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Single urea barium acetate (UBA) crystals are formed from an aqueous solution using the slow evaporation approach. Various characterization techniques were used to analyze the resulting crystal. The structural analysis shows it is a space group C monoclinic crystal system member. Using powder diffraction study results, the average crystallite size of the crystals by W–H plot is determined to be 46 nm. FTIR analysis was used to ascertain the occurrence of different functional groups. An optical absorption analysis was conducted, and perfect transparency in the visible light range was obtained at a reduced limiting wavelength of 310 nm and an optical band gap of 4 eV. An elemental analysis was conducted to ensure that every element was present in the crystal matrix. Analysis of the surface morphology was performed using scanning electron micrographs. According to study results on thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis, UBA is thermally stable up to 160 °C. The mechanical response was examined using Vicker’s microhardness tool. The Kurtz powder approach was employed to investigate the nonlinear optical character. The second harmonic generation efficiency is estimated to be 1.67 times higher than that of the pure KDP crystal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sustainable approach for the manufacture of palladium (Pd) nanoparticles utilizing Morinda citrifolia leaf extract was established. The topological, crystallographic, and composition and structure of a UV–Vis spectrophotometer have been utilized to evaluate the generated nanoparticles, TEM, XRD, and FTIR investigations. The created nanoparticles underwent additional testing to see how well they removed the dyes rhodamine 6G (Rh-6 G), methyl orange, and Congo red. The generated Pd nanorods fully decolored nearly 99.9% of the Rh-6G dye in about 10 min. Greener fabrication for metallic nanoparticles has regularly been established, and cleaner and more effective nanorods for pollutant remediation have also been created. This study reveals the environmentally friendly synthesis of Pd NRs and its uses in environmental remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the antibacterial activity of exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by the marine bacterium Bacillus halotolerans against clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens. EPS production was optimized by exploring different carbon sources with glucose, peptone, and calcium chloride identified as significant factors for enhanced production. The optimized medium achieved a production rate of 0.612 g/L, surpassing the unoptimized medium's production of 0.556 g/L. The EPS exhibited noteworthy hydroxyl scavenging activity and demonstrated hydrogen-donating ability by scavenging DPPH radicals. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed characteristic peaks representing hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, glycosidic linkages, and sulfate groups within the EPS structure. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis confirmed the complex and heterogeneous nature of the EPS, with glucose and galactose residues and the presence of polysaccharides identified. Monomer units of the EPS structure were identified as glucose and galactose, and a prominent peak at 7.942 min indicated the presence of beta-1,5-O-Dibenzoyl-ribofuranose. This study provides valuable insights into optimizing EPS production, characterizing its properties, and evaluating its antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas sp. strains. Further investigations are necessary to explore the potential applications and underlying mechanisms of these antibacterial EPS, contributing to advancements in microbiology and biotechnology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients will suffer from some level of discomfort as the disease progresses due to involvement with the respiratory system. Shrinking lung syndrome is an uncommon disease side effect. SLE has traditionally been treated with chemical immunosuppressants. But these chemical drugs have low solubility, a short half-life in circulation, poor solubility, and higher side effects. One of the most effective ways to extend the time of circulation is to combine pharmaceuticals with nanocarriers that are developed. This method is particularly interesting autoimmune disorders have not been widely employed for the treatment of cancer and other infectious diseases. Here, we use a novel biocompatible polysaccharide nanoparticle, effectively synthesizing a simple but universal drug delivery platform. The immunosuppressant azathioprine was initially conjugated onto the polysaccharide nanocarrier in this proof-of-concept trial for the treatment of SLE. The kidneys only cleared the AZA-PHA nanoparticles slowly, and they had a 30% cytotoxicity. Azathioprine-polysaccharide nanoparticles demonstrated greater therapeutic efficacy to azathioprine-polysaccharide nanoparticles in a murine SLE model without significantly increasing toxicity. This delivery method, which might act as a fresh and universal platform, might make it possible to treat SLE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current investigation was aimed to biologically synthesize silver nanoparticles utilizing Pyrostegia venusta leaf aqueous extract. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), zeta potential, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The antimicrobial activity was done against bacterial and fungal pathogens like Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Candida glabrata and finally subjected to anticancer activity and cell apoptotic pathway assessment against African green monkey kidney (COS-7) cell line. The UV–Vis observation showed a maximum absorbance at 381 nm; the AFM data confirmed spherical shape and poly-dispersed nature of particles. Later, FTIR analysis revealed the patterning of IR spectral bands and TEM images determined the smallest size of biological AgNPs as 12.56 nm. Zeta potential showed a sharp peak at − 31.7 mv, whereas SEM/EDX depicted spherical shape and poly-dispersed nature of AgNPs with 42.95% presence of silver in sample. The antagonistic potential of synthesized AgNPs was well indicated by the zone of inhibition formed around the agar well against pathogens at varying concentrations. The AgNPs showed highest and lowest activity against E. coli and C. albicans, respectively. The