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Abstract The inclusiveness and “fragmentation” of digital trade have created new possibilities for enterprises that used to face disadvantages in traditional trade, which may reshape the income pattern of enterprises. The increase in digital trade exports positively affects the equalization of inter-firm and intra-industry wages, which exacerbates inter-industry wage inequality. Digital trade exports push the median wage upward and reduce the number of low-wage enterprises. However, it is difficult for high-yield export companies to escape the fate of “the top being cut”. Furthermore, digital trade exports improve the margin of export density and inhibit the marginal category of goods and the market margin, thereby promoting wage equalization among enterprises. Furthermore, there are certain heterogeneity effects on various categories of digital trade, varying levels of intensity of Internet use, different types of enterprises, different locations of industrial chains, and the regional pattern in eastern, central, and western areas.

Abstract Achieving green economic growth requires enterprises to develop and promote green products that balance environmental protection, intensive resource utilization, and sustainable development. However, under the externality assumption, the green market is often faced with the challenge of insufficient supply. Based on 2004–2018 panel data covering regional industrial enterprises in 30 provinces in China, this study empirically tests the composite driving mechanism of the effect of an increase in the regional green production capacity, organizational factors, and environmental policies on the green product innovation (GPI) of regional export-oriented industrial enterprises (REIEs). This study finds that the increase in regional green production capacity directly drives an improvement in REIEs’ GPI level, that the regional green technology level and degree of human capital accumulation are indirect driving channels between capacity increases and product innovation, and that environmental regulations and green credit have a positive moderating effect on the influence of increasing green production capacity on GPI. Further threshold regression analysis reveals that increasing green production capacity, foreign direct investment, digitization, and trade openness have an inverted U-shaped promoting effect on GPI and that the proportion of local government expenditure shows a diminishing marginal utility effect on GPI.

Abstract The role of venture capital in promoting entrepreneurship and funding innovation cannot be underestimated. However, it is important to acknowledge noteworthy concerns associated with collusive behavior in the venture capital process. “Guanxi” is a relatively intimate and closed social relationship, which can impact venture capital through trust and social obligations. Drawing on the theories of unethical pro-relational behavior and social networks, using data from GEM-listed companies supported by venture capital from 2009 to 2021, this research investigates the phenomenon of collusion behavior between venture capitalists and entrepreneurs, with a particular focus on the influence of “guanxi”. The research finds that the presence of “guanxi” between venture capitalists and entrepreneurs tends to facilitate collusive behavior. Specifically, “guanxi” tends to increase entrepreneurial self-interest behavior, and venture capitalists’ returns, infringe upon minority shareholders’ interests, and increase corporate operational risk. Moreover, the study further explores the moderator effect of equity incentives on such collusion behavior. This research not only enriches the theoretical framework of the relationship between “guanxi” and venture capital activities but also provides insight into the ethical implications associated with “guanxi”, contributing to the broader literature on social relationships and unethical behavior.

Abstract Many astronomers in Western countries may have taken open data sharing (ODS) for granted to enhance astronomical discoveries and productivity. However, how strong such an assumption holds among Chinese astronomers has not been investigated or deliberated extensively. This may hinder international ODS with Chinese astronomers and lead to a misunderstanding of Chinese astronomers’ perceptions and practices of ODS. To fill this gap, we conducted a qualitative study comprising 14 semi-structured interviews and 136 open-ended survey responses with Chinese astronomers to understand their choices and concerns regarding ODS. We found that many Chinese astronomers conducted ODS to promote research outputs and respected it as a tradition. Some Chinese astronomers have advocated for data rights protection and data infrastructure’s further improvement in usability and availability to guarantee their ODS practices. Still, some Chinese astronomers agonized about ODS regarding the validity of oral commitment with international research groups and the choices between international traditions and domestic customs in ODS. We discovered two dimensions in Chinese astronomers’ action strategies and choices of ODS and discussed their descriptions and consequences. We also proposed the implications of our research for enhancing international ODS in future work.

Abstract The teaching objectives of traditional approaches in higher education emphasize mostly students’ mastery of knowledge and have insufficient directionality to social needs. In this study, we developed a BOPPPS (Bridge-in, Objectives, Pre-assessment, Participatory Learning, Post-assessment and Summary) teaching model combined with the OBE (Outcome Based Education) concept to enhance the teaching outcomes. Firstly, based on the graduation requirements and professional training objectives of students, we divided the course objectives into three dimensions (knowledge, ability and quality), and further specified into index points. Then, the teaching content of each chapter was set to correspond with the index points. Finally, the BOPPPS teaching model was used to meet each requirement. Clinical biochemistry testing course was used as a model to assess the effects of the teaching reform. After the class, the teaching effect was analyzed based on the questionnaire surveys from the students and their scores of both the chapter and final examinations. The results showed that compared with the traditional approach, the BOPPPS teaching model combined with the OBE concept has demonstrated a notable enhancement in student engagement, and significant improvement of their mastery of knowledge, application skills, and problem-solving abilities. The examination scores of the BOPPPS group were markedly higher than those of the traditional group. Moreover, the difference between the two groups diverse assessment scores was much bigger than that between the two group examination scores. Our study indicates that the BOPPPS teaching model combined with the OBE concept is a highly effective teaching model for enhancing the learning effectiveness of students.

Abstract This study aims to investigate the impact of digital capabilities on business model innovation, and emphasizes the pivotal mediating role of dynamic capabilities, comprising sensing, seizing, and reconfiguring resources, in translating digital strengths into innovative business models. And also uncovers a nuanced perspective on organizational inertia, showcasing its potential to positively moderate the relationship between digital capabilities and business model innovation. A questionnaire-based, time-lagged study with a 1-week interval. From January 2023 to March 2023, we collected a total of 262 questionnaires from entrepreneurs located in the Pearl River-West River Economic Belt, such as Guangzhou and Nanning, China. To analyse the moderation and mediation model, we utilized The PROCESS Model 5. Digital capabilities have a positive impact on the innovation of enterprises’ business models. Moreover, the connection between digital capabilities and business model innovation is mediated by dynamic capability. The findings also illustrate that organisational inertia moderates the relationship between digital capabilities and business model innovation. This study contributes to the existing literature on enterprise sustainable development by shedding light on the mediating and moderating mechanisms through which digital capabilities enhance business model innovation in enterprises. These findings offer valuable insights for enterprises aiming to thrive in dynamic markets, emphasizing the importance of a balanced approach to digital innovation, and instrumental for entrepreneurs seeking to refine their organisational strategies, particularly by bolstering their digital capabilities.

