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Abstract Decades of techno-economic energy policymaking and research have meant evidence from the Social Sciences and Humanities (SSH)—including critical reflections on what changing a society’s relation to energy (efficiency) even means—have been underutilised. In particular, (i) the SSH have too often been sidelined and/or narrowly pigeonholed by policymakers, funders, and other decision-makers when driving research agendas, and (ii) the setting of SSH-focused research agendas has not historically embedded inclusive and deliberative processes. The aim of this paper is to address these gaps through the production of a research agenda outlining future SSH research priorities for energy efficiency. A Horizon Scanning exercise was run, which sought to identify 100 priority SSH questions for energy efficiency research. This exercise included 152 researchers with prior SSH expertise on energy efficiency, who together spanned 62 (sub-)disciplines of SSH, 23 countries, and a full range of career stages. The resultant questions were inductively clustered into seven themes as follows: (1) Citizenship, engagement and knowledge exchange in relation to energy efficiency; (2) Energy efficiency in relation to equity, justice, poverty and vulnerability; (3) Energy efficiency in relation to everyday life and practices of energy consumption and production; (4) Framing, defining and measuring energy efficiency; (5) Governance, policy and political issues around energy efficiency; (6) Roles of economic systems, supply chains and financial mechanisms in improving energy efficiency; and (7) The interactions, unintended consequences and rebound effects of energy efficiency interventions. Given the consistent centrality of energy efficiency in policy programmes, this paper highlights that well-developed SSH approaches are ready to be mobilised to contribute to the development, and/or to understand the implications, of energy efficiency measures and governance solutions. Implicitly, it also emphasises the heterogeneity of SSH policy evidence that can be produced. The agenda will be of use for both (1) those new to the energy-SSH field (including policyworkers), for learnings on the capabilities and capacities of energy-SSH, and (2) established energy-SSH researchers, for insights on the collectively held futures of energy-SSH research.

A single crystal of guérinite from the Plaka Mine, Lavrion, Greece, was examined by X-ray diffraction. The mineral crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with unit cell parameters a = 17.628 (2), b = 6.728 (1), c = 23.384 (3) Å, β = 90.68 (1)°, V = 2773.4 (6) Å3. The originally reported mineral formula Ca5(HAsO4)2(AsO4)2∙9H2O, Z = 5 should be revised to Ca6(HAsO4)3(AsO4)2∙10.5H2O, Z = 4. Accordingly, guérinite is no longer considered a polymorph to ferrarisite. The structure is characterized by complex layers consisting of corner- and edge sharing of CaOn (n = 7, 8) polyhedra and arsenate groups. The connection between these units is achieved exclusively via hydrogen bonding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concentration of 222Rn, was measured in a house in Niška Banja town. The continuous radon monitor was used for measurements with standard uncertainty of 3%. The measurement of ambient dose equivalent rate, H*(10), was also performed, with standard uncertainty of 10%, using a dosimeter programmed for continuous radiation detection. The highest radon concentration was as much as being 7300 Bq/m3. A maximum value of H*(10) of 0.885 µSv/h was obtained. The variation of H*(10) almost linearly follows the changes in the concentration of 222Rn. The corresponding effective dose was as much as 74.30 mSv per year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the development of a methodology for monitoring the part machining process on CNC machine tools using a virtual machine model in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. The focus is on monitoring the components of cutting forces that occur during the milling process. A vertical milling machine was used for model validation. By integrating the existing cutting force model and the virtual machine model in MATLAB/Simulink, the visualization of real-time cutting force values, which depend on the change of the current engagement map along the programmed toolpath, is enabled. The development of the presented simulation environment forms the basis for the implementation of new functions in G-code, contributing to the stability and optimization of the machining process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dermatophytes represent the largest and most common group of fungal infections, impacting 25% of the global population. Among them, Trichophyton rubrum has emerged as the predominant species, responsible for a range of conditions such as tinea corporis, tinea pedis, onychomycosis, tinea cruris, and tinea manuum. Although dermatophyte incidence varies geographically, there is a noticeable rise in cases caused by T. indotineae, a strain that exhibits resistance to terbinafine. In the past decade zoophilic dermatophyte T. mentagophytes genotype VII (now known as T. interdigitale) gains a growing importance, due to its increasing frequency, the severity of the clinical manifestation and mode of transmission. Tinea infections present with various clinical symptoms and can affect individuals of all ages, from tinea pedis in adults to tinea capitis in children. Among adults globally, tinea unguium (onychomycosis) is the most common form of dermatophytosis, affecting 5.5% of the general population. Tinea unguium is more frequently seen in developed countries, while tinea capitis is more common in developing nations. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in cases of tinea faciei, likely due to prolonged mask-wearing. Terbinafine remains the preferred treatment for dermatophyte infections worldwide due to its potent fungicidal properties, minimal risk of drug interactions, and fewer side effects compared to other oral antifungals. Itraconazole and terbinafine appear to be equally effective and safe for treating tinea cruris and tinea corporis. However, the rising resistance of dermatophytes to these antifungal drugs, along with frequent recurrences of dermatophytosis in certain regions, is becoming a significant public health concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ageing is a complex biological process with variations among individuals, leading to the development of ageing clocks to estimate biological age. Glycans, particularly in immunoglobulin G (IgG), have emerged as potential biomarkers of ageing, with changes in glycosylation patterns correlating with chronological age. For precision analysis, three different plasma pools were analysed over 26 days in tetraplicates, 312 samples in total. In short-term variability analysis, two cohorts were analysed: AstraZeneca MFO cohort of 26 healthy individuals (median age 20) and a cohort of 70 premenopausal Chinese women (median age 22.5) cohort monitored over 3 months. Long-term variability analysis involved two adult men aged 47 and 57, monitored for 5 and 10 years, respectively. Samples were collected every 3 months and 3 weeks, respectively. IgG N-glycan analysis followed a standardized approach by isolating IgG, its subsequent denaturation and deglycosylation followed by glycan cleanup and labelling. Capillary gel electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence (CGE-LIF) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography analyses were employed for glycan profiling. Statistical analysis involved normalization, batch correction, and linear mixed models to assess time effects on derived glycan traits. The intermediate precision results consistently exhibited very low coefficient of variation values across all three test samples. This consistent pattern