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Background: Breastand reductions mastopexies continue to rank among the most frequently performed plastic surgical procedures worldwide. While there exists a consensus on several aspects of the procedure, a plethora of controversies remain. This study aims to compare the most relevant peri- and intra-operative factors on an international level to standardize this common procedure according to evidence-based guidelines. Methods: A questionnaire was sent to over five thousand surgeons in 77 countries. The survey was divided into three categories according to the volume of removed breast tissue (50–500 g, 500–1000 g, and > 1000 g) and inquired about standard practices, secondary procedures, use of new technologies, current controversies, and surgeon demographics. The results were evaluated and correlated with evidence-based literature. Results: A total of 1431 surveys were gathered, corresponding to a response rate of 29%. It was found that specific surgical approaches and standard practices prevail on an international basis. Still, there exist controversies that seem to be linked to geographic locations. For instance, irrespective of resection weight, in the majority of countries, a superior or superomedial pedicle is used most frequently, while in North America and South East Asia, the inferior-based pedicle is preferred. Conclusions: We identified common traits in several aspects of breast reduction surgery. However, in this study, it became apparent that international practice patterns remain incoherent. Seen from a global perspective, plastic surgeons would thus still benefit from high-quality studies to further establish evidence-based, standardized, and universally applicable practice guidelines. Level of Evidence: Not gradable [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the efficacy of psychological interventions (PI) in patients with breast hyperplasia (BH). In total 120 BH patients who were treated in the Third Affiliated Hospital of the Third Military Medical University were randomly divided into PI group ( n = 40; treated with oral XiaoYao Pill and psychological interventions), anti-anxiety/depression medication (AADM) group ( n = 40; treated with oral XiaoYao Pill and paroxetine), and control group ( n = 40; treated with oral XiaoYao Pill) and the treatment lasted for 1 year. Before the treatment and 4, 8, and 12 months after the initiation of treatment, the changes in the psychological indicators were measured using Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), and Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ), as well as the physiological indicators including estradiol, prolactin, and progesterone were determined. The overall response rates were evaluated at the end of the treatment, and the relapse rates were calculated during the 1-year follow-up. The HAMD and HAMA scores were declined in all three groups. The scores of TAS and WCQ negative coping subscales showed a declining trend after treatment for the AADM and PI groups. Compared to the control and PI groups, the HAMA and HAMD scores were significantly lower in the AADM group 4, 8, and 12 months after the initiation of treatment ( P < 0.05). The scores of TAS and WCQ negative coping subscales were significantly lower in AADM group but were significantly higher than those in PI group and lower than the control group 4, 8, and 12 months after the initiation of treatment ( P < 0.05). The HAMA and HAMD scores were significantly lower in PI group than in control group 4, 8, and 12 months after the initiation of treatment ( P < 0.05). After the initiation of treatment, the estradiol and prolactin levels decreased while the progesterone levels increased in all three groups. Compared with the control group and AADM group, the PI group had significantly higher estradiol and prolactin levels and higher progesterone levels 4, 8, and 12 months after the initiation of treatment ( P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the AADM group had significantly lower levels of estradiol and prolactin and higher progesterone levels 4, 8, and 12 months after the initiation of treatment ( P < 0.05). The overall response rate was not significantly different for both PI group and AADM group ( P > 0.05), while the relapse rate was significantly lower in the PI group than the control and AADM groups ( P < 0.05). However, the relapse rate did not significantly differ between the control group and AADM group ( P > 0.05). PI can effectively improve the psychological status of BH patients and restore the disordered endocrine system. The efficacy lasts for long and the relapse rate is lower. Therefore, it could be an effective method for treating BH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pectus excavatum deformity is the most frequent congenital anomaly of the thoracic wall. If the invasive surgical procedures of thoracoplasty are not indicated or the patient refuses them, alternative treatment options should be considered. In such cases, local or distant transposition of autologous tissue could be appropriate. This report presents a selected case of funnel chest deformity and concomitant unilateral breast hyperplasia. Both deformities were corrected simultaneously using a pedicled internal mammary artery perforator (IMAP) flap dissected from the hyperplastic breast. This is a safe, reliable, low-morbidity, one-stage option for adult women that uses an easy-to-harvest flap for simultaneous correction of mild funnel chest deformity and concomitant breast hyperplasia with a single resulting scar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study contains 163 patients who underwent a reduction mammaplasty at the Karolinska Hospital during 1991-1992. Seventy patients were operated on using the Lejour short scar technique (superovertical pedicle) and 93 using the Strömbeck method (medial pedicle). The aim of this study was to compare the results of these two different methods with regard to scar formation, position and sensation in the nipple areola complex, postoperative complications, healing conditions, shape and volume symmetry of the breasts and patient satisfaction. An objective method [20] was used for assessment of postoperative breast asymmetry. Advantages and disadvantages of both methods are presented. The incidence of early complications was low in both groups, compared with the data presented in the literature, but Strömbeck's method was found to be superior in some respects because of fewer early postoperative complications, shorter healing period and better breast symmetry postoperatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]