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Background: Several studies have investigated injuries of (pre-)professional ballet dancers, however most used a medical-attention and/or time-loss definition and did not analyse the prevalence of all health problems. The aim was to analyse the frequency and characteristics of all self-reported physical and mental health complaints (i.e. injuries, illnesses and mental health problems) of professional ballet dancers during one season. Methods: Three professional ballet companies were prospectively monitored weekly during one season with the Performing artist and Athlete Health Monitor (PAHM). Numerical rating scales (ranging 0–10) were used for severity of musculoskeletal pain, all health problems and impairment of the ability to dance at full potential in the previous seven days. If dancers rated the severity of their health problems or their impairment greater than 0, they were asked to answer specific questions on the characteristics of each health problem. Results: Over a period of 44 weeks, 57 dancers (57.9% female) filled in 1627 weekly reports (response rate of 64.9%), in which 1020 (62.7%) health problem were registered. The dancers reported musculoskeletal pain in 82.2% of the weeks. They felt that their ability to dance at their full potential was affected due to a health problem in about every second week (52.6%) or on at least 29.1% of the days documented in the weekly reports. Almost all dancers (96.5%) reported at least one injury, almost two thirds (64.9%) an illness and more than a quarter (28.1%) a mental health problem. On average, every dancer reported 5.6 health problems during the season. Most of the 320 health problems were injuries (73.1%), 16.9% illnesses and 10.0% mental health problems. Injuries affected mainly ankle, thigh, foot, and lower back and were mostly incurred during rehearsal (41.6%) or training (26.1%). The most frequent subjective reasons of injury were "too much workload" (35.3%), "tiredness/exhaustion" (n = 22.4%) and "stress/overload/insufficient regeneration" (n = 21.6%). Conclusion: Preventive interventions are urgently required to reduce the prevalence of health problems and especially injuries of professional dancers. Injury prevention measures should regard the balance of the load capacity of professional dancers and the workload in training, rehearsals and performances. Key Points: The prevalence of health problems is high: Almost all professional ballet dancers (97%) reported at least one injury, 65% an illness and 28% a mental health problem during one season. Health problems have substantial impact: On at least 29% of the days documented in the weekly reports, the dancers were not able to dance at full potential due to a health problem. Many injuries seem to be preventable: Half of the injuries occur during training (26%) or rehearsal run-through (23%) and the most frequent reasons were "too much workload" (35%), "tiredness / exhaustion" (n=22%) and "stress / overload / insufficient regeneration" (22%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic dramatically impacted the delivery of hospital care in terms of quality and safety. Objectives: To examine complaints from two time points, quarter 4 (Q4) 2019 (pre-pandemic) and Q4 2020 (second wave), and explore whether there was a difference in the frequency and/or content of complaints. Methods: A retrospective analysis of complaints from one Irish hospital was conducted using the Healthcare Complaints Analysis Tool (HCAT). Within each complaint, the content, severity, harm reported by the patient, and stage of care were categorised. The complaints were analysed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests of independence. Results: There were 146 complaints received in Q4 2019 and 114 in Q4 2020. Complaint severity was significantly higher in Q4 2019 as compared to Q4 2020. However, there were no other significant differences. Institutional processes (e.g. staffing, resources) were the most common reason for complaints (30% in Q4 2019 and 36% in Q4 2020). The majority of complaints were concerned with care on the ward (23% in Q4 2019 and 31% in Q4 2020). Conclusions: The severity of complaints was significantly higher in Q4 2019 than in Q4 2020, which requires further exploration as the reasons for this are unclear. The lack of a difference in the frequency and content of complaints during the two time periods was unexpected. However, this may be linked to a number of factors, including public support for the healthcare system, existing system-level issues in the hospital, or indeed increased staff collaboration in the context of the COVID-19 crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The nose is one of the most prominent parts of the face and plays a significant role in peoples' self-satisfaction as well as quality of life. Rhinoplasty is considered as one of the most numerous and delicate cosmetic surgeries all around the world that can be performed for functional issues, esthetic issues, or both. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the dissatisfaction of patients who had undergone rhinoplasty surgery and inform the surgeons to improve the surgical techniques to prevent probable future complaints. Method: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to report various aspects of dissatisfaction of patients following rhinoplasty. All available files in the Fars Forensic Medicine Department between 2011 and 2020 were reviewed, and the required information was extracted. Results: Out of 117 patients, 68.4% were females and 31.6% were males. Most of the patients were in the age range of 30–34 years. In terms of educational attainment, the highest frequency is associated with academically educated patients and the lowest with a diploma. The majority of cases filed for litigation less than 6 months after their rhinoplasty. The first rank among the factors of dissatisfaction with surgeries belonged to "respiratory problems" (36.8%) followed by "dissatisfaction with the general shape of the nose" (34.2%). Conclusion: Our study shows that middle-aged female patients may be more difficult to satisfy. In general, at younger ages, patients complain about esthetics, and with aging, most patients feel dissatisfied with nasal function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Evaluate the impact of body-worn cameras (BWCs) on officer-initiated activity, arrests, use of force, and complaints. Methods: We use instrumental variable analysis to examine the impact of BWC assignment and BWC activation on the outcomes of individual incidents through a randomized controlled trial of 436 officers in the Phoenix Police Department. Results: Incidents involving BWC activations were associated with a lower likelihood of officer-initiated contacts and complaints, but a greater likelihood of arrests and use of force. BWC assignment alone was unrelated to arrests or complaints; however, incidents involving officers who were assigned and activated their BWC were significantly more likely to result in an arrest and less likely to result in a complaint. Conclusions: Future researchers should account for BWC activation to better estimate the effects of BWCs on officer behavior. To maximize the effects of BWCs, police agencies should ensure that officers are complying with activation policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Several weeks after COVID-19 infection, some children report the persistence or recurrence of functional complaints. This clinical presentation has been referred as "long COVID" in the adult population, and an [18F]-FDG brain PET hypometabolic pattern has recently been suggested as a biomarker. Herein, we present a retrospective analysis of 7 paediatric patients with suspected long COVID who were explored by [18F]-FDG brain PET exam. Metabolic brain findings were confronted to those obtained in adult patients with long COVID, in comparison to their respective age-matched control groups. Methods: Review of clinical examination and whole-brain voxel-based analysis of [18F]-FDG PET metabolism of the 7 children in comparison to 21 paediatric controls, 35 adult patients with long COVID and 44 healthy adult subjects. Results: Despite lower initial severity at the acute stage of the infection, paediatric patients demonstrated on average 5 months later a similar brain hypometabolic pattern as that found in adult long COVID patients, involving bilateral medial temporal lobes, brainstem and cerebellum (p-voxel < 0.001, p-cluster < 0.05 FWE-corrected), and also the right olfactory gyrus after small volume correction (p-voxel = 0.010 FWE-corrected), with partial PET recovery in two children at follow-up. Conclusion: These results provide arguments in favour of possible long COVID in children, with a similar functional brain involvement to those found in adults, regardless of age and initial severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In the context of the worldwide outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), some patients report functional complaints after apparent recovery from COVID-19. This clinical presentation has been referred as "long COVID." We here present a retrospective analysis of 18F-FDG brain PET of long COVID patients from the same center with a biologically confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and persistent functional complaints at least 3 weeks after the initial infection. Methods: PET scans of 35 patients with long COVID were compared using whole-brain voxel-based analysis to a local database of 44 healthy subjects controlled for age and sex to characterize cerebral hypometabolism. The individual relevance of this metabolic profile was evaluated to classify patients and healthy subjects. Finally, the PET abnormalities were exploratory compared with the patients' characteristics and functional complaints. Results: In comparison to healthy subjects, patients with long COVID exhibited bilateral hypometabolism in the bilateral rectal/orbital gyrus, including the olfactory gyrus; the right temporal lobe, including the amygdala and the hippocampus, extending to the right thalamus; the bilateral pons/medulla brainstem; the bilateral cerebellum (p-voxel < 0.001 uncorrected, p-cluster < 0.05 FWE-corrected). These metabolic clusters were highly discriminant to distinguish patients and healthy subjects (100% correct classification). These clusters of hypometabolism were significantly associated with more numerous functional complaints (brainstem and cerebellar clusters), and all associated with the occurrence of certain symptoms (hyposmia/anosmia, memory/cognitive impairment, pain and insomnia) (p < 0.05). In a more preliminary analysis, the metabolism of the frontal cluster which included the olfactory gyrus was worse in the 7 patients treated by ACE drugs for high blood pressure (p = 0.032), and better in the 3 patients that had used nasal decongestant spray at the infectious stage (p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study demonstrates a profile of brain PET hypometabolism in long COVID patients with biologically confirmed SARS-CoV-2 and persistent functional complaints more than 3 weeks after the initial infection symptoms, involving the olfactory gyrus and connected limbic/paralimbic regions, extended to the brainstem