The neighborhood effect has become an important framework with which to study the mechanisms that maintain the coexistence of tree species. Phylogenetic relatedness among neighboring plants directly affects species coexistence and the maintenance of tree diversity. And some studies have reported that seedling performance is negatively correlated with phylogenetic relatedness, which termed phylogenetic negative density dependence. Soil-borne fungal pathogens affected seedling performance of phylogenetically related host species, i.e., phylogenetic Janzen–Connell effect. Seedlings may be particularly vulnerable to habitat and neighbor characteristics. Although previous studies have demonstrated the influence of neighborhood effects, phylogenetic relatedness, and habitat filtering on seedling survival, growth, and mortality, the effect of variation in these factors on seedling abundance remains unclear. To address this question, we used a 4-ha (200 m × 200 m) and monitored four-year (2020–2023) seedling dataset from a mid-montane humid evergreen broad-leaved subtropical forest in the Gaoligong Mountains, Yunnan, Southwestern China, and which consisted of 916 seedlings belonging to 56 species. The results of generalized linear mixed models showed no significant effect of conspecific adult neighbors on seedling abundance at any of the intervals evaluated. In contrast, we found evidence of phylogenetic distance density dependence in the forests of the Gaoligong Mountains. Specifically, there was a significant positive effect of the relative average phylogenetic distance between heterospecific adult neighbors and focal seedlings on focal seedling abundance in 2020; however, the relative average phylogenetic distance between heterospecific seedling neighbors and focal seedlings had a significant negative effect on seedling abundance over the four-year period (2020–2023). Among the habitat factors, only light (canopy opening) had a negative effect on seedling abundance in all four years. Light resources may be a limiting factor for seedlings, and determine seedling dynamics in subtropical forests. Overall, our results demonstrated that phylogenetic density dependence and habitat filtering affected subtropical seedling abundance. Our findings provide new evidence of the impact of phylogenetic density dependence on seedling abundance in a subtropical mid-montane humid evergreen broad-leaved forest and highlight the need to incorporate the neighborhood effect, phylogenetic relatedness, and habitat factors in models assessing seedling abundance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spodoptera litura (S. litura) is a polyphagous pest of the family Lepidoptera, which causes damage and yields losses to many crops. The long-term use of chemical pesticides for control not only seriously threatens environmental health, but also causes S. litura to develop drug resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop environmentally safe and friendly biogenic pesticides. However, the mechanism of action of the secondary metabolite (surfactin) of Bacillus Vélezensis (B. vélezensis) on lepidopteran pests (S. litura) has not been reported yet. We found that several metabolites and genes in S. litura were affected by surfactin exposure. The expressions of the metabolites (protoporphyrinogen (PPO), gluconolactone (GDL), and L-cysteate) were significantly down-regulated while glutamate and hydroxychloroquine were significantly up-regulated. The expression levels of genes related to drug metabolism and detoxification, include the glutathione s-transferase (GST) gene family and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), and apoptosis-inhibiting genes (seven in absentia homolog 1(SIAH1)) were significantly decreased. In addition, pathological changes occurred in intestinal wall cells, Malpighian tubule cells, and nerve cells of S. litura under surfactin stress. Conclusively, our results suggest that surfactin induces an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and damages S. litura cells. Furthermore, based on the integrated analysis of transcriptomic and metabolomic data, it is hypothesized that surfactin may also trigger neurotoxicity and cardiotoxicity in S. litura while hindering the insect's detoxification processes. This study lays a foundation for further exploration of surfactin as a potential biopesticide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved outcomes for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma. This is an analysis of 127 patients with HIV with Burkitt lymphoma (HIV-BL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (HIV-DLBCL) treated at the Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University over a 17-year period during the ART and rituximab era. The median CD4 count for the cohorts was 0.141 × 109/L (range, 0.001-0.861 × 109/L). DA-EPOCH ± R (54%) were most commonly used in HIV-BL. CHOP± R (42%) was most commonly used to treat HIV-DLBCL. The complete response rate after first-line curative therapy was 10/28 (36%) in HIV-BL and 25/57 (44%) in HIV-DLBCL. The 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for the HIV-BL cohort was 50% and 41% respectively. The 2-year PFS and OS for the HIV-DLBCL cohort was 55% and 47% respectively. Current China practice favours the treatment of HIV-BL and HIV-DLBCL similarly to the HIV-negative population with the use of concurrent ART. However, due to the extremely low percentage of patients receiving ART prior to the lymphoma diagnosis, the high percentage of patients with poor performance status, and the advanced stage at diagnosis, the treatment of HIV-related lymphoma remains the major challenge in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complex condition with diverse etiology and outcomes. Utilizing a data-driven clustering approach holds promise in identifying distinct CKD subgroups associated with specific risk profiles for death. Methods: Unsupervised consensus clustering was utilized to classify chronic kidney disease (CKD) into subtypes based on 45 baseline characteristics in a cohort of 6,526 participants from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning the years 1999–2000 to 2017–2018.We examined the associations between CKD subgroups and clinical endpoints related to mortality, including all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality, cancer mortality, and mortality due to other causes. Results: A total of 6,526 individuals with CKD were classified into four clusters at baseline. Cluster 1 (n = 508) comprised patients with relatively favorable levels of cardiac and kidney function markers, lower prevalence of cancer and higher prevalence of obesity, lower medication usage, and younger age. Cluster 4 (n = 2,029) comprised patients with the worst cardiac and kidney function markers. The characteristics of cluster 2 (n = 1,439) and 3 (n = 2,550) fell in between these two clusters. From cluster 1 to cluster 4, we observed a gradual increase in the hazard ratios of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality, and mortality due to other causes. Additionally, further sensitivity analysis revealed patient heterogeneity among predefined subgroups with similar baseline kidney function and mortality risks. Conclusions: Consensus clustering integrated baseline clinical and laboratory measures, revealing distinct CKD subgroups with markedly different risks of death, suggesting that further examination of patient subgroups could advance precision medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inclusiveness and "fragmentation" of digital trade have created new possibilities for enterprises that used to face disadvantages in traditional trade, which may reshape the income