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Background: Due to a lack of routine, there is often uncertainty regarding diagnostics of tumours around the knee joint. This study aimed to provide knowledge about the frequency, distribution and diagnostic algorithm of different bone and soft tissue tumour entities of the knee at a large referral university hospital in Germany. Methods: Retrospective, longitudinal, single-centre study that reviewed adult patients from 2010 until 2020 with a suspected tumours diagnosis around the knee at a university cancer centre. Inclusion criteria were adults with true bone or soft-tissue tumours in the knee joint and in its adjacent compartments. Suspected diagnosis, histological tumour entity, localization and its surgical treatment by biopsy, resection, osteosynthesis or tumour endoprosthesis were investigated. Results: A total number of 310 adult patients were included with a mean age of 54.2 ± 18.8 years. In total 160 (51.6%) soft-tissue tumours (69/43.1% benign; 74/46.2% malignant; 17/10.6% intermediate), 92 (29.6%) primary bone tumours (46/50% benign; 39/42.3% malignant; 7/7.6% intermediate), 36 (11.6%) metastases and 22 (7.1%) lymphomas were detected. 171 (55.1%) tumours were classified as malignant. Suspected diagnosis was matched with histology in 74.5% (231/310) of all cases. In 6 cases a primarily suspected benign diagnosis turned out to be malignant. The majority of primary bone tumours was cartilage derived (63.1%;58/92) and located in the distal 2/3 of the femur, whereas intracapsular tumours of the knee joint were rare (13.0%). Soft-tissue tumours were located primarily in the middle third of the thigh (36.8%). The MRI was the diagnostic tool of choice in 98.1% of soft tissue tumours and 82.6% bone tumours. Conclusion: Awareness is crucial for detecting rare and malignant tumours around the knee, with adipocytic tumours being the most common soft tissue tumour and chondrogenic tumours as the most prevalent malignant bone tumour. Accurate diagnosis of bone tumours necessitates radiographs and frequently an additional MRI scan, while soft tissue tumours require mandatory MRI scans. Incorrectly diagnosing a tumour can have severe consequences, emphasizing the need for histological confirmation in all cases. Additionally, malignant tumours within joint capsules in adults are infrequent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Methods Results Conclusions Level of Evidence In symptomatic mid‐sized focal chondral defects, autologous matrix‐induced chondrogenesis (AMIC) and minced cartilage implantation (MCI) offer two versatile treatment options. This study aimed to conduct a matched‐patient analysis of patient‐reported outcome measures to compare these two surgical treatment methods for focal chondral defects.At the first centre, patients underwent a single‐stage procedure in which autologous cartilage was hand‐minced, implanted into the defect and fixed with fibrin glue. At the second centre, patients underwent AMIC, which was fixed in place with fibrin glue. All patients were seen 2–4 years postoperatively. Postoperative outcomes were assessed using the visual analogue scale for pain (VAS), the Lysholm score and the five domains of the knee osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS). Patients from each surgical centre were matched by age, sex, defect size and defect localisation.In total, 48 patients from two surgical centres (24 from each site) were matched for sex, age (MCI 30.3 ± 14.9 years vs. AMIC 30.8 ± 13.7 years) and defect size (MCI 2.49 ± 1.5 cm2 vs. AMIC 2.65 ± 1.1 cm2). Significantly better scores in the AMIC cohort were noted for VAS (p = 0.004), Lysholm (p = 0.043) and the KOOS subscales for pain (p = 0.016) and quality of life (p = 0.036). There was a significantly greater proportion of positive responders for Lysholm in the AMIC group (92%) compared with the MCI group (64%).The AMIC procedure delivers superior patient outcomes compared with hand‐minced autologous cartilage implantation. These are mid‐term outcomes, with follow‐up between 2 and 4 years.Level III. