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The inheritance of traditional handicraft of intangible cultural heritage is facing an unprecedented crisis. The essence of inheritance is the process of imparting and inheriting from master to apprentice, but there is acute shortage of research about the parties, the relationship and the behavior of inheritance. Therefore, choosing inherited behavior as a starting point to explore the inner formation mechanism of master and apprentice inheritance in traditional handicraft, as well as determining the influencing factors of the inheritance, have important theoretical value and practical significance for the inheritance of intangible cultural heritage. Using 4 traditional handicraft inheritance institutions in China as case objects, 37 inheritance parties and 21 mentoring matching groups were interviewed. Through standard case analysis and three-step coding method of grounded theory, it is found that skill generation involves the stages of inquiry, interaction and feedback, as well as the following steps:cognition of skill generation, coupling of skill generation, automation of skill generation, etc. Through coding, 12 categories and 33 specific influencing factors are identified. Among them, individual factors influence interaction relation, and the interaction relation has a concrete influence on the process of inheritance, affecting the ultimate effect of inheritance. This study is of reference value for improving the relationship between masters and apprentices and promoting the effective inheritance of traditional handicraft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historically, clinical trialists developed DMC expertise and experience with "on the job training". Clinical trialists have recognized a large and growing gap between the demand and supply of trained DMC members due in part to the huge increase in ongoing clinical trials. A critical need exists to increase the supply of DMC trained clinicians and biostatisticians. Despite a rich collection of published training material, many have recommended a mentoring process to train clinical trialists and data scientists lacking DMC experience. We propose that academic, regulatory, industry and other leaders in clinical trials support including investigators lacking DMC experience as members of a DMC so that they can be trained to learn about the DMC processes during conduct of an actual trial". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study's aim is to examine vocational students' perceptions of self-regulated learning in work-based settings regarding Finnish vocational education and training (VET). We examined the participants' self-reported thoughts and experiences of VET learning and vocational development that were reflected against SRL theory. The interview data (N = 33) included apprentices (n = 15) in work-based and students in school-based VET (n = 18) in the fields of social and healthcare, business and administration, and construction. Overall, the results indicated that learning at work promoted vocational students' cognitive engagement and motivation. The interviews also introduced certain SRL strategies that guided the participants' efforts to learn. In particular, many of the vocational students had taken the initiative to set goals, done strategic planning, and monitored their own performance jointly with their teachers or co-workers. However, the self-reports also revealed some shortcomings in the students' SRL behaviour. The importance and availability of social support and positive feedback from VET teachers and workplace trainers/co-workers to vocational students' learning and self-efficacy were underlined in the self-reports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The aim of this study is to determine the knowledge and attitudes of apprentices about sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Apprentices are the students who are not able to continue their formal education after primary education in Turkey. This descriptive and cross sectional study was conducted at the 'Apprenticeship Training School' in Antalya during February 2007. 1,186 of the 1,500 apprentice students, who were registered at the Apprenticeship Training School, agreed to participate in the study. Participants completed a questionnaire in the classroom which was aimed at determining the level of their knowledge and attitudes about STDs. Percentages and chi square analysis were used in data analysis. 60.9% of the participants recognized at least one of the STDs' names. The most familiar STD was AIDS (67.4%). 83.6% of the participants did not know about the symptoms of STDs. Only 23.4% of participants reported at least one of the possible contraction of STDs of the STDs and 28.1% indicated that they had knowledge about the protection methods against STDs. 51.4% of the apprentices' believed that healthy looking persons could also be infectious and most of the STDs were curable (47.6%). Age, gender, the field of apprenticeship and being educated about STDs emerged as the important demographic characteristics on being acquainted with the symptoms, as well as transmission of and protection from the STDs. Results show that STDs' names and the contraction of and protection from the STDs were known better by the male participants, participants from the field of the personal hygiene education and apprentices whom had prior education about STDs. Results emphasize the need to strengthen the apprentices' STD education on all aspects, including their attitudes and safe sexual practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We think of bookstore chains-Barnes and Noble, Brentanos, Walden Books, or the defunct Borders-as recent phenomena. But, the roots of franchised bookselling lie deep in American publishing history. A case can be made that late eighteenth century publisher-printer Isaiah Thomas, of Boston and Worcester, Massachusetts, was the originator of the bookstore chain. At his zenith, Thomas and various partners had eleven stores operating in a network reaching from Boston to Albany to Baltimore, with branches in New Hampshire and Vermont. Driving the Thomas publishing-bookselling enterprise was a form of vertical corporate integration of publishing services (all the way from papermaking to distribution of product) that would, under today's antitrust laws be hard to justify legally. At the time, in the 1790s-1810, Thomas's multiple interlocking businesses were, nonetheless, truly a bookman's empire, with bestsellers like almanacs and textbooks leading the way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]