underscores the high level of precision inherent in the CGE method for analysing the glycan clock of ageing. The AstraZeneca MFO cohort did not show any statistically significant trends, whereas the menstrual cycle cohort exhibited statistically significant trends in digalactosylated (G2), agalactosylated (G0) and fucosylation (F). These trends were attributed to the effects of the menstrual cycle. Long-term stability analysis identified enduring age-related trends in both subjects, showing a positive time effect in G0 and bisected N-acetylglucosamine, as well as a negative time effect in G2 and sialylation, aligning with earlier findings. Time effects measured for monogalactosylation, and F remained substantially lower than ones observed for other traits. The study found that IgG N-glycome analysis using CGE-LIF exhibited remarkably high intermediate precision. Moreover, the study highlights the short- and long-term stability of IgG glycome composition, coupled with a notable capacity to adapt and respond to physiological changes and environmental influences such as hormonal changes, disease, and interventions. The discoveries from this study propel personalized medicine forward by deepening our understanding of how IgG glycome relates to age-related health concerns. This study underscores the reliability of glycans as a biomarker for tracking age-related changes and individual health paths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce new plane curves, i.e. Cassinian focal-directorial curves as curves of a transitory type, of Cassinian multidirectorial curves as counterpart to Cassinian multifocal curves; and demonstrate their geometric genesis, and their form variation for special choices of foci and directrices. The form variation of Cassinian focal-directorial curves (CFDC) for different values of the particular parameter is also considered. Furthermore, it is shown that these algebraic curves also might have applications in architectural space design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a comprehensive multimodal analytical study of an Egyptian ritual Bes-vase, of the 2nd century BCE employing cutting-edge proteomics, metabolomics, genetics techniques, and synchrotron radiation-based Fourier Transformed Infrared microSpectroscopy (SR µ-FTIR) to characterize organic residues of its content. We successfully identified the presence of various functional, bioactive, psychotropic, and medicinal substances, shedding light on the diverse components of a liquid concoction used for ritual practices in Ptolemaic Egypt. Using LC-MS/MS with a new methodological approach, we identified key proteins and metabolites, enabling the identification of botanical sources, confirmed by genetic sequences. Our analyses revealed traces of Peganum harmala, Nimphaea nouchali var. caerulea, and a plant of the Cleome genus, all of which are traditionally proven to have psychotropic and medicinal properties. Additionally, the identification of human fluids suggests their direct involvement in these rituals. Furthermore, metabolomics and SR µ-FTIR analyses also revealed the presence of fermented fruit-based liquid and other ingredients such as honey or royal jelly. The identification of specific chemical compounds, such as alkaloids and flavonoids, provides insight into the psychoactive and therapeutic uses of these in ancient ritual practices. This multidisciplinary study highlights the complexity of ancient cultures and their interactions with psychoactive, medicinal, and bioactive substances. These findings contribute to our understanding of ancient belief systems, cultural practices, and the utilization of natural resources, ultimately enhancing our knowledge of past societies and their connection to the natural world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on adapting generalized depth preference and flow velocity characteristics from Brown trout (Salmo trutta morpha fario) to the Minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus). The results obtained were used to model habitat suitability with 1D and 2D models. Since 1995, research on assessing aquatic habitat quality has been ongoing on 77 mountain streams in Slovakia. This assessment employs a System of Environmental Flow Analysis (SEFA), which is based on the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM). In most sections, Brown trout occurred in representative numbers. Brown trout habitat preferences were derived and generalized, and represented by suitability curves. Minnows were present in sufficient numbers for the derivation of suitability curves only on some streams, making direct generalization from the measured data unrepresentative. The measurement results showed that Minnow has similar depth and flow rate preferences to Brown trout. Therefore, it can be assumed that it is possible to adapt the generalised suitability curves from Brown trout to Minnow. This expansion enabled us to broaden the assessment of habitat quality using the SEFA model to mountain streams that are dominated by Minnows and where there is insufficient Brown trout presence. Verification of parameter adaptation from Brown trout to Minnow was conducted in 11 sections of mountain streams. We discuss the performance of habitat quality modeling, concerning the fundamental hydraulic characteristics of streams, using both 1D and 2D models. The results of the 2D modeling are presented for a sub-mountain stream. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite numerous studies indicating the positive contribution of 3D modeling and printing (3DMP) in learning settings, its current educational use is still rather limited. For the adoption of 3DMP in classrooms, it is critical to understand the views and perceptions of teachers on such new technology. To better understand how teachers perceive 3DMP, a longitudinal study was conducted with 73 Montenegrin secondary school teachers. The study used the Hype Cycle for Emerging Technologies approach to examine changes in teachers' views and perceptions of 3DMP over four time periods: before a workshop on using 3DMP in teaching, immediately after the workshop, three months later, and one year later. Results showed that teachers were motivated to use 3DMP to keep up with new technological trends, create classroom materials, promote inclusion, and STEM learning, and improve students' learning outcomes. The peak of inflated expectations (immediately after the workshop) is characterized by excessively high teacher expectations of 3DMP in terms of perceived pedagogical impact (PPI), perceived usefulness (PU), and barriers (BAR), while teachers' anxiety (ANX) is low; trough of disillusionment (3 months after the workshop) leads to a significant decrease in teachers' positive views and perceptions of PPI, PU, BAR, but an increase in ANX; the slope of enlightenment (one year after the workshop) leads to a recovery in teachers' positive views and perceptions of 3DMP's contribution to PPI, PU, but also BAR, while ANX significantly decreases. These findings provide recommendations for teacher educators, policymakers, 3DMP developers, and future researchers to better support the use of 3DMP in education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supporting bee populations is essential considering threats posed by human activities like pesticide usage and habitat destruction. However, the current methods for monitoring and analyzing beehives and their surrounding environments are invasive, complex, and time-consuming. These methods often rely heavily on laboratory analyses, making them difficult to implement independently in the field. This study explores the application of portable membrane inlet mass spectrometer (MIMS) for noninvasive hive analysis, demonstrating its ability to detect various compounds indicative of hive conditions and environmental stressors. In addition to the expected compounds found in