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the length change patterns of the native deep medial collateral ligament (dMCL) and potential anteromedial reconstructions (AMs) that might be added to a reconstruction of the superficial MCL (sMCL) to better understand the control of anteromedial rotatory instability (AMRI). Methods: Insertion points of the dMCL and potential AM reconstructions were marked with pins (tibial) and eyelets (femoral) in 11 cadaveric knee specimens. Length changes between the pins and eyelets were then tested using threads in a validated kinematics rig with muscle loading of the quadriceps and iliotibial tract. Between 0° and 100° knee flexion, length change pattern of the anterior, middle and posterior part of the dMCL and simulated AM reconstructions were analysed using a rotary encoder. Isometry was tested using the total strain range (TSR). Results: The tibiofemoral distance of the anterior dMCL part lengthened with flexion (+12.7% at 100°), whereas the posterior part slackened with flexion (−12.9% at 100°). The middle part behaved almost isometrically (maximum length: +2.8% at 100°). Depending on the femoral position within the sMCL footprint, AM reconstructions resulted in an increase in length as the knee flexed when a more centred position was used, irrespective of the tibial attachment position. Femoral positioning in the posterior aspect of the sMCL footprint exhibited <4% length change and was slightly less tight in flexion (min TSR = 3.6 ± 1.5%), irrespective of the tibial attachment position. Conclusion: The length change behaviour of potential AM reconstructions in a functionally intact knee is mainly influenced by the position of the femoral attachment, with different tibial attachments having a minimal effect on length change. Surgeons performing AM reconstructions to control AMRI would be advised to choose a femoral graft position in the posterior part of the native sMCL attachment to optimise graft length change behaviour. Given the high frequency of MCL injuries, sufficient restoration of AMRI is essential in isolated and combined ligamentous knee injuries. Level of Evidence: There is no level of evidence as this study was an experimental laboratory study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reconstruction of bony defects in the alveolar crest poses challenges in dental practice. Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedures utilize barriers to promote bone regeneration and prevent epithelial growth. This study focuses on evaluating the antibacterial properties of marine algae-polylactic acid (PLA) composite membranes compared to commercially available collagen membranes. Marine algae (Corallina elongata, Galaxaura oblongata, Cystoseira compressa, Saragassum vulgare, and Stypopodium schimperi) were processed into powders and blended with PLA to fabricate composite membranes. Cytocompatibility assays using human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (n = 3) were performed to evaluate biocompatibility. Antibacterial effects were assessed through colony-forming units (CFU) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of bacterial colonization on the membranes. The cytocompatibility assays demonstrated suitable biocompatibility of all marine algae-PLA composite membranes with human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Antibacterial assessment revealed that Sargassum vulgare-PLA membranes exhibited the highest resistance to bacterial colonization, followed by Galaxaura oblongata-PLA and Cystoseira compressa-PLA membranes. SEM analysis confirmed these findings and revealed smooth surface textures for the marine algae-PLA membranes compared to the fibrous and porous structures of collagen membranes. Marine algae-PLA composite membranes show promising antibacterial properties and cytocompatibility for guided bone and tissue regeneration applications. Sargassum vulgare-PLA membranes demonstrated the highest resistance against bacterial colonization. These findings suggest that marine algae-PLA composite membranes could serve as effective biomaterials for infection control and tissue regeneration. Further in vivo validation and investigation of biodegradation properties are necessary to explore their clinical potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Visualization of the subtalar joint surface in surgical management of calcaneal factures remains a big challenge and anatomic reduction of the articular surface is essential for a good clinical outcome. We hypothesize that video-assistance can provide superior fracture reduction compared to fluoroscopy and that nanoscopy (NSC) achieves more extensive visualization compared to fracturoscopy (FSC). Methods: Ten human cadaveric feet with artificially pre-fractured intraarticular calcaneal fractures with involvement of the posterior facet were treated via a minimal invasive subtalar approach. After initial control of reduction by 2D fluoroscopy, the reduction was further analyzed intraoperatively by FSC and NSC. 3D Scan served as gold standard control of reduction. Need of revision of reduction after the different visualization techniques was recorded and the extent of visualization of the subtalar joint