pattern of enterprises. The increase in digital trade exports positively affects the equalization of inter-firm and intra-industry wages, which exacerbates inter-industry wage inequality. Digital trade exports push the median wage upward and reduce the number of low-wage enterprises. However, it is difficult for high-yield export companies to escape the fate of "the top being cut". Furthermore, digital trade exports improve the margin of export density and inhibit the marginal category of goods and the market margin, thereby promoting wage equalization among enterprises. Furthermore, there are certain heterogeneity effects on various categories of digital trade, varying levels of intensity of Internet use, different types of enterprises, different locations of industrial chains, and the regional pattern in eastern, central, and western areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era of digitalization and under the context of "dual carbon", The green attributes of the digital economy have attracted attention, and it is worth exploring whether it can reduce carbon emissions. This paper uses inter-provincial data from 2011 to 2021 to examine whether the digital economy will play a positive role in carbon reduction. The findings are as follows: (1) There is a significant negative effect of digital economy development level on carbon emission intensity. (2) In the mediation test section, it is verified that the digital economy can reduce carbon emission intensity by optimizing the industrial structure, promoting the transformation of the energy consumption structure, improving green technology innovation, and optimizing the allocation of resources. (3) The article includes government intervention and human capital as moderating variables, and the results show that Human capital has a positive moderating effect between digital economy and carbon emission intensity, while government intervention has a negative moderating effect. (4) Digital economy has threshold effect on carbon emission intensity. (5) The influence of digital economy on carbon emission intensity shows a heterogeneous relationship between regions and factor endowments. The carbon emission reduction of digital economy in western and northeastern regions is more significant, and the abundance or scarcity of capital, labor and technology factors have different impacts on the carbon emission reduction effect of digital economy. At the same time, it further analyzes the influence of the difference of local government behavior. This paper argues that provinces and cities should strengthen the construction of digital economy, and at the same time should promote the coordinated development of digital economy among regions, which is important to achieve carbon emission reduction.Article Highlights: The impact of the lnDE on lnCEI in 30 provinces and cities from 2011–2021 was studied. The mediating, threshold, and moderating effects were investigated. The lnDE can significantly reduce the lnCEI. Gov and lnHumc can positively moderate the impact of on lnCEI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unmet need for mental health care is a global concern. There is a lack of cross-cultural studies examining adolescent help-seeking behavior from both formal and informal sources, including both high-and lower-income countries. This study investigates mental health help-seeking behavior in eight Asian and European countries. Data from 13,184 adolescents aged 13–15 (51% girls) was analysed using mixed-effects logistic regression with school-wise random intercepts to compare countries and genders. Although a significant proportion of adolescents considered getting or sought informal help, formal help-seeking remained exceptionally low, especially in middle-income countries (< 1%), while it ranged from 2 to 7% in high-income countries. Among adolescents with high emotional and behavioral problems (scoring above the 90th percentile on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire), 1–2% of those in middle-income countries and 6–25% of those in high-income countries sought formal help. Girls generally seek more help than boys. The study shows the most adolescents do not receive formal help for mental health problems. The unmet need gap is enormous, especially in lower-income countries. Informal sources of support, including relatives, peers, and teachers, play a crucial role, especially in lower-income countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, PHREEQC software was used to calculate the saturation index of insoluble minerals, the pH boundary values of precipitated CaCO3, and the boundary values of Ca2+ and HCO3− concentrations in relation to the uranium extraction process and the chemical composition of leaching in the Nalinggou uranium deposit. Based on the comparative analysis results of the mineral composition and chemical composition of the primary rock and the blockage, the formation of the blockage containing the mineral layer is mainly related to the pH-value and the corresponding ion concentration of the leaching solution, the sediment can be effectively avoided in the boundary value range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the emerging service economy globally, nurturing university students to be service leaders possessing the leadership qualities of competence, character and care is of great importance. Through service-learning (SL), the academic learning of the students on Service Leadership can be consolidated. In the present study, we piloted a SL subject on Service Leadership in a university in the Southwestern part of China. After learning the basic academic knowledge on Service Leadership, seven students provided service for the Yi minority adolescents in Liangshan using the rural version of the program. To understand the impact of SL on the service recipients, a single group pretest-posttest design was used to assess the changes in Yi minority adolescents (N = 79) before and after they received the service. We also conducted subjective outcome evaluation of the service providers (the university students providing the service) and service recipients (Yi adolescents). Results showed that the service recipients had significant positive changes in the outcome indicators and they had positive perceptions of the program. The qualitative evaluation findings are also encouraging. The findings provide evidence supporting the use of SL in nurturing service leadership qualities in university students in mainland China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contour farming technology plays a key role in reducing soil erosion, enhancing water use efficiency, and fostering sustainable agricultural development. Despite being a straightforward yet efficacious farming technique, it has not seen widespread implementation in China. Considering the deteriorating quality of arable lands in the Black Soil Region of Northeast China (BSR-NEC), it is necessary to investigate spatial patterns and identify suitable areas for contour farming in this region. To achieve this objective, spatial autocorrelation and grouping analysis methods were employed to classify the land into four categories of suitability for contour farming: highly suitable, moderately suitable, generally suitable, and unsuitable. The results reveal that: 1) the contour farming suitable area in BSR-NEC covers 89 861.32 km2, accounting for 21.59% of arable land as of 2020. Heilongjiang Province owns the largest suitable area of 32 853.68 km2, and Inner Mongolia has the highest proportion of 28.89%. 