beehives, such as α-bergamotene, hexadecanoic acid, heptadecane, hexadecanamide, α-bisabolol-, 9-octadecenamide, (Z) − , and benzaldehyde, unexpected compounds, pollutants, like indane (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) and carbofuran (pesticide), were also detected. The MIMS detection method provides rapid, accurate, and real-time results, making it suitable for preventive measures against bee diseases and integral to environmental biomonitoring. This integration of technology represents a significant advancement in bee conservation efforts, offering hope for the future of both bees and ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Airborne fungal spores of the genus Alternaria pose challenges for accurate airborne spore identification by automatic bioaerosol monitors, because of their significant implications for public health and agriculture due to their role as airborne allergen and plant pathogen. These systems require high-quality reference data for training algorithms by machine learning. Alternaria alternata was cultured on three different media, including exposure to UV light to favor sporulation. Spore morphology was evaluated both macroscopically and microscopically, and chemical analysis was conducted using micro-Raman spectroscopy to assess spore composition. Significant differences were observed in colony morphology and spore characteristics among culture media. While typical spores predominated, atypical forms were also identified, which may represent a potential bias for identification. Comparative analysis with air samples by the Hirst method also revealed overall differences in spore morphology pattern. Standardizing culture conditions and accounting for variability in spore properties are essential for improving the reliability of bioaerosol monitoring systems. Further research is needed to refine detection methods for A. alternata and other airborne fungal spores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research into teachers' concepts and changes over time in digital technologies is crucial for gaining insights into the factors that shape teachers' concepts of technologies and influence their use in the classroom. Numerous studies have indicated that the use of 3D modelling and printing (3DMP) contributes to the modernization of teaching and the achievement of student learning outcomes. Using a three-wave longitudinal study with the application of conceptual metaphors as a theoretical background, this study tracks teachers' concepts of 3DMP after training, three months, and after one year of teaching experience and provides insight into this area. The data for the study was collected from 74 secondary teachers and processed using a mixed-methods research approach. The findings show that as teachers gain experience, their views on using 3DMP in education evolve. The results include a shift in their perception of digital reliance, the pedagogical benefits, the potential for creative expression, and the sensitivity of 3D printing. The findings of our study suggest that teachers need continuous technical support at the beginning of their use of 3DMP in the classroom, so that the application of this technology can successfully contribute to the development of student creativity and knowledge. This research emphasizes the need for comprehensive ongoing support and targeted training to enable teachers to effectively integrate 3DMP into educational practices, while fostering creativity and addressing technical complexities. Furthermore, this research sheds light on teachers' views of 3DMP and has implications for developments in teacher training and courses, the 3DMP platform, software development, education policy, and the 3DMP industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) fuels cellular ATP demands. OXPHOS defects lead to severe human disorders with unexplained tissue specific pathologies. Mitochondrial gene expression is essential for OXPHOS biogenesis since core subunits of the complexes are mitochondrial-encoded. COX14 is required for translation of COX1, the central mitochondrial-encoded subunit of complex IV. Here we describe a COX14 mutant mouse corresponding to a patient with complex IV deficiency. COX14M19I mice display broad tissue-specific pathologies. A hallmark phenotype is severe liver inflammation linked to release of mitochondrial RNA into the cytosol sensed by RIG-1 pathway. We find that mitochondrial RNA release is triggered by increased reactive oxygen species production in the deficiency of complex IV. Additionally, we describe a COA3Y72C mouse, affected in an assembly factor that cooperates with COX14 in early COX1 biogenesis, which displays a similar yet milder inflammatory phenotype. Our study provides insight into a link between defective mitochondrial gene expression and tissue-specific inflammation. Dysfunctions of the mitochondrial OXPHOS system lead to severe human disorders. Here, the authors analyzed a mouse mutant that mimics a mitochondrial disorder patient and find that reactive oxygen species trigger RNA release and inflammatory pathway in liver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sclerosing stromal tumors (SST) are rare ovarian neoplasms that often appear as solid unilateral tumors of the ovary with no specific clinical or radiological presentation. The definitive treatment is surgical removal. Case presentation: Our article presents four cases of female patients with sclerosing stromal ovarian tumor with clinical characteristics mimicking malignant ovarian lesions. Interestingly, two of our cases had elevated levels of inhibin B. All patients were treated with surgery (oophorectomy) and had no disease recurrence. Conclusion: Tumors' macroscopic features are usually non-specific and often suggestive of possible malignancy, therefore diagnosis is always based on histopathological report. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a low-cost, Raspberry Pi based imaging system is proposed as compact standalone interrogation unit for analysis of fiber specklegram sensors. Standard methods for specklegram analysis are based on image correlation. Proposed imaging system is used for both capturing specklegram images at the output of the standard telecommunication optical fiber and for correlation analysis. Experimental setup for controlled mechanical deformation of the optical fiber is designed and zero-normalized cross-correlation, structural similarity and normalized mutual information score correlation methods are implemented and compared in order to verify proposed Raspberry Pi based imaging system functionally. A statistical method for detection of region of interest is used for dynamic output range extension. Additionally, to further extend dynamic range and increase linearity, correlation output is provided as difference of correlation coefficient for two reference samples located at the ends of measurement range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effectiveness in woody biomass utilization is highly dependent on its genetics and physiology. We performed morpho-anatomical, chemical, and biomethane productivity characterizations of one-year-old woody stems in three shrub Salix viminalis genotypes: a diploid (Energo) and its two autotetraploid derivatives (PP-E7 and PP-E13). Tetraploidization affected changes in stem morpho-anatomy and corresponding improved chemical features and biomethane productivity, considerably more pronounced in tetraploid PP-E13, while PP-E7 was more similar to diploid Energo. Compared to diploid Energo, in tetraploid PP-E13 morphometric analysis showed increased stem diameter and higher wood fiber radial double wall thickness, while microscopic analysis suggested higher syringyl to guaiacyl (S:G) ratio of the wood fiber cell wall. Presented changes in stem morpho-anatomy of tetraploid PP-E13 compared to diploid Energo correspond to the improved chemical