AgNPs displayed significantly increased cytotoxic activity against COS-7 cells in vitro, with IC50 value of 50.48 µg/ml. The anticancer activity was also assessed using cell apoptosis; the results depicted the potential of AgNPs to kill COS-7 cells by differential staining to visualize both dead and live cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shock wave impacts on bulk and nanocrystalline materials provide an ideal platform for understanding the stability of the crystallographic, electronic and magnetic phase of test specimens in harsh environments. In the current research work, we display the investigations on the stability of crystallographic and magnetic phases of technologically important zirconium oxide nanoparticles (ZrO2 NPs) at dynamic shocked conditions making use of X-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and vibrational sample magnetometer (VSM). Based on the observed X-ray diffraction results, the crystallographic structure (monoclinic–P21/c) of the title material is intact at shocked conditions, whereas VSM results show reversible magnetic states which follow the sequence of magnetic phase transitions Ferro–Ferri–Ferro–Ferri for the respective counts of 0, 50, 100 and 150 shocked conditions. Based on the convincing reversible magnetic phase transition behaviour, ZrO2 NPs can be a potential material for the applications in magnetic sensors and spintronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Divalent ferrite nano-crystalline materials subjected to shock wave recovery analysis bringing about prolific outcomes have received widespread attention among the materials scientists due to their outstanding contribution that has fueled the enrichment of science involving high-pressure ferrites which act as the focal-point of the current research theme. On those lines, we intend to provide the Raman spectroscopic and electrochemical measurements of manganese ferrite nanoparticles (MnFe2O4 NPs) at dynamic shocked conditions. Raman spectroscopic analysis has revealed the stability of the tetrahedral (A-site) and the octahedral (B-sites) sites of Mn2+ ions as well as Fe3+ ions at shocked conditions. Cyclic-voltammetry (CV-analysis) and impedance spectroscopic measurements of the shocked samples demonstrate the electro-chemical properties of MnFe2O4 NPs whose electrical conductivity is found to have reduced while increasing the number of shock pulses. The consolidated results provide the solid evidence that the test sample's crystal structure does not undergo any crystallographic phase transitions or mixed spinel states at shocked conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of static high-pressure compression on alkaline earth metal carbonate group of materials has been a long-standing research topic for the researchers of high-pressure and geology such that a tremendous amount of investigations have been conducted and found several interesting results particularly in the view point of crystallographic nature. But the research, undertaken so far, on the impact of dynamic shock waves on such carbonates group of materials remains to be very little. In the present article, barium carbonate (BaCO3) nanoparticles have been considered for the dynamic shock wave recovery experiments such that their structural performance against the impact of shock waves has been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopic and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) techniques. Interestingly, based on the observed analytical results, the title sample could retain its original crystal structure of Pmcn even at 200 shocked conditions achieved by shock waves of Mach number 2.2. Moreover, the title material shows higher shock resistance as compared to most of the familiar emerging materials of industrial prominence such as TiO2 and Co3O4 nanocrystalline materials. Due to the outstanding performance of the structural stability, BaCO3 can be a potential material for the manufacture of space electronic devices, optical glasses, electric condensers and aerospace vehicle pigment applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research work probes into the crystallographic and magnetic structural stability of barium ferrite nanoparticles (BaFe2O4 NPs) at dynamic shock wave-exposed conditions. Barium ferrite NPs have been prepared by co-precipitation method and the structural stability of the title ferrite has been scrutinized subsequent to the impact of shock waves (Mach number 2.2) at different counts of shocks viz., 50, 100 and 150, respectively, and their performance on shock resistance has been analyzed by the techniques of X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultra-violet diffused reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). Based on the results of the observed analytical measurements, it is substantiated that the test sample has not undergone any of the crystallographic phase transitions even though it has the crystal structure of polymorphism which manifests as the viable witness for the structural stability of the test sample that has been also authenticated by the XRD results. Very few slight changes are observed in the optical and magnetic properties of BaFe2O4 NPs at shocked conditions. More interestingly, the existence of mixed magnetic phase (ferro and anti-ferromagnetic) is witnessed at 50 and 100 shocked conditions because of the shock wave-induced directional disorder of the spin orientations of the test samples which is typically called "kink behavior". The observed results reveal that the divalent ferrite NPs of BaFe2O4 have high shock resistance than that of the technologically important ferrites such as ZnFe2O4 and α-Fe2O3 NPs. Hence, the title material could be considered as a prospective candidate for the aerospace device fabrication because of the exceptional stability of its structure against the shock wave impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present research article, the structural stability and performance of dye-doped potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) powder samples were assessed under loading of dynamic shock waves. The obtained powder x-ray diffraction (XRD) profiles revealed that orientation defects and micro-distortions occurred in the crystalline phase due to the impact of shock waves. The results show that the abovementioned structural parameters were significantly altered, whereas the shocks did not lead to any structural phase transformation