surface in the medio-lateral dimension was compared for FSC and NSC. To quantify access and visualization of the medial and posterior facet, a depth gauge was used to measure from laterally at the clinically widest portion of the calcaneus targeted to the sustentaculum tali. The distance in millimetres was referred to the complete medio-lateral distance seen on paracoronal CT at the widest portion of the calcaneus. Results: Fracture analysis in preoperative CT-scans according to Sanders classification revealed four type IC, two IIA, three IIC and one IIIAC fractures. Mean visualization of the medial and posterior facet was significantly improved with NSC (30.4 ± 3.78 mm) compared to FSC (23.6 ± 6.17 mm) (p = 0.008). An imperfect reduction requiring revision was more often required with NSC compared to FSC. Insufficient reduction using video-assistance was found in two cases. Conclusion: In order to optimize subtalar joint reduction and congruency, video-assisted techniques, especially NSC, provide superior visualization and thus can improve reduction in the surgical treatment of intraarticular calcaneal fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: The objective of this investigation was to compare different techniques to improve visualization and reduction in tibial plateau fractures involving the central lateral segments. Methods: Matched pairs of pre-fractured cadaveric tibial plateau fractures that include the central lateral segments were treated by either an anterolateral approach (supine) or PL approach (prone). Reduction was stepwise extended by additional fracturoscopy (FS), nanoscopy (NS) and lastly by epicondyle osteotomy (ECO). Reduction was analyzed by 3D scan and visualization of the lateral plateau was quantified. Results: Ten specimens (3 pairs 41B3.1, 2 pairs 41C3.3) were analyzed. Fracture steps involving the antero-latero-central (ALC) segment were insufficiently reduced after fluoroscopy using both approaches (AL 2.2 ± 1.2 mm vs PL 2.2 ± 1.0 mm, p 0.95). Additional NS and ECO achieved optimized fracture reduction in the ALC segment (NS AL 1.6 ± 1.3 mm vs PL 0.8 ± 0.9 mm, p 0.32). NS provided visualization of the entire lateral plateau (PL 102.9% ± 7.4, AL 108.8 ± 19.2%), while fracturoscopy only allowed visualization of the ALL segment and partially of PLL and ALC segments (PL 22.0 ± 23.4%, AL 29.7 ± 18.3%). Conclusion: Optimized reduction of tibial head fractures with involvement of latero-central segments requires additional video-assisted reduction or extended approaches. Nanoscopy helps visualizing of the entire lateral plateau, when compared to fracturoscopy and may become a valuable reduction aid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the reduction quality of the anterolateral (AL) and modified posterolateral approach (PL) in lateral tibial plateau fractures involving the posterior column and central segments. Methods: Matched pairs of pre-fractured cadaveric tibial plateau fractures were treated by either AL approach (supine position) or PL approach (prone position). Reduction was controlled by fluoroscopy and evaluated as satisfying or unacceptable. Afterwards, the reduction was examined by 3D scan. Results: 10 specimens (3 pairs 41B3.1, 2 pairs 41C3.3) were evaluated. PL approach achieved significantly (p 0.00472) better fracture reduction results (0.4 ± 0.7 mm) of the posterior column compared to the AL group (2.1 ± 1.4 mm). Fracture steps involving the central area of the lateral plateau were insufficiently reduced after fluoroscopy using both approaches. Conclusion: Optimal reduction of displaced tibial plateau fractures involving the posterolateral column necessitates a posterior approach, which can be conducted in prone or lateral positioning. The anterolateral approach is indicated in fractures with minor displacement of the posterolateral rim but fracture extension in the latero-central segments. In these cases, an additional video-assisted reduction or extended approaches are helpful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study compared mid-term outcomes of two anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) restoration techniques within an early total surgical care of acute knee dislocation: repair with additional internal bracing (ACLIB) and reconstruction with autograft (ACLR). Initial results at 12 months demonstrated that ACLR offered superior stability compared to ACLIB.Retrospective clinical study of patients with acute type III or IV KD. ACLIB or ACLR procedures were performed accompanied by simultaneous suture and internal bracing of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and repair with lateral augmentation