2) In terms of the spatial distribution, regions with higher suitability for contour farming are concentrated in the Da Hinggan Mountains region, particularly Nenjiang City (Heilongjiang Province), which has the highest area of 2593.07 km2. Areas with a high proportion of suitable arable lands for contour farming are mainly found in the Da Hinggan Mountains and Changbai Mountains regions, with Ergun City (Inner Mongolia) having the highest proportion at 47.2%. Regions with higher suitability and proportion are concentrated in the Da Hinggan Mountains region, primarily covering the Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang. 3) Regarding spatial clustering, both the area and proportion of suitable contour farming areas exhibit noticeable clustering effects, though not entirely consistent. 4) Group analysis results designate 148 counties in BSR-NEC as highly suitable areas, predominantly located in the Changbai Mountains region, Liaodong Peninsula, Hulun Buir Plateau, and the north and south regions of the Da Hinggan Mountains. The zoning of suitable areas for contour farming in BSR-NEC informs the strategic development of policies and measures, allowing for the implementation of targeted policies in distinct areas suitable for contour farming. This provides a valuable reference for promoting contour farming technology more effectively and efficiently.re effectively and efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manganese (Mn) concentrations in many groundwater supplies exceed the national drinking water limit of 0.05 mg/L, exacerbating regional water scarcity and potential ecological issues. Adsorption, as an efficient process for wastewater treatment. For the adsorption process, the adsorbent was the key parameter. Manganese oxides have strong specific adsorption and catalytic oxidation capacity for Mn(II). Serpentine loading was an effective way to improve the dispersion of manganese oxides and the adsorption efficiency of heavy metals. This study aimed to remove dissolved Mn(II) from groundwater using a raw serpentine modified with manganese oxide (Srp/MO). SEM, EDS, XRD, BET and XPS were used to characterize the physicochemical properties and characteristic groups of the serpentine before and after loading. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box-Behnken method was used to design the experiment to optimize the effects of dosage, oscillation rate and reaction time on manganese removal. The results show that after modification, the pores of serpentine become larger, the surface becomes smooth and loose, the basic skeleton has no obvious change, the specific surface area increases, and the total pore volume decreases. The adsorption behavior of Mn(II) by Srp/MO follows Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The maximum adsorption rate of Mn(II) in water by Srp/MO was 34.88 mg/g, which was 7.6 times that of the raw serpentine. The primary mechanism for Mn(II) removal by Srp/MO was based on physical adsorption and mediated by Mn3+/Mn4+ species. The optimal manganese removal conditions were as follows: Srp/MO dosage 80 mg/L, oscillation rate 180 r/min, reaction time 104 min. At this time, the manganese removal rate was 99.3%, which was basically consistent with 100% predicted by the model. A regeneration study over three cycles indicated that Srp/MO possessed promising reusability potential. In conclusion, Srp/MO was an excellent adsorption material for the removal of Mn(II) in groundwater, which provides a new solution for the purification treatment of manganese containing groundwater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To introduce the Cre-loxP system for constructing marker-less multiple-gene deletion mutants in Pectobacterium, overcoming limitations of antibiotic markers and enhancing the understanding of pathogenic mechanisms. Results: Firstly, a plasmid named pEX18-Cre, containing a sacB sucrose suicide gene, was constructed to express Cre recombinase in Pectobacterium. Secondly, a mutant in which the loxP-Km fragment replaced the target gene was obtained through homologous recombination double-crossover with the chromosome. Finally, pEX18-Cre was introduced into the mutant to excise the DNA between the loxP sites, thereby removing the markers and achieving multiple gene deletions. By utilizing the Cre-loxP system, we successfully constructed multiple marker-less gene deletion mutants in Pectobacterium strains. Conclusions: The Cre-loxP system efficiently creates marker-less multiple-gene deletion mutants, enhancing the study of Pectobacterium pathogenic mechanisms by overcoming antibiotic marker limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Pain-fatigue-sleep disturbance symptom cluster (PFS) was common in patients with lung cancer and seriously affected the life quality of patients. However, the heterogeneity and subgroups of PFS were unclear in lung cancer patients after chemotherapy. This study was conducted to identify distinct subgroups of PFS in patients with lung cancer after chemotherapy, and explore the differences and risk factors of PFS subgroups. Methods: Lung cancer patients after chemotherapy were recruited. Data were collected using the Chinese version of the Brief Pain Inventory, the Cancer Fatigue Scale, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify the subgroups of PFS. Univariate analysis was used to identify the differences among all subgroups. Logistic regression and restricted cubic splines were used to investigate predictors of the PFS subgroups. Results: Based on LPA, 512 participants were divided into four subgroups (Class 1: low pain-fatigue-sleep disturbance; Class 2: moderate pain-moderate fatigue-low sleep disturbance, Class 3: low pain-high fatigue-high sleep disturbance, and Class 4: high pain-fatigue-sleep disturbance). The univariate analysis showed that gender, body mass index (BMI), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, leukocyte, neutrophils, platelet, C-reactive protein, stress, anxiety, depression, and social support were associated with PFS. The logistic regression analysis revealed that patients in Class 2 and Class 3 were more likely to experience great stress than those in Class 1. Additionally, compared to Class 1, females, lower BMI, stress, anxiety, and depression were independent predictors of Class 4. Conclusion: This study successfully identified subgroups of PFS in patients with lung cancer after chemotherapy. Based on the results of this study, medical workers can identify patients with high risks for PFS and conduct more targeted interventions to improve symptom management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose two self-adaptive derivative-free methods with restart procedure for solving large-scale constrained nonlinear equations. The new methods combine hyperplane projection and restart strategy, and possess the following features: (i) There are low storage and derivative-free; (ii) Restart strategy is employed to add self-adaptation and improve computational efficiency; (iii) The search directions satisfy the sufficient descent condition and the trust region property; (iv) Both global convergence and convergence rate are established under some appropriate assumptions. Preliminary numerical results show that the proposed methods are effective and practical by solving constrained nonlinear equations and applying them to regularized decentralized logistic regression and signal restoration problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving green economic growth requires enterprises to develop and promote green products that balance environmental protection, intensive resource utilization, and sustainable development. However, under the externality assumption, the green market is often faced with the challenge of insufficient supply. Based on 2004–2018 panel data covering regional industrial enterprises in 30 provinces in