features: the lower Klason lignin content and higher S:G ratio, the higher cellulose and xylan content, and lower cellulose crystallinity (Crl). Presented improved chemical features, along with the increase in ash content, resulted in a 7.3% (10.3 CH4 mL/g VS) increase in biomethane productivity in tetraploid PP-E13, compared to diploid Energo, suggesting tetraploid PP-E13 as an optimal raw material for fermentation technologies. In addition, besides the well-known chemical markers of willow biomass quality, the presented results highlight key stem morpho-anatomical parameters, which can serve as additional markers in energy willow improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychiatric classifications refer to clusters of behavioral symptoms. We know much about how psychiatric classifications are intended to be used in theory. Yet the scientific study of the practice of classification to date is limited. We aimed to explore how individuals navigate and make sense of the complexity surrounding an ADHD classification. We used thematic analysis to analyse stakeholder perspectives from seven focus groups: adults classified with ADHD, adolescents classified with ADHD, parents of children classified with ADHD, clinicians, researchers, teachers, and policy makers. We found seven themes in how stakeholders navigate the classification ADHD. Yet, what stood out was an overarching discursive pattern: individual stakeholders expressed highly ambivalent ideas about ADHD but did not address their own ambivalence. We suggest that promoting a social kinds perspective on ADHD may help us navigate the complexity and ambivalence associated with ADHD more competently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to show the feasibility and surgical outcome of vNOTES retroperitoneal dissection and isolation of sentinel lymph nodes in overweight and obese patients with endometrial cancer. Materials and methods: Four patients had undergone pelvic lymphadenectomy with a sentinel lymph node. Three patients were overweight, and one was obese with a BMI of 34.6 kg/m2. By using NMR mode sentinel lymph node was visualized, excised and marked separately for pathohistological analysis from the rest of the visualized lymph nodes that were then consecutively excised. Results: The mean number of overall excised lymph nodes was 12.5, and the mean number on the right side was 5.75 and 6.25 on the left side. There were no metastases verified in the pathohistological evaluation. Conclusion: vNOTES retroperitoneal isolation of sentinel lymph nodes is good alternative and has its benefits, especially in overweight and obese patients with satisfying low intra- and postoperative complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Multimode polymer optical fibers (POFs) are considered to be the best choice for short-distance communication lines due to their advantageous properties. One must pay close attention to POFs' most crucial transmission property, bandwidth (BW), which affects the fibers' transmission capacity. The improvement of POF transmission qualities, particularly BW, which is its most crucial property, has been the subject of many researches during the past few decades. Both experimental and theoretical approaches have been used to address this issue. Up to now, there were no commercial simulation tools available for studying the transmission characteristics of multimode optical fibers. To overcome this problem, the modal continuum approach is employed to characterize light transmission in various kinds of multimode optical fibers. This modal continuum approach, which uses the time-dependent power flow equation (TD PFE), plays the most important role in the theoretical approaches. The PFE is the most comprehensive because it takes into account attenuation, mode coupling and modal dispersion, which significantly affects the BW. It can also be modified to accommodate various refractive index profiles, including step-index (SI), W-type index and graded index (GI) profiles. This review analyzes the pertinent literature related to the use of modal continuum-based models for BW modeling in conventional and microstructured multimode POFs. An overview of methodologies for optical fiber analysis with a focus on modal continuum approximation, and solutions to the TD PFE for various multimode fiber types, is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Educational Robotics (ER) has emerged as one of the tools to improve STEM learning in primary education if students are properly instructed. However, there is a lack of studies that guide teachers on which type of instruction should be used for ER in STEM between direct (DI) and indirect instruction (II). As a result, the present study aims to compare the two types of instructions in terms of their effect on learning outcomes, students' perceptions, and students' gender differences. We adopted a quasi-experiment comparative research design involving 100 ninth-grade students (13–14 years old). We collected data through achievement tests and perception questionnaires and analyzed them using Cochran's Q-test, Mann–Whitney U-test, and independent samples t-test. Results show that the group in which II was used performed better than those from the group where DI was used. Also, the results show that girls performed better with DI than boys. Furthermore, students perceived ER as useful for developing collaboration and interest in STEM. Therefore, teachers should be supported in learning how to use II and DI strategically in ER to enhance STEM learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hijacked from medical and health sciences, Systematic Literature Reviews (SLRs) are widely (ab)used in many scientific domains. Considering the ability to provide transparency and replicability of research results, many scientists consider an SLR a safe avenue for attaining scientific impact, given that the theoretical probability of acceptance is relatively high. Relying on dual analysis of Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) and Network Analysis (NA), the study identifies key features associated with citation impact within top-tier SLRs. Next, the study introduces Rationale, Cogency, and Extent (RCE) criterion for evaluating potential markers that predict citation impact using two case studies of SLRs from engineering domain. The findings suggest that the informal logic for starting a review significantly correlates with citation impact. Additionally, journal- and author-level metrics, along with RCE composite scores, display significant difference between top- and bottom-ranked SLRs. Through NA, reporting the quality assessment of studies (QATR) emerges as the most influential node within the RCE network. Despite its lack of direct correlation with citation impact, we conclude that QATR is a moderating variable. Finally, the study concludes that a well-articulated research question, alignment with existing evidence, and rigorous data use collectively serve as a blueprint for producing a high-quality SLR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Controlling the exact Cartesian stiffness values of a robot end-effector (EE) is troublesome because of difficulties associated with estimating the stiffness and controllability of a full Cartesian stiffness matrix. However, most practical applications require only quantitative (high/low) stiffness values in the EE motion direction (or perpendicular direction). Full control of the stiffness matrix requiring too many control inputs which is hardly possible in practical applications. To ensure the efficiency of execution for a range of redundant robots, we present an algorithm for shaping a robot’s Cartesian stiffness ellipsoid, a more intuitive and visual stiffness representation, using a nonlinear sequential least square programming optimization. The algorithm is designed to optimize the joint stiffness values and the