Search

The non-Abelian gauge structure of the Standard Model (SM) implies the presence of multi-boson self-interactions. Precise measurements of these interactions allow testing the nature of the SM and new physics contributions arising from the beyond SM. The investigation of these interactions can be approached in a model-independent manner using an effective theory approach, which forms the main motivation of this study. In this paper, we examine the anomalous neutral quartic gauge couplings through the process γ γ → Z Z at the Compact Linear Collider with the center-of-mass energy of s = 3 TeV and integrated luminosity of L = 5 a b - 1 . The anomalous neutral quartic gauge couplings are implemented into FeynRules to generate a UFO module inserted into Madgraph to create background and signal events. These events are passed through Pythia 8 for parton showering and Delphes to include realistic detector effects. We obtain that the sensitivities on the anomalous quartic neutral gauge couplings with 95 % Confidence Level are given as: f T 0 / Λ 4 = [ - 1.06 ; 1.08 ] × 10 - 3 TeV - 4 , f T 1 / Λ 4 = [ - 1.06 ; 1.08 ] × 10 - 3 TeV - 4 , f T 2 / Λ 4 = [ - 1.06 ; 1.08 ] × 10 - 3 TeV - 4 , f T 0 / Λ 4 = [ - 1.06 ; 1.08 ] × 10 - 3 TeV - 4 , f T 5 / Λ 4 = [ - 4.08 ; 4.08 ] × 10 - 4 TeV - 4 and f T 8 / Λ 4 = [ - 1.10 ; 1.10 ] × 10 - 4 TeV - 4 . Our results on the anomalous quartic neutral gauge couplings are set to a more stringent sensitivity concerning the recent experimental limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quartic gauge boson couplings that identify the strengths of the gauge boson self-interactions are exactly determined by the non-Abelian gauge nature of the Standard Model. The examination of these couplings at ep collisions with high center-of-mass energy and high integrated luminosity provides an important opportunity to test the validity of the Standard Model and the existence of new physics beyond the Standard Model. The quartic gauge boson couplings can contribute directly to multi-boson production at colliders. Therefore, we examine the potential of the process e p → ν e W + W - j at the Large Hadron Electron Collider and the Future Circular Collider-hadron electron to study non-standard WWWW couplings in a model independent way by means of the effective Lagrangian approach. We present an investigation on measuring W + W - production in pure leptonic and semileptonic decay channels. In addition, we calculate the sensitivity limits at 95 % Confidence Level on the anomalous f M 0 Λ 4 , f M 1 Λ 4 , f M 7 Λ 4 , f S 0 Λ 4 , f S 1 Λ 4 , f T 0 Λ 4 , f T 1 Λ 4 and f T 2 Λ 4 couplings obtained by dimension-8 operators through the process e p → ν e W + W - j for the Large Hadron Electron Collider and the Future Circular Hadron Electron Collider's different center-of-mass energies and integrated luminosities. Our results show that with the process e p → ν e W + W - j at the Large Hadron Electron Collider and the Future Circular Collider-hadron electron the sensitivity estimated on the anomalous WWWW couplings can be importantly strengthened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a study is carried out on the e - p → e - γ ∗ p → p W - γ ν e production to probe quartic W + W - γ γ couplings at the Large Hadron electron Collider (LHeC) with s = 1.30 , 1.98 TeV and at the Future Circular Collider-hadron electron (FCC-he) with s = 3.46 , 5.29 TeV . Production cross-sections are determined for both at leptonic and hadronic decay channels of the W-boson. With the data from future e - p colliders, it is possible to obtain sensitivity measures at 95 % C.L. on the anomalous f M , i / Λ 4 and f T , j / Λ 4 couplings which are competitive with the limits obtained by the LHC, as well as with others limits reported in the literature. The production mode e - p → e - γ ∗ p → p W - γ ν e in e - p collisions offers a window for study the quartic W + W - γ γ electroweak bosons couplings at the LHeC and the FCC-he, which provides a much cleaner collision environment than the LHC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conduct a study on measuring W + W - production and on the sensitivity limits at 95% confidence level on thirteen anomalous couplings obtained by dimension-8 operators related to the anomalous quartic W + W - γ γ couplings. We consider the main e - p → e - γ ∗ γ ∗ p → e - W + W - p reaction with the sub-process