China, this study empirically tests the composite driving mechanism of the effect of an increase in the regional green production capacity, organizational factors, and environmental policies on the green product innovation (GPI) of regional export-oriented industrial enterprises (REIEs). This study finds that the increase in regional green production capacity directly drives an improvement in REIEs’ GPI level, that the regional green technology level and degree of human capital accumulation are indirect driving channels between capacity increases and product innovation, and that environmental regulations and green credit have a positive moderating effect on the influence of increasing green production capacity on GPI. Further threshold regression analysis reveals that increasing green production capacity, foreign direct investment, digitization, and trade openness have an inverted U-shaped promoting effect on GPI and that the proportion of local government expenditure shows a diminishing marginal utility effect on GPI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate classification of gene expression data is crucial for disease diagnosis and drug discovery. However, gene expression data usually has a large number of features, which poses a challenge for accurate classification. In this paper, a novel feature selection method based on minimal redundancy maximal relevance (mRMR) and aquila optimizer is proposed, which introduces the mRMR method in the initialization stage of the population to generate excellent initial populations, effectively improve the quality of the population, and then, the using random opposition-based learning strategy to improve the diversity of aquila population and accelerate the convergence speed of the algorithm, and finally, introducing inertia weight in the position update formula in the late iteration of the aquila optimizer to avoid the algorithm falling into the local optimum and improve the algorithm's capability to find the optimum. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, ten real gene expression datasets are selected in this paper and compared with several meta-heuristic algorithms. Experimental results show that the proposed method is significantly superior to other meta-heuristic algorithms in terms of fitness value, classification accuracy and the number of selected features. Compared with the original aquila optimizer, the average classification accuracy of the proposed method on KNN and SVM classifiers is improved by 3.48–12.41% and 0.53–18.63% respectively. The proposed method significantly reduces the feature dimension of gene expression data, retains important features, and obtains higher classification accuracy, providing a new method and idea for feature selection of gene expression data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: WD repeat domain 12 (WDR12) plays a crucial role in the ribosome biogenesis pathway. However, its biological function in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains poorly understood. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the roles of WDR12 in the occurrence and progression of CRC, as well as its underlying mechanisms. Methods: The expression of WDR12 was assessed through The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database. Functional experiments including Celigo assay, MTT assay, and Caspase-3/7 assay were conducted to validate the role of WDR12 in the malignant progression of CRC. Additionally, mRNA chip-sequencing and ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) were performed to identify the molecular mechanism. Results: WDR12 expression was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues compared to normal colorectal tissues. Knockdown of WDR12 reduced proliferation and promoted apoptosis of CRC cell lines in vitro and in vivo experiments. Furthermore, WDR12 expression had a significantly inverse association with diseases and functions, including cancer, cell cycle, DNA replication, recombination, cellular growth, proliferation and repair, as revealed by IPA analysis of mRNA chip-sequencing data. Moreover, the activation of cell cycle checkpoint kinases proteins in the cell cycle checkpoint control signaling pathway was enriched in the WDR12 knockdown CRC cell lines. Additionally, downregulation of rac family small GTPase 1 (RAC1) occurred upon WDR12 knockdown, thereby facilitating the proliferation and anti-apoptosis of CRC cells. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that the WDR12/RAC1 axis promotes tumor progression in CRC. Therefore, WDR12 may serve as a novel oncogene and a potential target for individualized therapy in CRC. These findings provide an experimental foundation for the clinical development of drugs targeting the WDR12/RAC1 axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a unified object-aware temporal learning framework for multi-view 3D detection and tracking tasks. Having observed that the efficacy of the temporal fusion strategy in recent multi-view perception methods may be weakened by distractors and background clutters in historical frames, we propose a cyclic learning mechanism to improve the robustness of multi-view representation learning. The essence is constructing a backward bridge to propagate information from model predictions (e.g., object locations and sizes) to image and BEV features, which forms a circle with regular inference. After backward refinement, the responses of target-irrelevant regions in historical frames would be suppressed, decreasing the risk of polluting future frames and improving the object awareness ability of temporal fusion. We further tailor an object-aware association strategy for tracking based on the cyclic learning model. The cyclic learning model not only provides refined features, but also delivers finer clues (e.g., scale level) for tracklet association. The proposed cycle learning method and association module together contribute a novel and unified multi-task framework. Experiments on nuScenes show that the proposed model achieves consistent performance gains over baselines of different designs (i.e., dense query-based BEVFormer, sparse query-based SparseBEV and LSS-based BEVDet4D) on both detection and tracking evaluation. Codes and models will be released. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decoupling the level of new-type urbanization from carbon emissions is an essential representation of regional low-carbon sustainable development and a key indicator to ease resource and environmental constraints. By constructing a new-type urbanization evaluation index system and carbon emission measurement model, this paper takes 260 cities in China as research objects to investigate their horizontal pattern and spatial evolution characteristics from 2010 to 2022. Based on the Tapio decoupling model, decoupling catch-up model, and cointegration method, we discuss the dynamic evolutionary relationship between new-type urbanization construction and carbon emission of cities and the decisive factors affecting the decoupling state. The result shows that: (1) Both new-type urbanization and carbon emission levels showed an increasing trend in time, and their spatial distribution characteristics showed a "high-low–high" spatial pattern from east to west. (2) The number of cities that realized the decoupling of new-type urbanization and carbon emissions showed a U-shaped distribution, and the proportion of ordinary cities that realized the absolute catch-up was the highest among Tier III cities. (3) The cointegration and Granger causality test show that industrialization and energy consumption structure positively affect the stability of the decoupling state in the long term. At the same