trajectory of the robot’s joints, using null-space exploration, for a given task. Using eigenvalue decomposition of the stiffness matrix, the algorithm minimizes the orientation difference between the major axis of the current and the desired stiffness ellipsoid and specify a scaling factor between the major and the minor axis. The presented approach allows the user to better understand and control of a robot, regardless of the user’s knowledge of the achievable stiffness range and the interdependencies of the Cartesian stiffness matrix elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Standards for manual pollen and fungal spore monitoring have been established based on several decades of experience, tests, and research. New technological and methodological advancements have led to the development of a range of different automatic instruments for which no standard yet exist. This paper aims to provide an overview of aspects that need to be considered for automatic pollen and fungal spore monitoring, including a set of guidelines and recommendations. It covers issues relevant to developing an automatic monitoring network, from the instrument design and calibration through algorithm development to site selection criteria. Despite no official standard yet existing, it is essential that all aspects of the measurement chain are carried out in a manner that is as standardised as possible to ensure high-quality data and information can be provided to end-users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pollen monitoring has traditionally been carried out using manual methods first developed in the early 1950s. Although this technique has been recently standardised, it suffers from several drawbacks, notably data usually only being available with a delay of 3–9 days and usually delivered at a daily resolution. Several automatic instruments have come on to the market over the past few years, with more new devices also under development. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of all available and developing automatic instruments, how they measure, how they identify airborne pollen, what impacts measurement quality, as well as what potential there is for further advancement in the field of bioaerosol monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider the indefinite Sturm–Liouville differential expression a (f) : = - 1 w 1 r f ′ ′ , where a is defined on a finite or infinite open interval I with 0 ∈ I and the coefficients r and w are locally summable and such that r(x) and (sgn x) w (x) are positive a.e. on I. With the differential expression a we associate a nonnegative self-adjoint operator A in the Krein space L w 2 (I) which is viewed as a coupling of symmetric operators in Hilbert spaces related to the intersections of I with the positive and the negative semi-axis. For the operator A we derive conditions in terms of the coefficients w and r for the existence of a Riesz basis consisting of generalized eigenfunctions of A and for the similarity of A to a self-adjoint operator in a Hilbert space L | w | 2 (I) . These results are obtained as consequences of abstract results about the regularity of critical points of nonnegative self-adjoint operators in Krein spaces which are couplings of two symmetric operators acting in Hilbert spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brazed carbide profile mill cutters are widely used in the machining of wood, wood materials, and plastic to form various functional and aesthetic surfaces. Tools of this kind are used in serial and mass production and they are built today using very costly 5-axis grinding machines supported by specialized CAM software that is very expensive too. The paper first developed the possible concept of 5-axis grinding of brazed profile mill cutters using universal diamond grinding wheel shapes. The developed concept of 5-axis grinding served as a basis for the developed approach for 3+2-axis grinding of the brazed form mill cutters which is the essence of this paper. Verification of this set approach of 3+2-axis grinding is performed on a developed functional prototype of a simple 3+2-axis grinder (Axes XYZ are CNC controlled, axes B and C are unpowered axes and have fixed positions during grinding). Based on the established 3+2 grinding strategy complete grinding of a complex profile has been performed on a developed functional prototype. Shape and measures of the cutting edge profile achieved by grinding are inspected on an optical measuring system and showed exceptional results. The established 3+2-axis method of grinding is an economically successful alternative to costly 5-axis grinding machines, as well as to specialized software, presented in the paper through experimental and practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing research indicates that the relationship between digital technology use and insomnia can largely depend on which digital technology measure and which insomnia measure is considered. Data on 4261 Slovenian tertiary students was gathered through an online survey in February 2021, which included measures of depression and insomnia symptoms, as well as measures of internet, social media and video game use divided into three measurement levels (use, duration of use, addictive use). Regression analysis revealed an apparent effect of measurement level, where addictive use measures consistently outperformed other technology use measures in predicting insomnia. Regardless of measurement level, social media use seems to produce more risk for insomnia, compared to playing video games or general internet use for leisure purposes. Importantly, a single measure of depression symptoms explained more variance in insomnia than the nine measures of digital technology use combined, meaning that the effect of digital technology on sleep should not be overstated. Most of the effect of social media use on insomnia may in fact be explained by understanding users' depression symptoms. In case of gaming, a larger part of its effect on insomnia is independent of depression symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: We aimed to describe neurological manifestations and functional outcome at discharge in patients with West Nile neuroinvasive disease. Methods: This retrospective study enrolled inpatients treated in the University Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases in Belgrade, Serbia, from 1 June until 31 October 2022. Functional outcome at discharge was assessed using modified Rankin scale. Results: Among the 135 analyzed patients, encephalitis, meningitis and acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) were present in 114 (84.6%), 20 (14.8%), and 21 (15.6%), respectively. Quadriparesis/quadriplegia and monoparesis were the most frequent forms of AFP, present in 9 (6.7%) and 6 (4.4%) patients, respectively. Fourty-five (33.3%) patients had cerebellitis, 80 (59.3%) had rhombencephalitis, and 5 (3.7%) exhibited Parkinsonism. Ataxia and wide-based gait were present in 79 (58.5%) patients each. Fifty-one (37.8%) patients had tremor (41 (30.3%) had postural and/or kinetic tremor, 10 (7.4%) had resting tremor). Glasgow coma score (GCS) ≤ 8 and respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation developed in 39 (28.9%), and 33 (24.4%) patients, respectively. Quadriparesis was a risk factor for prolonged ventilator support (29.5 ± 16.8 vs. 12.4 ± 8.7 days, p = 0.001). At discharge, one patient with monoparesis recovered full muscle strength, whereas 8 patients with AFP were functionally dependent. Twenty-nine (21.5%) patients died. All of the succumbed had encephalitis, and 7 had quadriparesis. Ataxia, tremor and cognitive deficit persisted in 18 (16.9%), 15 (14.2%), and 22 (16.3%) patients at discharge, respectively. Age, malignancy, coronary disease, quadriparesis, mechanical ventilation, GCS ≤ 8 and healthcare-associated infections were risk factors for