even when loading 100 shock waves for all the KDP samples. Hence, we suggest that KDP crystals have structural stability against dynamic shock wave impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shock wave recovery experiments have been performed on a few nano-materials so far and the results show that it is very much possible to obtain tangible evidence for the stability of the materials at exposed conditions which is similar to that of the one prevailing at extreme environmental conditions. The title material of ZnO nanorods (ZnO NRs) have been synthesized by hydrothermal method and shock wave recovery experiment has been employed for ZnO NRs by utilizing a table-top pressure driven shock tube. For the present research work, we intend to investigate the optical and molecular vibrational characteristics of ZnO NRs at shocked conditions using UV-DRS and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. UV-DRS spectroscopic study reveals that the title material is highly stable in the visible region whereas its transmittance is slightly reduced in the UV region. The optical absorption of ZnO NRs is found to be increasing from 0.64 to 0.95 with respect to the number of shock pulses. The plot of the direct band gap shows that no phase transformation has occurred in ZnO NRs. Raman spectroscopic studies also reveal that ZnO NRs have stable crystalline system against the impact of shock waves. Due to the outstanding optical and structural properties, ZnO NRs are suggested for the space-related device applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As per the current trend in science and technology, the present strategic sectors which are focusing on the development of novel materials are continually relying very strongly on the materials science researchers who are in the forefront to fulfill the industrial requirements and expectations in terms of efficiency and stability for the materials. Based on their requirements, dissipation of the energy storage is one of the primary necessities rather than to increase the capacity of energy storage. Hence, it is imperative to find the potential materials to fulfill the requirements so that the journey of this search is still an ongoing process. The present investigation deals with the measurement of the ability of shock wave resistance for brookite TiO2 at dynamic shock wave-loaded conditions by utilizing diffraction and spectroscopic methods. Based on the assessments of the above-mentioned techniques, brookite phase remained stable even at 300 shocks indicating that the brookite phase is a highly stable phase, and it could be noted that anatase TiO2 has undergone rutile phase at shocked conditions. Hence, brookite TiO2 is considered as a high shock-resistant material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, dynamic shock wave-driven investigation carried out on the crystallographic phase stabilities of nano-materials has led to the accumulation of massive explosion of innovations which materialize in identifying the efficient materials so that such kinds of assessments are highly required before putting them into practical applications. Surprisingly, at shocked conditions, most of the materials are found to have undergone phase transition or a variety of changes have been observed in their stability as well as efficiency. Hence, device engineers are highly focused on the search of high shock-resistant materials for applications point of view especially for aerospace, defense, and military applications. In the present context, we have chosen one of the most familiar divalent metal ferrites of cubic copper ferrite nanocrystalline material (CuFe2O4 NPs) for the analysis of structural stability and the results have been screened by X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as ultra-violet diffuse reflectance spectroscopic (UV-DRS) techniques. Magnetic phase stability has been evaluated by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Interestingly, the title ferrite does not experience any crystallographic and magnetic phase transition even though it has polymorphic nature and variety of magnetic states. Therefore, it could be confirmed that CuFe2O4 NPs have considerable shock-resistant behavior for both crystallographic and magnetic phases. The results are discussed in the upcoming sections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study reveals the robust and facile methodology for the synthesis of massively selective dispiro-3-phenylpyrrolothiazole hybrids via one-pot 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction by environmentally supported solvents and to evaluate their biological activities. The quaternary ammonium salt eutectic mixture, acetylcholine iodide-ethylene glycol (ACI/EG) medium brings an efficient environment for the synthesis of dispiropyrrolothiazole with excellent yield in shorter reaction time than imidazolium ionic liquids. The eutectic mixture was recovered and reused without any significant drop in their catalytic activity. Among the eight synthesized compounds 4a–h, halogen derivatives are exhibiting significant antimicrobial activities against selected uropathogens pathogens. Interestingly, chloro and bromo derivatives exhibits the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 12.5 μg/ml and 6.25 μg/ml towards Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Staphylococcus aureus respectively. In addition, the IC50 values of DPPH radicals with synthesized compounds are interesting, particularly compounds 4a, 4d and 4e shows lower than the control BHA indicating their potent scavenging ability of free radicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Spiropyrrolidine tethered piperidone heterocyclic hybrids were synthesized with complete regio- and stereoselectively in excellent yield via a tandem three-component 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and subsequent enamine reaction in [bmim]Br. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anticancer activity against FaDu hypopharyngeal tumor cells.Findings: Interestingly, most compounds displayed cytotoxicities similar to the standard anticancer agent bleomycin, with two of them (5a and 5g) being slightly more active than the reference drug.Conclusion: Synthesized compounds have also been evaluated for their apoptosis-inducing properties in a cancer cell model, finding that treatment with compounds 5a-e led to apoptotic cell death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]