and the cerebellum. These hypometabolisms are associated with patients' symptoms, with a biomarker value to identify and potentially follow these patients. The hypometabolism of the frontal cluster, which included the olfactory gyrus, seems to be linked to ACE drugs in patients with high blood pressure, with also a better metabolism of this olfactory region in patients using nasal decongestant spray, suggesting a possible role of ACE receptors as an olfactory gateway for this neurotropism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper charts the development over the course of the works of Edmund Spenser about ideas about patronage, specifically the patron's obligations to the poet. This survey shows that Spenser's earlier works (published before the mid-1590s) value material gain as the primary reward of patronage, while the later works prioritize protection from enemies over material reward. This aligns well with the changes in Spenser's circumstances. The works appearing in the mid-1590s onward were written at a time when Spenser expressed concerns about Lord Burghley's hostility towards him and the peril that the Irish posed to his accumulated land and wealth in Ireland. Accordingly, the later works focus on the need for patron to protect the poet from hostile aristocrats and warlike savages. This survey upends widespread critical assumptions that material gain was the only patronal reward valued by early modern English poets. It also establishes protection, usually assumed to be a meaninglessly conventional request from poets, to be a substantial goal sought from patrons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Primary rhinoplasty outcomes may not meet individual expectations. Consequently, reoperation may be advocated to improve results. This study examines the prevalence of individuals considering revision rhinoplasty, while identifying the main cosmetic and functional complaints and factors associated. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Saudi Arabia using a self-reported online questionnaire distributed through social media channels. The sample included 1370 participants who were all Saudi nationals over the age of 16 who had undergone primary rhinoplasty at least 1 year prior. Results: The prevalence of individuals considering revision rhinoplasty was 44.7%. The primary reason for considering it was the desire for further esthetic improvement in an already acceptable result (50.16%). The most common cosmetic complaints subjectively reported were poorly defined nasal tip (32.35%). The most prevalent nasal function symptom was nasal obstruction (56.9%). Significant factors associated with considering revision rhinoplasty included the physician not understanding the patient's complaints, short consultation time, low monthly income, inadequate information about the expected results, not using computer imaging to predict outcomes, lack of rapport with the surgeon, and inadequate information about the risks and complications. Conclusions: A thorough understanding of patient concerns and expectations, as well as thoughtful consideration of risk factors, may help surgeons achieve more successful outcomes and potentially reduce the incidence of revision rhinoplasties. Level of evidence: III [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Understanding air quality impacts caused by smoke from wildland fire is a major concern in the western USA. The objectives of this paper were to examine news releases, news reports, and public nuisance complaints about smoke impacts caused by forest fires to determine if these different media sources were accurate indicators of wildland fire impacts to daily air quality from 2008 to 2013. Our findings suggest that media and complaints are poorly correlated to smoke impacts to air quality and should not be used as a proxy to establish days where air quality is impacted by smoke from forest fires. With the exception of 2008, media sources failed in accurately capturing ground level smoke impacts. Media sources were found to predict a smoke impact to air quality 32% of the time, while nuisance complaints predicted 15%. Successful smoke management and wildland fire policy should include a more consistently accurate message of smoke impacts. The majority of the smoke observed in Fresno originated from northern California forest fires and on a few days from forests south of the San Joaquin Valley (SJV). Urban cities in the SJV should be concern with land management strategies outside their air basin jurisdiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Globally, there is an expansion in computer-related work, which may have contributed to an increased burden of complaints of the arm, neck and/or shoulder (CANS). The study was conducted to determine the prevalence and factors associated with CANS among computer office workers (OWs) in Alexandria. Participants and Methods: Computer OWs at four banks and two telecommunication companies (n=211) were included in a cross-sectional study in 2016. Data were collected using the self-administered Musculoskeletal Upper Extremity Questionnaire-Arabic version. Potentially related factors were examined using bivariate and multivariate analyses. Results: The sample comprised 95 (45.02%) males and 116 (54.97%) females. Overall, 72% aged 25-35 years. Prevalence with 95% confidence interval (CI) for CANS was 0.73 (95% CI: 0.66-0.79), 0.69 (95% CI: 0.62-0.75) and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.64-0.76), respectively. The majority of the complaints were minor (86%). Factors significantly associated with neck complaints were female sex (P=0.03), inappropriate office equipment (P=0.02), task complexity (P<0.01), break autonomy (P=0.02) and low decision authority (P=0.05). Factors significantly associated with arm/hand complaints were female sex (P=0.01), awkward body posture (P=0.05), break autonomy (P<0.01) and low break quality (P=0.04). Conclusion: The study revealed high prevalence of CANS and highlighted associated factors, namely, task complexity, inappropriate office equipment, low decision authority, low break quality and female sex. Improving ergonomic conditions, reducing job demands, and increasing job control are crucial to reduce CANS among computer OWs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We try to identify the unknown source of air pollution caused by unknown substance. We do it using only complaints on odor submitted by population living in the ∼20 × 30-km area. We test all possible locations of pollution source on the grid with 1-km spacing covering the area. For each virtual location, we perform the dispersion modeling using AERMOD with meteorological data from three nearest stations. We assume a low, ambient temperature area source with unit emission rate. The space-time array of concentrations is correlated with the analogous array of complaints, and the best correlated source position is chosen. We performed extensive experimentation with data processing options to obtain the best spatially focused correlation hotspot. This included filtering the moments of time used for correlation, quantizing the complaint numbers and concentrations, and finding the best time lag between concentrations and complaints. The best lag was 3 h in total or 1 h added to propagation time from source to receptor. The resulting focus is 1-2 km wide, positioned exactly on an active landfill. We estimate this accuracy as very good, better than warranted by the quality of source data. This demonstrates the possibility of obtaining a good focus for the location of an unknown source even from very imperfect data. The technique applied can be useful in many situations where the inventory of air pollution sources is incomplete, especially in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Gefaesschirurgie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

According to the widely held anti-aggregation principle, it is wrong to save a larger number of people from minor harms rather than a smaller number from much more serious harms. This principle is a central part of many influential and anti-utilitarian ethical theories. According to the sequential-dominance principle, one does something wrong if one knowingly performs a sequence of acts whose outcome would be worse for everyone than the outcome of an alternative sequence of acts. The intuitive appeal of the sequential-dominance principle should be obvious; everyone is knowingly made worse off if it is violated. In this paper, I present a number of cases where one is forced to violate either the anti-aggregation principle or the sequential-dominance principle. I show that these principles conflict regardless of whether one accepts a counterfactual or a temporal, worsening view of harm. Moreover, I show that this result holds regardless of how much worse a harm has to be in order to count as a much more serious harm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postoperative sore throat (POST) is one of the main postoperative complaints. This study was to evaluate the efficacy of budesonide inhalation suspension (BIS) in reducing the incidence and severity of POST. One hundred and twenty patients scheduled for thyroid surgery with general anesthesia were enrolled and randomized into three groups. Group A received 200 mcg BIS 10 min prior to the tracheal intubation and received the same treatment 6 and 24 h after extubation. Group B received 200 mcg BIS 6 and 24 h after extubation. Control group received the same scheduled treatment as Group A, but the BIS was replaced with 2 ml normal saline. The patients were evaluated for sore throat and hoarseness 1, 24 and 48 h after extubation. The status of laryngopharynx was also recorded. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of sore throat among three groups. However, hoarseness occurred significantly less frequently in Group A ( P < 0.05). One hour after extubation, Group A exhibited significantly less severe sore throat and hoarseness compared to the other two groups ( P < 0.05), which disappeared 24 h later. The mucositis scores of laryngopharynx at 1, 24 and 48 h post-extubation were significantly lower in Group A ( P < 0.05). BIS can reduce the incidence and severity of the POST prophylactically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article summarizes the physical and psychological problems that can befall performing artists and aims to provide an insight into their prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quality in health care has traditionally been dominated by medical profession, where patients' opinions were labelled as lay evaluation. Patients' views and opinions are important because they give us an insight into dimensions of quality that are not evaluated by medical profession and often seem to be more important. In health care quantitative methodology is often used to address these quality dimensions and introduce patients' views and opinions. There are various benefits using quantitative research instruments, such as a detailed analysis of the importance of various quality dimensions for patients and an analysis of factors influencing patients' satisfaction. On the other hand serious deficiencies can be tackled too, that are usually dealt with qualitative research instruments, because they go deeper into people's motives and feelings. However, health care service is specific-it is very important to patients (health is one of the most important values), but their participation in health care service is rather low. They also don't always say and do what they mean. In such a context combination of quantitative and qualitative research instrument does not give satisfactory answers. The importance of complaints is stressed and rewards for taking them seriously and acting upon them is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Physicians' mental health can be affected by unreasonable demands and complaints made by patients. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the association between depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation among physicians working in hospitals in Japan and unreasonable patient demands and complaints. Methods: We sent an anonymous questionnaire to 10,000 randomly selected physicians working at hospitals who were members of the Japan Medical Association. The anonymous self-report questionnaire sought to determine the number of unreasonable demands and complaints made by patients or their family members reported by physicians in the previous 6 months. Depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation were measured using the Japanese version of the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS). Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the associations of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation with reported unreasonable demands and complaints. Results: Among the 3,864 respondents, men (46.3%) reported experiencing unreasonable patient demands and complaints more frequently than women (40.4%). Depressive symptoms were indicated in 8.3% of men and 10.5% of women, and 5.7% of men and 5.8% women were determined to exhibit suicidal ideation. The number of unreasonable demands and complaints in the previous 6 months was significantly associated with depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation for both men and women ( P for trend <0.01). Conclusions: Physicians should recognize the health risks of unreasonable demands and complaints, and hospitals should provide support for physicians dealing with these stressors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern quality standards for laboratories recommend the use of customer feedback in quality improvement. Spontaneous customer feedback is one method to obtain information from customers. In the present study, we analysed the feedback data from external customers (health centres and other hospitals) to our university hospital laboratory during 2001–2006. The most common subject matters of the feedback, covering 87% of a total of 95 reports, were lacking test results, suspicion of the validity of test results, return of samples in transportation boxes to customers and delays in service. On investigation, errors or defects were revealed in 78 cases. The most common errors were lacking (45 cases; 58%), erroneous (20 cases; 26%) or delayed test results (7 cases; 9%). As much as 68% of these errors took place in the pre-analytical phase of the laboratory process, occurring most commonly during specimen transfer, when entering orders into the laboratory information system at the university hospital or during sample processing. The most common underlying causes for errors were unintended errors and non-compliance with operating instructions. Latent errors were identified in 14% of the cases. Corrective actions were performed in 79% of the reported cases. It is important that the feedback reports are investigated to find out possible errors and their underlying causes so that appropriate corrective actions can be taken. When processed properly, spontaneous customer feedback is a method that can be used supplementarily to other methods to detect errors and defects in clinical laboratories and to aid in quality improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction This study aims to investigate the relationship between work-related physical and psychosocial characteristics and complaints of the neck, shoulder and forearm/hands. Methods Data were used from a prospective Dutch cohort study among computer office workers with a follow-up period of 2 years. The study was conducted among 264 computer users. Physical and psychosocial risk factors were tested to predict the occurrence of neck, shoulder and forearm/hands complaints. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the association between risk factors and outcome variables. Results The 2 year follow-up prevalence rates with 95% CI for neck complaints were 0.31 (0.28–0.37), for shoulder complaints 0.33 (0.27–0.39) and for forearm/hands complaints 0.21 (0.14–0.28). Four main predictors for the occurrence of neck and shoulder complaints were identified: (1) Irregular head and body posture [OR: 1.1 (1.0–1.2) P = 0.04]; (2) task difficulty (job demands) [OR: 1.2 (1.0–1.5) P = 0.01]; (3) number of working hours/day with the computer [OR: 1.20 (1.0–1.4) P = 0.03]; and (4) having had a previous history of complaints [OR: 7.2 (3.8–13.2) P = 0.01]. Two predictors were identified for forearm/hands complaints: time pressure (job demands) [OR: 1.20 (1.0–1.4) P = 0.03] and having had a previous history of complaints [OR: 7.1 (3.5–14.1) P = 0.06]. Conclusion This longitudinal study suggests that risk factors of upper musculoskeletal complaints in computer workers consist of a mixture of physical and psychosocial characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to encourage a new stream of research into complaints and the role of the chief executive officer (CEO). The objectives of this paper