death (p = 0.001; p = 0.019; p = 0.004; p = 0.001; p < 0.001; p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-strength engineered cementitious composites (ECC) typically require higher cement content, which is negative from the sustainability point of view. To alleviate this problem, herein a low-cost and eco-friendly high-strength ECC (with a compressive strength of over 100 MPa) was developed, and diatomite was used to replace a small amount of cement. An appropriate amount of diatomite was found to improve the compressive strength, tensile strength and first cracking strength of ECC, but at the expense of part of the strain capacity (still all higher than 2.9%). Furthermore, the high pozzolanic activity and specific surface area of diatomite also increased the autogenous shrinkage, but reduced the drying shrinkage of ECC due to its internal curing effect. The incorporation of diatomite improved the pore structure of ECC, consumed more Ca(OH)2, and enhanced the hydration degree of the mixture. In the end, the economic and environmental benefits of diatomite-modified ECC were also evaluated, and the cost, non-renewable energy demand, and global warming potential of ECC with 3% diatomite were reduced compared to plain ECC by 12.9, 15.1, and 13.3%, respectively. The developed high-strength ECC is therefore a low-cost and eco-friendly alternative to the traditional one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Minimally invasive total gastrectomy (MITG) is a mainstay for curative treatment of patients with gastric cancer. To define and standardize optimal surgical techniques and further improve clinical outcomes through the enhanced MITG surgical quality, there must be consensus on the key technical steps of lymphadenectomy and anastomosis creation, which is currently lacking. This study aimed to determine an expert consensus from an international panel regarding the technical aspects of the performance of MITG for oncological indications using the Delphi method. Methods: A 100-point scoping survey was created based on the deconstruction of MITG into its key technical steps through local and international expert opinion and literature evidence. An international expert panel comprising upper gastrointestinal and general surgeons participated in multiple rounds of a Delphi consensus. The panelists voted on the issues concerning importance, difficulty, or agreement using an online questionnaire. A priori consensus standard was set at > 80% for agreement to a statement. Internal consistency and reliability were evaluated using Cronbach's α. Results: Thirty expert upper gastrointestinal and general surgeons participated in three online Delphi rounds, generating a final consensus of 41 statements regarding MITG for gastric cancer. The consensus was gained from 22, 12, and 7 questions from Delphi rounds 1, 2, and 3, which were rephrased into the 41 statetments respectively. For lymphadenectomy and aspects of anastomosis creation, Cronbach's α for round 1 was 0.896 and 0.886, and for round 2 was 0.848 and 0.779, regarding difficulty or importance. Conclusions: The Delphi consensus defined 41 steps as crucial for performing a high-quality MITG for oncological indications based on the standards of an international panel. The results of this consensus provide a platform for creating and validating surgical quality assessment tools designed to improve clinical outcomes and standardize surgical quality in MITG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for high quality foods has steadily increased as response to market pressures and to other factors. The concept of food quality (FQ) gradually evolved to address changes in consumer perceptions and due to available technological advances. Evolution followed from FQ 1.0 (defective foods removal) over FQ 2.0 (prevention-based quality assurance), FQ 3.0 (total quality management; TQM), and finally the upcoming concept of FQ 4.0 that is focused on advanced technologies (Internet of Things, Big Data, artificial intelligence, etc.) for improving traceability, food safety, and quality assurance. This evolution from FQ 1.0 up to 4.0 followed perfection of conventional/advanced methods and the expansion of their scope to include the reductions of waste/pollution. This manuscript provides background and brief overview for current and traditional concepts of FQ with consumers in focus while mentioning techniques that are traditionally used for FQ assessments. Also, it describes migration toward FQ 4.0 and how it compares with traditional FQ, while considering products, processes, systems, and sustainable (nano)technologies for improvements of manufacturing and waste reductions. Such information is useful for practical guides for stakeholders in food chain (e.g., food managers, technologists, and consultants). Findings implied importance for developing the area within the "FQ 4.0 triangle," whose three edges are "food science," "quality assurance," and "industry 4.0 (that has the tools/technologies to support this industrial concept)." This area has numerous opportunities for various applications in food sector and for gathering knowledge, currently needed in the food industry. Including data on the suitability of advanced technologies for food manufacturing (e.g., 3D printing), their association with quality/safety, reduction of waste/contaminants, all in order to reach sustainable food production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This work highlights the sedimentary characteristics and the role of submarine sulfur-rich karstic springs in the distribution of benthic foraminifera in the northern part of the Adriatic Sea (Bay of Koper). Little is known about how local conditions such as temperature and sulfur bursts may influence sediment properties, benthic habitat variability, and composition of foraminiferal assemblages. Here we compare the distribution of total and living benthic assemblages in surface sediment samples collected from a funnel-shaped depression created by submarine sulfur springs. Materials and methods: Sampling was performed at water depths between 24.6 and 32.2 m in fine-grained sandy silt to silty sand (partially washed). Sedimentological, mineralogical, and geochemical analyses of the sediment were carried out and the distribution of benthic foraminifera living around the springs was studied. Results and discussion: In general, sediment characteristics (i.e., mineralogical, geochemical, and organic content) around the sulfur springs do not show prominent deviations from the marine surface sediment of the area; however, some differences exist among depressions of different depths. Deeper depressions in the lower parts probably extend to older continental sediments of Late Pleistocene age with alluvial features, while shallower depressions were formed entirely in Holocene marine sediments typical of a wider area. Only one of the five samples (M05) contained living foraminifera in sufficient abundance for biocenosis research. The benthic foraminiferal assemblages of moderate diversity are composed of opportunistic species. Elphidium translucens, Ammonia ex gr. tepida, Haynesina depressula, and Porosononion granosum dominate, while A. neobeccarii, Reussella spinulosa, and Textularia bocki are subordinate. Conclusions: The distribution and diversity of foraminifera in the sediment near sulfur springs can be explained by several factors and their interactions. The intensity of the spring discharge affects the mixing/oxygenation of the sediment, the shape of spring depressions, and the granulometry of the coarser sediment around the springs. Sediment characteristics indicate different types of sediment origin. This is related to and can be explained by the depth of spring depressions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to its advantages such as producing durable models and easy accessibility, 3D modeling and printing (3DMP) has become increasingly popular in educational practice and research. However, the results of many studies have shown that the adoption rate of 3DMP among teachers is still low, especially in elementary schools. Therefore, research is needed to expand current knowledge about what influences teachers' decisions to start and continue using 3DMP in elementary schools. To investigate factors that affect elementary school teachers' decisions to use 3D printing in teaching, this study uses a mixed methods research approach combining binary logistic regression with a qualitative thematic analysis approach. Both approaches assembled predictive constructs from a range of theories on (1) technology acceptance and (2) intentions to continue or abandon 3DMP use. Using a sample of 225 elementary teachers from Montenegro, this study empirically concluded that intentions to discontinue 3DMP was slightly more strongly correlated with the predictors (i.e., performance expectancy, effort expectancy, perceived pedagogical impact, personal innovativeness, management support, user interface quality, technology compatibility, social influence, student expectations) than was intentions to continue using 3DMP. Performance expectancy was a significant determinant of teachers' continued use of a 3DMP approach. The remaining seven factors (constructs) were found to be insignificant predictors. Perceived pedagogical impact and technology compatibility were significantly associated with teachers' decisions to discontinue using 3DMP. Our results also suggest that the time required to use 3DMP during instruction, the impact of 3DMP on the implementation of curriculum activities, and the availability of 3D printers are all relevant factors that influence teachers'' decision to use or abandon 3DMP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper refers to a new method to quantify the energy losses due to frictional effects and imperfections in contacts in the case of real industrial tribomechanical systems. Whereby energy losses represent an integral indicator of quality of the real industrial tribomechanical system, in terms of the characteristics of the contact element materials, geometric accuracy, and manufacturing and assembly errors. This paper presents a complex theoretical model based on the differential equation of motion of a real tribomechanical system down a steep plane. The outputs of the theoretical model are exact mathematical expressions that define the current values of the coefficient of friction and the friction-caused energy losses. The measuring system enables the quantification of current values of the distance traveled per unit of time. Based on a series of experimentally determined values of distance traveled per unit of time, the values of energy losses of the real industrial tribomechanical system are determined using the developed theoretical model and the appropriate software support. The obtained results indicate a high reliability, a large potential, and a wide range of possible applications of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ample research has shown that a controlling teaching style is detrimental for students' motivation and engagement in school. However, little is known about how students cope with such a teaching style. Therefore, grounded in Self-Determination Theory, the present study examines the role of four coping strategies (i.e. oppositional defiance, compulsive compliance, negotiation and accommodation) in students' motivation and engagement. A repeated measures design with four weekly assessments was used to examine associations both at the between- and within-student level. The sample consisted of students from 4 to 6th grade (N = 433; 51% boys, Mage = 10.6 years). The findings showed that oppositional defiance exacerbated associations between controlling teaching and amotivation. The moderating role of both compulsive compliance and negotiation was limited. Accommodation buffered associations between controlling teaching and amotivation and low engagement at the within-person level of analysis. In addition to a moderating role, we also found evidence for a mediating role of coping. Specifically, controlling teaching related positively to oppositional defiance and compulsive compliance, which, in turn, were related to maladaptive student outcomes. Moreover, controlling teaching related positively to negotiation, which, in turn, related positively to adaptive student outcomes. Overall, the results underscore students' active role in teacher–student dynamics. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditionally, steady-state relative permeability is calculated from measurements on small rock samples using Darcy's law and assuming a homogenous saturation profile and constant capillary pressure. However, these assumptions are rarely correct as local inhomogeneities exist; furthermore, the wetting phase tends to be retained at the outlet–the so-called capillary end effect. We have introduced a new method that corrects the relative permeabilities, analytically, for an inhomogeneous saturation profile along the flow direction. The only data required are the measured pressure drops for different fractional flow values, an estimate of capillary pressure, and the saturation profiles. An optimization routine is applied to find the range of relative permeability values consistent with the uncertainty in the measured pressure. Assuming a homogenous saturation profile systematically underestimates the relative permeability and this effect is most marked for media where one of the phases is strongly wetting with a noticeable capillary end effect. Relative permeabilities from seven two-phase flow experiments in centimetre-scale samples with different wettability were corrected while reconciling some hitherto apparently contradictory results. We reproduce relative permeabilities of water-wet Bentheimer sandstone that are closer to other measurements in the literature on larger samples than the original analysis. Furthermore, we find that the water relative permeability during waterflooding a carbonate sample with a wide range of pore sizes can be high, due to good connectivity through the microporosity. For mixed-wet media with lower capillary pressure and less variable saturation profiles, the corrections are less significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the effects of the addition of silicon nitride seeds on the phase composition, particle size, and shape of silicon nitride powders obtained by carbothermal reduction-nitridation were studied. Environmentally friendly natural raw material, diatomaceous earth, was used as a Si precursor. Three different carbon sources were used: activated carbon, carbonized sucrose, and carbon cryogel as reducing agents in the molar ratio C/SiO2 = 5. To obtain better-quality Si3N4 powder, the commercial α-Si3N4 powder was added into starting mixtures as seeds in four different quantities. The X-ray diffraction, specific surface area, infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform, and scanning electron microscopy were employed to characterize the obtained powders. Sucrose as a carbon source enables a major reduction of SiO2 and the onset of β-Si3N4 crystallization at a lower temperature (1350 °C) as well as the complete absence of diatomaceous earth relics. It indicates that the carbothermal reduction-nitridation takes place faster in contrast to the other two carbon sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the COVID-19 crisis is a worldwide threat to individuals' physical health and psychological well-being, not all people are equally susceptible to increased ill-being. One potentially important factor in individuals' vulnerability (versus resilience) to ill-being in the face of stress is emotion regulation. On the basis of Self-Determination Theory, this study examined the role of three emotion regulation