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In recent years, some standards and frameworks proposed the risk management structures for managing and controlling IT risk that is the main component of enterprise governance of IT. Unfortunately, these frameworks have a retrospective view of threat analysis and less pay attention to future threats in the business environment, and do not propose adaptable solutions. At the same time, the current risk framework is not based on a strong scientific system modeling. In this research, the researcher proposed the Viable System Model (VSM) as an adaptable and comprehensive framework that is based on scientific modeling with the systematic approach for managing and controlling IT risk in today's complex business environment. This research did in a systematic action research methodology in the banking context in Iran. The results showed that by applying the VSM as a framework for managing IT risk, adaptability of IT risk criteria according to the future threats can be achieved by this framework. A comprehensive risk management framework (retrospective and prospective view) with a systematic approach could be achieved by this system modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Customer retention and finding a way to preserve the customers are the most important issues of any organization. The main purpose of the present study in machine learning is to focus on correctly identifying customer needs with a method based on extracting opinion and sentiment analysis and quantifying customers' sentiment orientation. In other words, the main issue is designing a recommender system to provide appropriate services according to customer satisfaction, sentiment, and experiences. The proposed method is based on customers' opinions and experiences, which are obtained by evaluating tweets containing hashtags with the titles and headings of banking services as a statistical population. So, after reconsideration, correlation scores in terms of people's sentiment score due to the tweets, cosine similarity, and reliability, consideration of relevant characteristic groups as well as recorded ideas in the training and testing process will be provided in the form of submitting a personalized offer to receive banking services. In order to represent a recommending solution, suitable classification methods are used along with the opinion mining methods and proper validation approach as well, and the terminal designed system with a little error will take steps to provide personalized services as well as help the banking system. As there is no thorough provision of banking services tailored to the customers' situation, therefore, the mentioned system will be extremely beneficial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital transformation is a collection of actions taken by organizations or a country to adopt new digital technologies to capture their interests and change the performance of an organization tremendously with a focus on disruptive technologies. Organizations need a clear strategy, proper organizational structure, digital capabilities, supportive organizational culture, and a balanced governance system to make the digital change. Stepping into the digital world and presenting innovative models (social media, mobile, big data, cloud computing, internet of things, artificial intelligence, fin-tech, blockchain, virtual reality, and augmented reality) give banks great opportunities to present new valuable offers, especially by combining their existing services with new digital capabilities. This study describes how to implement the digital transformation and respond to the disruption in an Iranian specialized bank (Bank Maskan), the steps, and how to go through these steps. Due to the complexity of the issues in the field of digital technologies, the Delphi method has been used to gather opinions and reach consensus among banking industry experts. In this research, we have sought to establish a clear process for the development and exploitation of innovations through new technologies and digital approaches in the bank by implementing digital transformation. In order to prepare the conditions, facilitate, and accelerate the passage of the digital transformation stages and to achieve the desired situation, a set of projects and measures have been determined. These projects are mainly about information technology and classified into three categories: infrastructure, development, and business based on the nature and level of their impact on business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence seems to be all pervasive and slowly has become an integral part of commercial entities. However, there needs to be an approach that can integrate human and machine interaction and make it a sustainable implementation. Using framework developed by Mohapatra (2019), we find that such parameters that can improve physical interactions with humans and domain processes. This article is an attempt to characterise these challenges and to exhibit a set of key decisional issues that need to be addressed for a cognitive robot to successfully share space and tasks with a human in retial services in a banking domain (Yang et al. in Inf Syst e-Bus Manag 17(1):1–25, 2019). Here, we identify first the needed individual and collaborative cognitive skills from the published framework and then apply them to a case study in retail banking domain. The article discusses each of these abilities, presents working implementations, and shows how they combine in a coherent and original deliberative architecture for human–robot interaction, which can be used for servicing customers (Tobias and Sebastian in Inf Syst e-Bus Manag 16(3):493–546, 2018). Supported by experimental results, we eventually show how explicit knowledge management, both symbolic and geometric, proves to be instrumental to richer and more natural human–robot interactions by pushing for pervasive, human-level semantics within the robot's deliberative system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic crisis has increased the inequality and heterogeneity of people at risk of social exclusion, and thus their financial vulnerability. This article reviews the literature on the determinants of unbanking and underbanking and proposes a model linking financial and social exclusion. We aimed to determine if people at risk of poverty and social exclusion are integrated -and to what extent- in the financial system. To answer this question, we identified the demographic and the social exclusion factors that determine both the status of financial vulnerability and the use of banking services. We used multivariate analysis methods to analyze the information from the survey on social vulnerability conducted by the Red Cross Spain in 2015. Our results show a negative relationship between the risk of social exclusion and the intensity of use of banking services. This can lead to financial vulnerability and exclusion in the most extreme situations. We suggest that underbanking is the most relevant-but not previously studied- situation of financial vulnerability in Europe and discuss its implications for policymakers. This paper contributes to the measurement of the link between financial and social exclusion, and is the first quantitative study on the use of banking products by vulnerable people in a European context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The association between service quality and customer satisfaction represents one of the fundamental relationships in marketing research. Although cross-sectional analysis has been commonly applied in such a context, the shift to a more dynamic approach appears to be a worthwhile change. A broad range of statistical methods exist for the management of data that arises from longitudinal designs. Based on pseudo-panel data collected from the banking sector, a latent growth curve model is proposed for the analysis of service quality in order to capture both intra-individual and inter-individual changes in customer satisfaction over time. Results also describe the impact of reliability on overall satisfaction for different customers' profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internet of Things is a paradigm that enables communication between different devices connected to a local network or to Internet. Identification and communication between sensors used in Internet of Things and devices like smart-phones or tablets are established using radio frequency identification technology. However, this technology still has several security and privacy issues because of its severe computational constraints. In 2011, Jeong and Anh proposed the combined use of an authentication radio frequency identification protocol together with a ticket issuing system for bank services (in J. Supercomput. 55:307, ). In this paper we show that their message generation is weak, because it abuses the XOR operation and the use of a counter, which leaks too much secret protocol information. Our analysis shows important security faults that ruin most of the security properties claimed in the original paper. More precisely, information privacy (via a disclosure and leakage attack) and location privacy (traceability attack) are both compromised. Moreover, an attacker can disrupt the proper working of the system by exploiting the fact that message integrity is not properly checked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The popularity of debit cards is good news from a social perspective since they carry a lower transaction cost than other non-cash payment methods. Unfortunately, the reason for this consumer driven growth remains a mystery. Consumers do not benefit from any of the gains created by the low transaction costs. Rather, the incentives being offered to consumers encourage them to use credit cards despite higher transaction costs. We demonstrate that consumers may be using debit cards as a means of budgetary precommitment when preferences are hyperbolic. Using data from the 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances, we find that consumers substitute debit use for investment in illiquid assets as a method of self constraint as incomes fall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]