time, there is a negative relationship between technological progress and the stability of the decoupling state. (4) The level of new-type urbanization in the five dimensions of economy, society, environment, population, and space shows a trend of collaborative evolution in time and a specific differentiation in space. (5) The overall decoupling trend of Chinese cities is good, and the individual decoupling state of most cities fluctuates significantly. Coastal cities maintain a decoupling state during the study period, and their performance is relatively stable. The result can provide quantitative reference and decision-making basis for the construction of new-type urbanization and the implementation of dual-carbon strategy and also help promote the realization of high-quality decoupling and coordinated development of cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to explore the underlying mechanism of neddylation in macrophage polarization during sepsis. A mouse model of sepsis was established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). ELISA and Flow cytometry were performed to analyze the generation of pro-inflammatory factors and M1/M2 macrophage polarization, respectively. Western blotting was applied to detect NEDD8-mediated neddylation and glycolysis-related proteins. ECAR method was used to analyze the glycolysis level. HE staining was applied to detect the lung injury. The bacterial load in peritoneal cavity and peripheral blood was determined by counting the colony-forming units. The results showed the upregulated neddylation, M1 polarization and glycolysis of macrophage in patients with sepsis and CLP-challenged mice. NEDD8-mediated Cullin1 neddylation promoted M1 polarization and glycolysis to accelerate inflammation via NF-κB p65 pathway in E.coli-treated Raw264.7 cells. MLN4924 treatment alleviated sepsis by inhibiting neddylation to prevent M1 polarization in CLP-challenged mice. In summary, this study demonstrated that upregulation of NEDD8-mediated Cullin1 neddylation promotes glycolysis and M1 polarization of macrophage via NF-κB p65 pathway, accelerating inflammation in sepsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among existing methods for independence test, mutual information (MI) has great popularity as it is invariant to monotone transformations and enjoys higher power in detecting nonlinear associations. In this paper, we propose a novel MI-based independence test in the presence of measurement errors. The conditional density functions involved in MI are estimated using a novel deconvolution double kernel method. The convergence rates of these estimates are derived under the assumption that the measurement errors are either ordinary or super smooth. In addition, the asymptotic behaviors of the resultant estimate of MI are established under both the null and alternative hypotheses. Extensive simulation studies and an application to the low-resolution observations of source stars dataset confirm the superior numerical performances of the proposed methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Main conclusion: AtPLC1 plays a critical role in plant growth, development, and response to drought stress. Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) hydrolyzes substrates to generate secondary messengers crucial for plant growth, development, and stress responses. Drought escape (DE) response is an adaptive strategy that plants employ under drought conditions. The expression levels of the flower meristem-specific gene APETALA 1 and flowering regulatory genes FLOWERING LOCUS T and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 were downregulated in plc1, and FLOWERING LOCUS C was upregulated. The flowering time of the plc1flc double mutant was earlier than that of the wild type. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the Gene Ontology of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was enriched in abscisic acid (ABA) response signaling, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed differential gene expression annotated to plant hormone signaling pathways. Our experiments show that AtPLC1 is upregulated by ABA in Arabidopsis. Under ABA induction and water stress, wild-type plants exhibit a DE response, and the DE response in plc1 disappears. Expression levels of ABA signaling pathway transcription factors ABA-responsive element-binding factors 3 (ABF3) and ABF4 were downregulated in plc1. In conclusion, our study suggests that AtPLC1 participates in regulating plant growth and development and participates in the DE response through the regulation of ABA signaling pathway transcription factors ABF3/ABF4. The study enhances our comprehension of the role of AtPLC1 in plant development and drought stress, providing a theoretical foundation for further investigation into DE responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper-based separator for lithium-ion battery application has attracted great attention due to its good electrolyte affinity and thermal stability. To avoid the short circuit by the micron-sized pores of paper and improve the electrochemical properties of paper-based separator, cellulose fibers were acetylated followed by wet papermaking and metal-organic framework coating. Due to the strong intermolecular interaction between acetylated cellulose fibers and N,N-dimethylformamide, the resulting separator exhibited compact microstructure. The zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 coating endowed the separator with enhanced electrolyte affinity (electrolyte contact angle of 0°), ionic conductivity (1.26 mS·cm−1), interfacial compatibility (284 Ω), lithium ion transfer number (0.61) and electrochemical stability window (4.96 V). The assembled LiFePO4/Li battery displayed an initial discharge capacity of 146.10 mAh·g−1 at 0.5 C with capacity retention of 99.71% after 100 cycles and good rate performance. Our proposed strategy would provide a novel perspective for the design of high-performance paper-based separators for battery applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This manuscript presents ABSAS-CS-GSA, an improved iteration of the beetle antennae search (BAS) algorithm, tailored to address the shortcoming of the BAS with low convergence accuracy and easily falling into local optima. The improvements are structured into three principal components: first, dynamic step-size adjustment predicated on initial population to bolster solution accuracy and expedite convergence; second, position update mechanism integrating golden sine algorithm to diversify search patterns and expedite convergence; and third, population disturbance based on vertical and horizontal cross strategy to avoid falling into local optima. Experimental results on 12 benchmark functions demonstrate ABSAS-CS-GSA's superiority over the standard BAS and its four variants, as well as over two classic swarm intelligence algorithms. The simulation results of the algorithm applied to coverage optimization of wireless sensor networks with 30 nodes and 50 nodes reveal a marked improvement in both optimal and average coverage metrics relative to seven alternative algorithms. The refined algorithm exhibits excellent performance and is well-suited for tackling the coverage issue within wireless sensor networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the core competencies of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) students is vital for designing ESP curricula and refining methodologies. This study sought to comprehensively assess the core competencies of Business English students in Chinese higher vocational colleges (HVCs). A questionnaire survey was conducted among 394 Business English students from five HVCs. The survey