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During the preparation of the treatment of the genus Lippia for the Flora do Brasil 2020 online project, dozens of names were found in need of typification or typification clarifications. In this context, lectotypes are designated for 18 names (L. asperrima, L. cordata, L. dracocephaloides, L. elliptica, L. florida, L. glabrescens, L. hederifolia, L. herbacea, L. hermannioides, L. hirta, L. iodophylla, L. maximiliani, L. microcephala, L. oxycnemis, L. primulina var. goyazensis, L. pseudothea, L. reticulata, and L. rhodocnemis), and a second-step lectotypification is made for L. aristata. A neotype is proposed for L. corymbosa, whereas the erroneous application of the term "holotype" is corrected to lectotype for the names L. pumila and L. turnerifolia. Furthermore, supporting information for the holotype of L. gardneriana is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Megalocytiviruses have a worldwide distribution, causing serious economic loss to the global aquaculture industry. They also present a threat to ornamental fish trade because megalocytiviral infections have unspecified symptoms, making early diagnosis difficult. In this study, 100 ornamental fish from 24 different species were tested by PCR for megalocytivirus, with a 47% positive rate being identified. Phylogenetic reconstruction, based on the major capsid protein (MCP) gene, clustered all Brazilian samples into a single clade, showing identity values ranging from 99% to 100% when compared to each other. This is the first report of megalocytivirus infection in some ornamental fish species in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work we revisit the MIT bag model to describe quark matter within both the usual Fermi-Dirac and the Tsallis statistics. We verify the effects of the non-additivity of the latter by analysing two different pictures: the first order phase transition of the QCD phase diagram and stellar matter properties. While the QCD phase diagram is visually affected by the Tsallis statistics, the resulting effects on quark star macroscopic properties are barely noticed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oceanic islands host a high proportion of the world's endemic species. Many such species are at risk of extinction owing to habitat degradation and loss, biological invasions and other threats, but little is known about the effects of climate change on island native biodiversity. The Azorean archipelago provides a unique opportunity to study species-climate-change relationships. We used ensemble forecasting to evaluate the current and future distribution of well-studied endemic and native bryophytes (19 species), endemic vascular plants (59 species) and endemic arthropods (128 species), for two of the largest Azorean Islands, Terceira and São Miguel. Using a Regional Climate Model (CIELO), and assuming the extreme scenario RCP8.5, we examined changes in the potential distributions of the species and possible loss of climate space for them. Models projected that 23 species (11 %) could lose all adequate climate on either one or both islands. Five additional species were projected to lose ≥90 % of climate space. In total, 90 % of the species were projected to lose climate space: 79 % of bryophytes, 93 % of vascular plants and 91 % of arthropods. We also found for vascular plants and arthropods a tendency for upward shift in altitude in their suitable climate space, while for bryophytes the shift was towards the coastal areas. Our results have profound implications for future conservation priorities on islands, such as for the redrawing of conservation borders of current protected areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The $$\epsilon$$-Depth ANT Explorer ( $$\epsilon$$-) algorithm applied to a multiple objective optimization problem is presented in this paper. This method is a hybridization of the ant colony optimization algorithm with a depth search procedure, putting together an oriented/limited depth search. A particular design of the pheromone set of rules is suggested for these kinds of optimization problems, which are an adaptation of the single objective case. Six versions with incremental features are presented as an evolutive path, beginning in a single colony approach, where no depth search is applied, to the final $$\epsilon$$-. Versions are compared among themselves in a set of instances of the multiple objective Traveling Salesman Problem. Finally, our best version of $$\epsilon$$- is compared with several established heuristics in the field showing some promising results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beneficial microorganisms for corals (BMCs), or probiotics, can enhance coral resilience against stressors in laboratory trials. However, the ability of probiotics to restructure the coral microbiome in situ is yet to be determined. As a first step to elucidate this, we inoculated putative probiotic bacteria (pBMCs) on healthy colonies of Pocillopora verrucosa in situ in the Red Sea, three times per week, during 3 months. pBMCs significantly influenced the coral microbiome, while bacteria of the surrounding seawater and sediment remained unchanged. The inoculated genera Halomonas, Pseudoalteromonas, and Bacillus were significantly enriched in probiotic-treated corals. Furthermore, the probiotic treatment also correlated with an increase in other beneficial groups (e.g., Ruegeria and Limosilactobacillus), and a decrease in potential coral pathogens, such as Vibrio. As all corals (treated and non-treated) remained healthy throughout the experiment, we could not track health improvements or protection against stress. Our data indicate