styles in individuals' mental health during the COVID-19 crisis, that is, integration, suppression, and dysregulation. Participants were 6584 adults (77% female, Mage = 45.16 years) who filled out well-validated measures of emotion regulation, depression, anxiety, life satisfaction, and sleep quality. To examine naturally occurring combinations of emotion regulation strategies, hierarchical k-means clustering was performed, yielding 3 profiles: (a) low scores on all strategies (indicating rather low overall levels of worry; 27%), (b) high scores on integration only (41%), and (c) high scores on suppression and dysregulation (32%). Participants in the profiles scoring high on suppression and dysregulation displayed a less favorable pattern of outcomes (high ill-being, low life satisfaction, and poorer sleep quality) compared to the other two groups. Between-cluster differences remained significant even when taking into account the corona-related worries experienced by people. Overall, the findings underscore the important role of emotion regulation in individuals' mental health during mentally challenging periods such as the COVID-19 crisis. Practical implications and directions for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glioblastomas are highly aggressive brain tumors for which therapeutic options are very limited. In a quest for new anti-glioblastoma drugs, we focused on specific structural modifications to the benzoyl-phenoxy-acetamide (BPA) structure present in a common lipid-lowering drug, fenofibrate, and in our first prototype glioblastoma drug, PP1. Here, we propose extensive computational analyses to improve the selection of the most effective glioblastoma drug candidates. Initially, over 100 structural BPA variations were analyzed and their physicochemical properties, such as water solubility (− logS), calculated partition coefficient (ClogP), probability for BBB crossing (BBB_SCORE), probability for CNS penetration (CNS-MPO) and calculated cardiotoxicity (hERG), were evaluated. This integrated approach allowed us to select pyridine variants of BPA that show improved BBB penetration, water solubility, and low cardiotoxicity. Herein the top 24 compounds were synthesized and analyzed in cell culture. Six of them demonstrated glioblastoma toxicity with IC50 ranging from 0.59 to 3.24 µM. Importantly, one of the compounds, HR68, accumulated in the brain tumor tissue at 3.7 ± 0.5 µM, which exceeds its glioblastoma IC50 (1.17 µM) by over threefold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the influence of the addition of different levels of bismuth on the amount of the area affected by chunky graphite in thick-walled ductile iron castings was investigated. Ductile iron with increased silicon content and ductile iron with nickel addition were investigated. In order to obtain different cooling rates, cone blocks with diameter of 300 mm and a height of 350 mm were cast. Three groups of test melts were used, EN-GJS-400-15, EN-GJS-500-14 with high silicon level and EN-GJS-400-18 with 0.7 wt% Ni. Cerium was added as component of the inoculant and nodularizer. In order to determine the effect of cooling rate on the graphite morphology in macro- and microstructure, three samples from different positions in casting were prepared; one from the thermal center of casting where the cooling rate is the lowest, one from the edge where the cooling rate is the highest and one from the area between these two zones. Based on the results, a mathematical model was developed to estimate the amount of the area affected by chunky graphite depending on the cooling rate and the chemical composition of the melt. The effect of higher silicon level and the addition of nickel have the least effect at the highest cooling rate, i.e., at the edge of the cone block. The addition of bismuth to a melt with a high silicon level has proven to be very effective in preventing the formation of chunky graphite. This investigation confirmed that chunky graphite is a local defect and that the sample size and sampling location should be taken into account when interpreting the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The marbled polecat (Vormela peregusna) is a small mustelid that occurs from the Balkans to Mongolia and is listed as vulnerable under the International Union for Conservation of Nature's (IUCN) Red List. There are currently no efficient methods to monitor populations at a broad scale and most records come from opportunistic sightings. However, the elusive nature and unique pelage of the species often results in a lot of interest when sighted, with observations regularly being shared on social media platforms. Such records from social media can provide an extensive source of freely available information that could be used to inform the species' distribution. In this study, we systematically collected marbled polecat records from five social media platforms by using a manual and automated search targeting the western range of the species. We identified 131 unique marbled polecat sightings originating mostly from Facebook, Instagram and Twitter. The records confirmed the species' presence in 92 50-km grid cells within the study area and outperformed other sources, such as GBIF and scientific literature searches. The combination of all three datasets resulted in 133 presence points, which was sufficient enough to perform further habitat suitability modelling and reliable alpha hull range estimates. The social media search was well suited to clarify broad distribution patterns of marbled polecat, but did not detect the species in areas where its presence was most uncertain. The results of the modelling work, however, can be used to target further dedicated survey work for the species. The framework used in this study can be applied to provide more detailed information on distribution and occurrence patterns for other rare or under-studied species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The minichromosome maintenance (MCM) complex acts as a DNA helicase during DNA replication, and thereby regulates cell cycle progression and proliferation. In addition, MCM-complex components localize to centrosomes and play an independent role in ciliogenesis. Pathogenic variants in genes coding for MCM components and other DNA replication factors have been linked to growth and developmental disorders as Meier–Gorlin syndrome and Seckel syndrome. Trio exome/genome sequencing identified the same de novo MCM6 missense variant p.(Cys158Tyr) in two unrelated individuals that presented with overlapping phenotypes consisting of intra-uterine growth retardation, short stature, congenital microcephaly, endocrine features, developmental delay and urogenital anomalies. The identified variant affects a zinc binding cysteine in the MCM6 zinc finger signature. This domain, and specifically cysteine residues, are essential for MCM-complex dimerization and the induction of helicase activity, suggesting a deleterious effect of this variant on DNA replication. Fibroblasts derived from the two affected individuals showed defects both in ciliogenesis and cell proliferation. We additionally traced three unrelated individuals with de novo MCM6 variants in the oligonucleotide binding (OB)-fold domain, presenting with variable (neuro)developmental features including autism spectrum disorder, developmental delay, and epilepsy. Taken together, our findings implicate de novo MCM6 variants in neurodevelopmental disorders. The clinical features and functional defects related to the zinc binding residue resemble those observed in syndromes related to other MCM components and DNA replication factors, while de novo OB-fold domain missense variants may be associated with more variable neurodevelopmental phenotypes. These data encourage consideration of MCM6 variants in the diagnostic arsenal of NDD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]