evaluated core competencies across gender and academic grades using a model comprisinging four primary dimensions and twelve sub-modules. The results revealed significant disparities in core competency development among Business English students, particularly across gender and academic grades within the specified competence indicator dimensions. These findings highlight the need to enhance in the core competencies of these students, indicating current deficienciess in their development. The identified disparities and areas for improvement in core competencies provide valuable insights for educators and institutions to customize teaching methodologies and improve curriculum design, better addressing the needs of Business English students in HVCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional (2D) nanofluidic channels with confined transport pathways and abundant surface functional groups have been extensively investigated to achieve osmotic energy harvesting. However, solely relying on intrinsic interlayer channels results in insufficient permeability, thereby limiting the output power densities, which poses a significant challenge to the widespread application of these materials. Herein, we present a nanoconfined sacrificial template (NST) strategy to create a crafted channel structure, termed as Turing-type nanochannels, within the membrane. Extrinsic interlaced channels are formed between the lamellae using copper hydroxide nanowires as sacrificial templates. These Turing-type nanochannels significantly increase transport pathways and functional areas, resulting in a 23% enhancement in ionic current while maintaining a cation selectivity of 0.91. The output power density of the Turing-type nanochannel membrane increases from 3.9 to 5.9 W m−2 and remains stable for at least 120 hours. This membrane exhibits enhanced applicability in real saltwater environments across China, achieving output power densities of 7.7 W m−2 in natural seawater and 9.8 W m−2 in salt-lake brine. This work demonstrates the promising potential of the Turing-channel design for nanoconfined ionic transport in the energy conversion field. High permselectivity of nanofluidics remains a challenge in osmotic energy conversion. Here, authors construct two dimensional nanofluidics with Turing-type nanochannels, which provide extrinsic pathways to improve both ion selectivity and flux, thereby achieving efficient osmotic energy harvesting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kidney stone disease (KSD) is facing rising global prevalence and recurrence rates. Mendelian randomization aids in drug repurposing and the discovery of therapeutic targets. This study utilized Mendelian randomization (MR) to identify protein targets for KSD treatment and assess potential adverse drug reactions. A proteome-wide MR study assessed plasma proteins' causal relationship with KSD risk. Data from UK Biobank Proteomics Profiling Project (2940 proteins) and FinnGen R10 for KSD (10,556 cases, 400,681 controls) were analyzed. Colocalization analysis identified shared causal variants. Additionally, a Phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) used the FinnGen to explore adverse reactions of druggable proteins. MR study found ITIH4, F12, FKBPL positively correlated with KSD risk, while DAG1, ITIH1, LTB, CACYBP negatively correlated (Pfdr < 0.05). Colocalization analysis and PheWAS identified CACYBP as the most promising druggable protein for the prevention or treatment of nephrolithiasis recurrence. This study identified genetic protein biomarkers for KSD risk and explored potential drug side effects, offering new insights and targets for prevention and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The excavation of ivory and other artifacts from the Sanxingdui Ruins holds profound research significance in tracing of both the ancient Shu and Chinese civilizations. After being unearthed, a large quantity of ivory encountered issues such as dehydration, pulverization, and cracking, resulting from poor preservation conditions. To establish effective long-term conservation strategies for the excavated ivory, this paper takes the dentin of excavated ivory from the No.7 Sacrificial Pit (K7) at the Sanxingdui Ruins as the research object, focusing on the primary correlation between its microscopic porous structure and moisture states. The results show that the organic collagen protein component of the excavated ivory has already undergone basically diagenetic degradation. The remaining main mineral phases are hydroxyapatite and carbonated hydroxyapatite, exhibiting a mixed crystal structure with mainly needle-like and secondary lamellar. The porosity of the excavated ivory, as measured by dry and wet methods, is approximately 62 and 60%, respectively. The pore size distributions are primarily concentrated in the ranges of 5–100 nm for the dry method and 10–200 nm for the wet method. These diverse and heterogeneous pore structures store approximately 35–38% of water as free water and adsorbed water. Free water is primarily found in dentinal tubules, interlayer gaps and cracks, providing volume support and stabilizing equilibrium with the external environment. Adsorbed water is mainly present in the pores (d < 100 nm), providing support function through intermolecular forces and hydrogen bonding. The deterioration of excavated ivory is positively correlated with the loss of moisture. This is due to irreversible structural damage caused by the loss of water's supportive, bonding, and stabilizing effects. Among them, the rapid migration and evaporation of free water affect the expansion of cracks and the formation of new fissures. This study offer a robust scientific basis and valuable insights for the subsequent conservation of excavated ivory, and also provide guidance for the research of other fragile bone and horn relics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recirculating aquaculture and aquaponics are considered sustainable aquaculture models playing important roles in animal-derived protein supply. In these aquaculture systems, microorganisms are crucial for the system stability. The community coalescence by mixing substances and microorganisms from various microhabitats under hydraulic forces is important for shaping the bacterial communities in these small-scale complex systems. However, the influences of community coalescence on bacterial communities remain rarely revealed in these systems. In this study, aquaponics (APS) and recirculating aquaculture (RAS) systems were set up to explore the bacterial community coalescence across different microhabitats, including water, fish feces, biofilter biofilms, and plant rhizosphere environment. Our results showed that diversity and compositions varied across different microhabitats in both systems. However, bacterial transmissions across these microhabitats differed between systems. The core microbiome of the RAS and APS were formed under community coalescence with the highest contribution of bacterial taxa derived from the fish feces. Nevertheless, the plant rhizosphere bacterial community also contributed to the core microbiome of the APS. Furthermore, the core taxa showed a higher average degree than the other nodes in the bacterial community networks in all microhabitats except for the plant rhizosphere environment, implying the important roles of core taxa in maintaining these bacterial community networks. Our results provide new insights into the assembly of bacterial communities under community coalescence in the artificial aquatic ecosystems comprising complex microhabitats, which is vital for developing microbial solutions for regulating the microbial communities to improve system performance