of the medial and lateral complex injuries utilizing Arciero’s reconstruction technique. Patient-reported outcome measurements (PROMs), instrumental stability assessment via the Rolimeter-Test, and stress radiographs were analyzed.The study involved 20 patients (5 IIIM, 5 IIIL, and 10 IV injuries) with an average follow-up of 35.2 ± 7.4 months. Notable differences in anterior tibial translation on stress radiography favouring ACLR persisted at 24-month follow-up in side-to-side difference (SSD) (ACLIB 2.8 ± 2.5 mm vs. ACLR 0.3 ± 2.6 mm; p = 0.0487), but Rolimeter test variance diminished (SSD ACLIB 2.5 ± 0.9 mm vs. ACLR 1.8 ± 1.7 mm). Both groups showed excellent PROMs (Lysholm Score: ACLIB 84.4 ± 15.8 vs. ACLR 89.9 ± 9.0; IKDC Score: ACLIB 77.1 ± 16.2 vs. ACLR 77.7 ± 8.6).Our results indicate improved anterior stability at 12 months, which persisted at 24 months after ACL reconstruction compared with ACL repair by stress radiography. Both groups showed favourable patient-reported outcomes throughout the follow-up period. Notable rates of postoperative knee stiffness were observed in both groups. These were successfully managed with early, one-time arthroscopic arthrolysis within the first seven months of treatment, resulting in no major range of motion limitations at the 24-month follow-up.Retrospective cohort study, III.Methods: This study compared mid-term outcomes of two anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) restoration techniques within an early total surgical care of acute knee dislocation: repair with additional internal bracing (ACLIB) and reconstruction with autograft (ACLR). Initial results at 12 months demonstrated that ACLR offered superior stability compared to ACLIB.Retrospective clinical study of patients with acute type III or IV KD. ACLIB or ACLR procedures were performed accompanied by simultaneous suture and internal bracing of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and repair with lateral augmentation of the medial and lateral complex injuries utilizing Arciero’s reconstruction technique. Patient-reported outcome measurements (PROMs), instrumental stability assessment via the Rolimeter-Test, and stress radiographs were analyzed.The study involved 20 patients (5 IIIM, 5 IIIL, and 10 IV injuries) with an average follow-up of 35.2 ± 7.4 months. Notable differences in anterior tibial translation on stress radiography favouring ACLR persisted at 24-month follow-up in side-to-side difference (SSD) (ACLIB 2.8 ± 2.5 mm vs. ACLR 0.3 ± 2.6 mm; p = 0.0487), but Rolimeter test variance diminished (SSD ACLIB 2.5 ± 0.9 mm vs. ACLR 1.8 ± 1.7 mm). Both groups showed excellent PROMs (Lysholm Score: ACLIB 84.4 ± 15.8 vs. ACLR 89.9 ± 9.0; IKDC Score: ACLIB 77.1 ± 16.2 vs. ACLR 77.7 ± 8.6).Our results indicate improved anterior stability at 12 months, which persisted at 24 months after ACL reconstruction compared with ACL repair by stress radiography. Both groups showed favourable patient-reported outcomes throughout the follow-up period. Notable rates of postoperative knee stiffness were observed in both groups. These were successfully managed with early, one-time arthroscopic arthrolysis within the first seven months of treatment, resulting in no major range of motion limitations at the 24-month follow-up.Retrospective cohort study, III.Results: This study compared mid-term outcomes of two anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) restoration techniques within an early total surgical care of acute knee dislocation: repair with additional internal bracing (ACLIB) and reconstruction with autograft (ACLR). Initial results at 12 months demonstrated that ACLR offered superior stability compared to ACLIB.Retrospective clinical study of patients with acute type III or IV KD. ACLIB or ACLR procedures were performed accompanied by simultaneous suture and internal bracing of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and repair with lateral augmentation of the medial and lateral complex injuries utilizing Arciero’s reconstruction technique. Patient-reported outcome measurements (PROMs), instrumental stability assessment via the Rolimeter-Test, and stress radiographs were analyzed.The study involved 20 patients (5 IIIM, 5 IIIL, and 10 IV injuries) with an average follow-up of 35.2 ± 7.4 months. Notable differences in anterior tibial translation on stress radiography favouring ACLR persisted at 24-month follow-up in side-to-side difference (SSD) (ACLIB 2.8 ± 2.5 mm vs. ACLR 0.3 ± 2.6 mm; p = 0.0487), but Rolimeter test variance diminished (SSD ACLIB 2.5 ± 0.9 mm vs. ACLR 1.8 ± 1.7 mm). Both groups showed excellent PROMs (Lysholm Score: ACLIB 84.4 ± 15.8 vs. ACLR 