were firstly to assess the intensity of dissatisfaction driving customers to complain directly to the CEO and secondly to ascertain if the reasons for complaining to the CEO were different to those of complainants using ‘normal’ channels. A leading financial services company in the UK provided access to its complaint letters and its CEO. Based on analysis of a sample of 100 letters sent to the CEO and 100 standard complaint letters, it was found that customers complaining directly to the CEO have a significantly greater intensity of dissatisfaction. However, unexpectedly, despite the greater positional power of the CEO, the reasons for complaining to the CEO were little different to the reasons for using the ‘normal’ channels. Interestingly most of the complainants to the CEO had multiple reasons for complaint suggesting that complaints to the CEO are motivated by multiple underlying service failures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The aim was to investigate the influence of age and gender on quality of life (QoL), complaints, and the presence and nature of self-reported diseases in persons aged 75 and older with cancer (n = 150), compared to a matched group without cancer (n = 138). A second aim was to investigate factors associated with poor QoL in people aged 75 and older. QoL was measured with Short Form (SF-12) and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-30). The study showed that the cancer group had lower (poorer) scores in different domains of QoL, more complaints, and more self-reported diseases than the group without cancer. In both groups, oldest old persons had more complaints than the youngest old. The cancer group had significantly more complaints than the noncancer group. In the youngest old, the cancer group had significantly more complaints than the comparison group. Women with cancer reported the poorest QoL compared to men with cancer and women without cancer. Receiving help for daily living from others and degree of complaints were associated with poor QoL for both the physical and mental component scores (PCS, MCS) of the SF-12. Thus, caregivers should be aware that the most vulnerable cancer patients are women, and that the complaints by cancer patients have implications for QoL especially among the youngest old. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Between 1982 and 1989, the Houston Police Department was committed to forming partnerships with the community as part of its strategy to improve police service to the city. Using complaint data from the Internal Affairs Divisions of the Houston Police Department, this research examines whether officers assigned to areas of the city that implemented community policing have fewer complaints than other officers. The results showed that officers working in areas where community policing had been implemented received significantly fewer complaints than officers working in other areas. An exception was complaints for criminal behavior, which increased. The results suggest that models of community policing that focus on creating community partnerships have the potential to reduce tension between the police and the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the safety inspections conducted by the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Inspections conducted by OSHA are the primary enforcement tool for assuring employer compliance with safety standards. Safety inspections are conducted with no prior notice given to employers. Both employer and employee groups may designate a representative to accompany the OSHA inspector. After the inspection, citations may be issued for violations of standards. Citations include the determination of appropriate penalties and an abatement period, the period of time during which the employer must correct the violations. The employer has the option of complying with the citation or contesting it. The degree to which programmed inspections differ from complaint-investigated inspections has not been addressed in previous research, although the inspection process has been shown to vary by size of firm and by whether or not the work site is unionized. OSHA has been criticized for its inability to enforce safety standards, and Congress has been debating reforms and new legislation with respect to occupational safety over the last few years.

This prospective study was designed to evaluate the immediate postoperative course and long-term efficacy of septal stents. In 20 patients who underwent primary septorhinoplasty, Doyle 11 silicone stents were inserted bilaterally parallel to the septum. The stents were removed after an average of 3.3 days. A hollow tube was designed into this particular stent in an attempt to minimize patients discomfort from nasal airway obstruction. Subjective ratings of airway improvement were very similar for patients whose septums were supported with nasal stents and for those patients from our 1989 study whose noses were treated with nasal packing. However, the number of patients who complained about discomfort was substantially higher in the stent group, 60% (12 of 20), compared with the nasal packing group, 22% (5 of 23 patients) ( p < 0.05). The percentage of partial residual or recurrent septal deviation was also slightly higher in the stent group, 25% (5 of 20), than in the packing group, 13% (3 of 23 patients), but this was not statistically significant ( p > 0.50). The alar base incision was partially dehisced during removal of the stent in one patient, in spite of a routine reduction in the width of the splint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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