that healthy, and therefore stable, coral microbiomes can be restructured in situ, although repeated and continuous inoculations may be required in these cases. Further, our study provides supporting evidence that, at the studied scale, pBMCs have no detectable off-target effects on the surrounding microbiomes of seawater and sediment near inoculated corals. Pioneering coral probiotics study shows in situ application reshapes the coral microbiome, boosting beneficial bacteria and reducing pathogens without affecting surrounding seawater and sediment microbiomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Primary osteosarcoma of the spine is a rare osseous tumour. En bloc resection, in contrast to intralesional resection, is the only procedure able to provide Enneking appropriate (EA) margins, which has improved local control and survival of patients with primary osteosarcoma of the spine. The objective of this study is to compare the risk of local recurrence, metastases development and survival in patients with primary osteosarcoma of the spine submitted to Enneking appropriate (EA) and Enneking inappropriate (EI) procedures.Methods: A systematic search was performed on EBSCO, PubMed and Web of Science, between 1966 and 2018, to identify studies evaluating patients submitted to resection of primary osteosarcoma of the spine. Two reviewers independently assessed all reports. The outcomes were local recurrence, metastases development and survival at 12, 24 and 60 months.Results: Five studies (108 patients) were included for systematic review. These studies support the conclusion that EA procedure has a lower local recurrence rate (RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.17-0.66), a lower metastases development rate (RR 0.39, 95% CI 0.17-0.89) and a higher survival rate at 24 months (RR 1.78, 95% CI 1.24-2.55) and 60 months (RR 1.97, 95% CI 1.14-3.42) of follow-up; however, at 12 months, there is a non-significant difference.Conclusions: EA procedure increases the ratio of remission and survival after 24 months of follow-up. Multidisciplinary oncologic groups should weigh the morbidity of an en bloc resection, knowing that in the first year the probability of survival is the same for EA and EI procedures. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wildlife trade is a major driver of biodiversity loss, yet whilst the impacts of trade in some species are relatively well-known, some taxa, such as many invertebrates are often overlooked. Here we explore global patterns of trade in the arachnids, and detected 1,264 species from 66 families and 371 genera in trade. Trade in these groups exceeds millions of individuals, with 67% coming directly from the wild, and up to 99% of individuals in some genera. For popular taxa, such as tarantulas up to 50% are in trade, including 25% of species described since 2000. CITES only covers 30 (2%) of the species potentially traded. We mapped the percentage and number of species native to each country in trade. To enable sustainable trade, better data on species distributions and better conservation status assessments are needed. The disparity between trade data sources highlights the need to expand monitoring if impacts on wild populations are to be accurately gauged and the impacts of trade minimised. Trade in arachnids includes millions of individuals and over 1264 species, with over 70% of individuals coming from the wild. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We identify four issues in the decision framework for species conservation management under climate change proposed by Shoo et al. () Clim Chan 119:239-246 and suggest ways to address them. First, binary-decision flow charts require Yes/No answers, which are not appropriate in most conservation decisions. A quantitative framework is preferable and action-guidance should be obtained even when the realistic answer to some questions remains 'we simply do not know'. Second, the proposed flow chart imposes an a priori order of precedence and does not explicitly allow simultaneous actions. A workable framework should enable optimal allocation between multiple kinds of conservation efforts and permit complementary actions. Third, the probability of success, co-benefit to non-target species, and cost are unlikely to have a simple, consistent relationship across taxa. These variables need to be assessed case-by-case for each conservation measure and species. Finally, the decision framework disregards the legal, social, and ethical aspects pertaining to decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bone giant cell tumors, although benign, may be locally aggressive and cause severe morbidity; in some cases, they can also disseminate at distance and cause death. Denosumab has been approved to treat unresectable bone giant cell tumors or when surgery is likely to result in severe morbidity. Furthermore, its curative potential has been recently suggested. Case: An 18-year-old girl presented with a spinal giant cell tumor at T9. Neo-adjuvant denosumab was administered for 9 months with great clinical and analytical tolerance. A posterior left T9 costo-transversectomy and vertebral body curettage was performed and the spine stabilized. Interestingly, histopathology examination of the surgical specimens found no evidence of tumoral cells. Denosumab was reinstated until completion of 12 months of treatment. Conclusion: Denosumab has an important but still limited role in the treatment of spinal giant cell tumors. Here, it resulted in complete histological resolution of the tumor, potentially widening its applicability from a strictly neo-adjuvant to a curative role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]