89.9 ± 9.0; IKDC Score: ACLIB 77.1 ± 16.2 vs. ACLR 77.7 ± 8.6).Our results indicate improved anterior stability at 12 months, which persisted at 24 months after ACL reconstruction compared with ACL repair by stress radiography. Both groups showed favourable patient-reported outcomes throughout the follow-up period. Notable rates of postoperative knee stiffness were observed in both groups. These were successfully managed with early, one-time arthroscopic arthrolysis within the first seven months of treatment, resulting in no major range of motion limitations at the 24-month follow-up.Retrospective cohort study, III.Conclusion: This study compared mid-term outcomes of two anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) restoration techniques within an early total surgical care of acute knee dislocation: repair with additional internal bracing (ACLIB) and reconstruction with autograft (ACLR). Initial results at 12 months demonstrated that ACLR offered superior stability compared to ACLIB.Retrospective clinical study of patients with acute type III or IV KD. ACLIB or ACLR procedures were performed accompanied by simultaneous suture and internal bracing of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and repair with lateral augmentation of the medial and lateral complex injuries utilizing Arciero’s reconstruction technique. Patient-reported outcome measurements (PROMs), instrumental stability assessment via the Rolimeter-Test, and stress radiographs were analyzed.The study involved 20 patients (5 IIIM, 5 IIIL, and 10 IV injuries) with an average follow-up of 35.2 ± 7.4 months. Notable differences in anterior tibial translation on stress radiography favouring ACLR persisted at 24-month follow-up in side-to-side difference (SSD) (ACLIB 2.8 ± 2.5 mm vs. ACLR 0.3 ± 2.6 mm; p = 0.0487), but Rolimeter test variance diminished (SSD ACLIB 2.5 ± 0.9 mm vs. ACLR 1.8 ± 1.7 mm). Both groups showed excellent PROMs (Lysholm Score: ACLIB 84.4 ± 15.8 vs. ACLR 89.9 ± 9.0; IKDC Score: ACLIB 77.1 ± 16.2 vs. ACLR 77.7 ± 8.6).Our results indicate improved anterior stability at 12 months, which persisted at 24 months after ACL reconstruction compared with ACL repair by stress radiography. Both groups showed favourable patient-reported outcomes throughout the follow-up period. Notable rates of postoperative knee stiffness were observed in both groups. These were successfully managed with early, one-time arthroscopic arthrolysis within the first seven months of treatment, resulting in no major range of motion limitations at the 24-month follow-up.Retrospective cohort study, III.Level of evidence: This study compared mid-term outcomes of two anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) restoration techniques within an early total surgical care of acute knee dislocation: repair with additional internal bracing (ACLIB) and reconstruction with autograft (ACLR). Initial results at 12 months demonstrated that ACLR offered superior stability compared to ACLIB.Retrospective clinical study of patients with acute type III or IV KD. ACLIB or ACLR procedures were performed accompanied by simultaneous suture and internal bracing of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and repair with lateral augmentation of the medial and lateral complex injuries utilizing Arciero’s reconstruction technique. Patient-reported outcome measurements (PROMs), instrumental stability assessment via the Rolimeter-Test, and stress radiographs were analyzed.The study involved 20 patients (5 IIIM, 5 IIIL, and 10 IV injuries) with an average follow-up of 35.2 ± 7.4 months. Notable differences in anterior tibial translation on stress radiography favouring ACLR persisted at 24-month follow-up in side-to-side difference (SSD) (ACLIB 2.8 ± 2.5 mm vs. ACLR 0.3 ± 2.6 mm; p = 0.0487), but Rolimeter test variance diminished (SSD ACLIB 2.5 ± 0.9 mm vs. ACLR 1.8 ± 1.7 mm). Both groups showed excellent PROMs (Lysholm Score: ACLIB 84.4 ± 15.8 vs. ACLR 89.9 ± 9.0; IKDC Score: ACLIB 77.1 ± 16.2 vs. ACLR 77.7 ± 8.6).Our results indicate improved anterior stability at 12 months, which persisted at 24 months after ACL reconstruction compared with ACL repair by stress radiography. Both groups showed favourable patient-reported outcomes throughout the follow-up period. Notable rates of postoperative knee stiffness were observed in both groups. These were successfully managed with early, one-time arthroscopic arthrolysis within the first seven months of treatment, resulting in no major range of motion limitations at the 24-month follow-up.Retrospective cohort study, III. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a correction notice for an article titled "Not every knee tumour is a ganglion - retrospective analysis of benign and malign tumour entities around the knee" published in the Archives of Orthopaedic & Trauma Surgery. The correction addresses an error in the caption of Figure 5, which incorrectly included a link to an external website. The correct caption for Figure 5 describes the different types of tumor entities near the knee joint. The original article has been corrected. The publisher, Springer Nature, maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims and institutional affiliations. The authors of the article are Peter Behrendt, T Grunow, Frosch K-H, M Krause, H Fahlbusch, and M Priemel. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction: Although open-surgical techniques for the reconstruction of the posterolateral corner (PLC) are well established, the use of arthroscopic procedures has recently increased. When compared with open surgical preparation, arthroscopic orientation in the PLC is challenging and anatomic relations may not be familiar. Nevertheless, a profound knowledge of anatomic key structures and possible structures at risk as well as technical variations of arthroscopic approaches are mandatory to allow a precise and safe surgical intervention. Materials and methods: In a cadaveric video demonstration, an anterolateral (AL), anteromedial (AM), posteromedial (PM) and posterolateral (PL) portal, as well as a transseptal approach (TSA) were developed. Key structures of the PLC were defined and sequentially exposed during posterolateral arthroscopy. Finally, anatomic relations of all key structures were demonstrated. Results: All key structures of the PLC can be visualized during arthroscopy. Thereby, careful portal placement is crucial in order to allow an effective exposure. Two alternatives of the TSA were described, depending on the region of interest. The peroneal nerve can be visualized dorsal to the biceps femoris tendon (BT), lateral to the soleus muscle (SM) and about 3 cm distal to the fibular styloid (FS). The distal attachment of the fibular collateral ligament (FCL) can be exposed on the lateral side of the fibular head (FH). The fibular attachment of the popliteofibular ligament (PFL) is exposed at the tip of the FS. Conclusion: Arthroscopy of the posterolateral recessus allows full visualization of all key structures of the posterolateral corner, which provides the basis for anatomic and safe drill channel placement in PLC reconstruction. A sufficient exposure of relevant anatomic landmarks and precise portal preparation reduce the risk of iatrogenic vascular and peroneal nerve injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meniscal integrity is a prerequisite for sustained knee joint health and prevention of meniscal degeneration is a main research goal. Cartilage-protective effects of selenium have been described, but little is known about the impact on the meniscus. We therefore investigated the influence of sodium selenite on meniscal explants under tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα)-stimulated proinflammatory conditions. Meniscal explant disks (3 mm diameter × 1 mm thickness) were isolated from 2-year-old cattle and incubated with TNFα (10 ng/ml) and sodium selenite (low dose, LoD 6.7 ng/ml as being found in Insulin-Transferrin-Selenium medium supplements, ITS; medium-dose, MeD 40 ng/ml described as physiological synovial concentration; high dose, HiD 100 ng/ml described as optimal serum concentration). After 3 days of culture glycosaminoglycan (GAG) release (DMMB assay), nitric oxide (NO) production (Griess assay), gene expression of matrix-degrading enzymes (quantitative RT-PCR), and apoptosis rate were determined. TNFα led to a significant raise of GAG release and NO production. LoD and MeD selenite significantly reduced the TNFα-induced GAG release (by 83, 55 %, respectively), NO production (by 59, 40 %, respectively), and apoptosis (by 68, 39 %, respectively). LoD and MeD selenite showed a tendency to reduce the TNFα-mediated increase of inducible NO-synthase (iNOS) levels, LoD selenite furthermore matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 transcription levels and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-4 levels. LoD and less pronounced MeD selenite show a substantial impact on the early meniscal inflammatory response. To our knowledge this is the first study showing the protective influence of selenium on meniscal tissue maintenance. To understand the superior potency of low-dose selenium on molecular level future studies are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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