemical analysis were performed by fluorescence microscopy and further analyzed with an image analysis software. Preconditioning treatments for 72 h induced decreasing cytotoxicity of the tested alloys: indeed metal cation concentrations decreased in cell culture media in the presence of preconditioned dental metal alloys. Both cell proliferation rates and ECM-constituting molecule expression resulted higher when tested in the presence of preconditioned dental metal alloys. Therefore, it is reasonable that preconditioning treatments of dental alloys influenced their interactions with fibroblast cultures by increasing their cytocompatibility in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We discuss the physics potential and the experimental challenges of an upgraded LHC running at an instantaneous luminosity of 1035 cm-2s-1. The detector R&D needed to operate ATLAS and CMS in a very high radiation environment and the expected detector performance are discussed. A few examples of the increased physics potential are given, ranging from precise measurements within the Standard Model (in particular in the Higgs sector) to the discovery reach for several New Physics processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The NA50 experiment at CERN SPS has been equipped with a quartz Cherenkov detector to measure the charge of projectile-like fragments emitted in interactions of the lead beam of 158 AGeV with a lead target. A fission peak has been observed in the light output distribution of the fragment detector. The information provided by the NA50 zero-degree calorimeter indicates that fission occurs in extremely peripheral collisions, compatible (within the resolution of the detector) with electromagnetic interaction. The expected yield of Coulomb fission events in our experimental condition has been evaluated and turns out to be about 40% smaller than the observed one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

X-ray topography provides a very sensitive map of lattice mismatch between a HgCdTe LPE epitaxial layer and its (111) CdZnTe substrate. A well-defined Crosshatch pattern in the three «110» directions indicates a positive room-temperature lattice mismatch. For conditions of near-perfect lattice matching (±0.003% mismatch), the Crosshatch pattern disappears, presumably because there are few or no misfit dislocations present near the interface, and a region free of topographic contrast is observed. The crosshatch-free region occurs for a small positive room-temperature mismatch (about 0.02%); this is attributed to differences in the lattice matching condition at room temperature and the growth temperature. For negative mismatches, where the film is in tension, a mosaic pattern, rather than a crystallographically oriented Crosshatch, is observed in the topograph. Rocking curve full width at half maximum of the epitaxial layer is minimized in the crosshatch-free zone at a value nearly equal to that of the substrate. Etch pit density of the HgCdTe layer shows a strong minimum for perfect room temperature lattice matching, with values as low as 1 x 10 cm. For nearly lattice matched layers, Crosshatch is present throughout the thickness of the epitaxial layer except for a narrow graded-composition region near the substrate interface. Crosshatch contrast appears to result from long-range strain fields associated with a misfit dislocation network near the substrate interface. Spatial variations in topographic features and mismatch across relatively small lateral distances are caused by variations in substrate alloy composition. For truly lattice-matched substrates, better control over the substrate lattice parameter is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structural quality of CdTe(111)B substrates and MBE grown CdTe epilayers is examined with synchrotron white beam x-ray topography (SWBXT). Reflection SWBXT indicates that CdTe substrates with comparable x-ray double crystal rocking curve full width at half maximum values can have radically different defect microstructures, i.e. dislocation densities and the presence of inclusions. Dislocation mosaic structures delineated by SWBXT are consistent with the distribution of etch pits revealed by destructive chemical etch pit analysis. Direct one-to-one correspondence between distinct features of the topographic image and individual etch pits is demonstrated. Clearly resolved images of individual dislocations are obtained by carrying out transmission SWBXT. Our investigation demonstrates how, the extent of twinning in a CdTe epilayer is strongly influenced by the quality of the defect microstructure, and how dislocations propagate from an inclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To validate the TRISS method as an audit system on a group of patients with severe trauma admitted to an Italian general intensive care unit (ICU).Design: Prospective, cohort study of consecutive admissions to the ICU.Setting: A 6-bed general ICU in a 500-bed general hospital.Patients: 190 patients with severe trauma admitted from January 1992 to December 1993 were considered eligible. Patients lacking the data necessary to calculate the TRISS probability of survival, or for whom the ultimate outcome was unknown, were excluded. 162 patients were included in the study.Interventions: None.Outcome Measure: Vital status at discharge from the last hospital that admitted the patient for the trauma being considered.Results: The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit tests were: H = 16.9, df = 10, p = 0.076; C = 5.8, df = 10, p = 0.831; H 3.5, df = 3, p = 0.31. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.963 (SE +/- 0.019). Classification measures at a decision criterion of 0.5 were: sensitivity 0.857, specificity 0.964, positive predictive value 0.782, negative predictive value 0.978, total correct classification 0.950, and the Youden index 0.821. The positive likelihood ratio (LHR) was 24.17, whereas the negative LHR was 0.14.Conclusions: The results of the validation of the TRISS method showed adequate calibration and high discriminatory power in Italian ICU trauma patients also, allowing confidence in the use of this method as an audit tool in our ICU. Some caution is advisable in extending these results to patients with operable intracranial injuries, due to the relatively low number of such cases included in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]