γ ∗ γ ∗ → W + W - at the Large Hadron electron Collider (LHeC) and the Future Circular Collider-hadron electron (FCC-he). For the LHeC, energies of the e - beams are taken to be E e = 60 and 140 GeV and the energy of the p beams is taken to be E p = 7 TeV. For the FCC-he, energies of the e - beams are taken to be E e = 60 and 140 GeV and the energy of the p beams is taken to be E p = 50 TeV, respectively. It is interesting to note that the LHeC and the FCC-he will lead to model-independent limits on the anomalous quartic W + W - γ γ couplings which are one order of magnitude more stringent than the CMS Collaboration limits and are competitive with other limits reported in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims/hypothesis: Metabolomics technologies have identified numerous blood biomarkers for type 2 diabetes risk in case−control studies of middle-aged and older individuals. We aimed to validate existing and identify novel metabolic biomarkers predictive of future diabetes in large cohorts of young adults. Methods: NMR metabolomics was used to quantify 229 circulating metabolic measures in 11,896 individuals from four Finnish observational cohorts (baseline age 24–45 years). Associations between baseline metabolites and risk of developing diabetes during 8–15 years of follow-up (392 incident cases) were adjusted for sex, age, BMI and fasting glucose. Prospective metabolite associations were also tested with fasting glucose, 2 h glucose and HOMA-IR at follow-up. Results: Out of 229 metabolic measures, 113 were associated with incident type 2 diabetes in meta-analysis of the four cohorts (ORs per 1 SD: 0.59–1.50; p< 0.0009). Among the strongest biomarkers of diabetes risk were branched-chain and aromatic amino acids (OR 1.31–1.33) and triacylglycerol within VLDL particles (OR 1.33–1.50), as well as linoleic n-6 fatty acid (OR 0.75) and non-esterified cholesterol in large HDL particles (OR 0.59). The metabolic biomarkers were more strongly associated with deterioration in post-load glucose and insulin resistance than with future fasting hyperglycaemia. A multi-metabolite score comprised of phenylalanine, non-esterified cholesterol in large HDL and the ratio of cholesteryl ester to total lipid in large VLDL was associated with future diabetes risk (OR 10.1 comparing individuals in upper vs lower fifth of the multi-metabolite score) in one of the cohorts (mean age 31 years). Conclusions/interpretation: Metabolic biomarkers across multiple molecular pathways are already predictive of the long-term risk of diabetes in young adults. Comprehensive metabolic profiling may help to target preventive interventions for young asymptomatic individuals at increased risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Christina M. Lill, who contributed to analysis of data, was inadvertently omitted from the author list in the originally published version of this article. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

General cognitive function is a prominent and relatively stable human trait that is associated with many important life outcomes. We combine cognitive and genetic data from the CHARGE and COGENT consortia, and UK Biobank (total N = 300,486; age 16–102) and find 148 genome-wide significant independent loci (P < 5 × 10−8) associated with general cognitive function. Within the novel genetic loci are variants associated with neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders, physical and psychiatric illnesses, and brain structure. Gene-based analyses find 709 genes associated with general cognitive function. Expression levels across the cortex are associated with general cognitive function. Using polygenic scores, up to 4.3% of variance in general cognitive function is predicted in independent samples. We detect significant genetic overlap between general cognitive function, reaction time, and many health variables including eyesight, hypertension, and longevity. In conclusion we identify novel genetic loci and pathways contributing to the heritability of general cognitive function. Cognitive function is associated with health and important life outcomes. Here, the authors perform a genome-wide association study for general cognitive function in 300,486 individuals and identify genetic loci that implicate neural and cell developmental pathways in this trait. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]