in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methylerythritol cyclodiphosphate (MEcPP) is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of isoprenoids in plant plastids and in bacteria, and acts as a stress signal in plants. Here, we show that MEcPP regulates biofilm formation in Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655. Increased MEcPP levels, triggered by genetic manipulation or oxidative stress, inhibit biofilm development and production of fimbriae. Deletion of fimE, encoding a protein known to downregulate production of adhesive fimbriae, restores biofilm formation in cells with elevated MEcPP levels. Limited proteolysis-coupled mass spectrometry (LiP-MS) reveals that MEcPP interacts with the global regulatory protein H-NS, which is known to repress transcription of fimE. MEcPP prevents the binding of H-NS to the fimE promoter. Therefore, our results indicate that MEcPP can regulate biofilm formation by modulating H-NS activity and thus reducing fimbriae production. Further research is needed to test whether MEcPP plays similar regulatory roles in other bacteria.Methylerythritol cyclodiphosphate is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of isoprenoids in plants and bacteria, and acts as a stress signal in plants. Here, Guo et al. show that, in addition, the metabolite can inhibit biofilm formation in Escherichia coli by modulating the activity of the DNA-binding protein H-NS, thus downregulating the production of adhesive fimbriae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability to lubricate and resist wear at temperatures above 600 °C in an oxidative environment remains a significant challenge for metals due to their high-temperature softening, oxidation, and rapid degradation of traditional solid lubricants. Herein, we demonstrate that high-temperature lubricity can be achieved with coefficients of friction (COF) as low as 0.10-0.32 at 600-900 °C by tailoring surface oxidation in additively-manufactured Inconel superalloy. By integrating high-temperature tribological testing, advanced materials characterization, and computations, we show that the formation of spinel-based oxide layers on superalloy promotes sustained self-lubrication due to their lower shear strength and more negative formation and cohesive energy compared to other surface oxides. A reversible phase transformation between the cubic and tetragonal/monoclinic spinel was driven by stress and temperature during high temperature wear. To span Ni- and Cr-based ternary oxide compositional spaces for which little high-temperature COF data exist, we develop a computational design method to predict the lubricity of oxides, incorporating thermodynamics and density functional theory computations. Our finding demonstrates that spinel oxide can exhibit low COF values at temperatures much higher than conventional solid lubricants with 2D layered or Magnéli structures, suggesting a promising design strategy for self-lubricating high-temperature alloys. The authors develop an approach for enhancing the wear resistance and lubricity of metals at elevated temperatures of in oxidative environments, where traditional solid lubricants fail. By engineering surface oxidation in additively manufactured Inconel, they achieve low friction coefficients, between 0.10 and 0.32 at 600-900 °C, through the formation of a spinel-based oxide layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and gut microbiota (GM) are epidemiologically correlated but the causal inter-relationships remain poorly understood. We aim to explore the causal relationships between GM and PBC. Using the MiBioGen consortium, GWAS data for GM at the species level and the largest publicly available PBC GWAS data to date, we performed a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization by the inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted model and MR-PRESSO to elucidate the potential causal role of GM in PBC. To measure the heterogeneity of instrumental variables (IV), Cochran's Q statistic and MR-Egger intercept test were used. Genetically instrumented order Coriobacteriales (odds ratio [OR] = 2.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30–3.66, P = 0.004) significantly increased the risk for PBC, while genetically driven class Deltaproteobacteria (OR = 0.52, 95% CI 0.36–0.74, P = 0.002) causally decrease the NAFLD risk. Reverse MR analysis showed no significant association between PBC and the two specific GM. However, it indicated that PBC progression significantly increases the abundance of the class Bacteroidia, order Bacteroidales, and phylum Bacteroidetes (OR = 1.02, 95% CI 1.002–1.03, P = 0.026), while decreasing the abundance of the genus Lachnospiraceae UCG010 (OR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.96–0.995, P = 0.026). Our study demonstrated that genetically driven order Coriobacteriales and class Deltaproteobacteria were causally related to PBC risk. This causality provided a new perspective on ameliorating PBC by modulating GM. Our study demonstrated that genetically driven order Coriobacteriales and class Deltaproteobacteria were causally related to PBC risk. PBC was causally related to the abundance of four GM taxa(class Bacteroidia, order Bacteroidales, phylum Bacteroidetes and genus Lachnospiraceae UCG010). This causality provided a new perspective on ameliorating PBC by modulating GM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of indoor Location Based Services (LBS), a growing volume of textual data is being generated in indoor environments. Consequently, indoor spatial keyword query holds significant potential for development in the coming years. However, existing methods for indoor spatial keyword queries often neglect the personalized needs of users. To solve this problem, we propose an Indoor Spatial Keyword Personalized Query (ISKPQ) method. First, a novel index structure called ISKIR-tree has been designed. This index integrates Hilbert encoding techniques and introduces Bloom filters and distance matrices to enhance the efficiency of processing indoor spatial keyword problems. Subsequently, an efficient pruning algorithm based on the ISKIR-tree index is proposed to refine the dataset effectively. Finally, a comprehensive scoring function that considers text similarity, spatial proximity, and user preferences is introduced to score and rank the pruned data points, thereby filtering out the optimal query results that meet users' personalized requirements. Theoretical analysis and experimental studies demonstrate the outstanding performance of the proposed method in terms of both efficiency and accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamic modulation of the aggregation process of small molecules represents an important research objective for scientists. However, the complex and dynamic nature of internal environments in vivo impedes controllable aggregation processes of single molecules. In this study, we successfully achieve tumor-targeted aggregation of an aggregation-induced emission photosensitizer (AIE-PS), TBmA, with the catalysis of a tumor-overexpressed enzyme, γ-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT). Mechanistic investigations reveal that TBmA-Glu can be activated by GGT through cleavage of the γ-glutamyl bond and releasing TBmA. The poor water solubility of TBmA induces its aggregation, leading to aggregation-enhanced emission and photodynamic activities. The TBmA-Glu not only induces glutathione (GSH) depletion through GGT photo-degradation but also triggers lipid peroxidation accumulation and ferroptosis in cancer cells through photodynamic therapy. Finally, the in vivo studies conducted on female mice using both tumor xenograft and orthotopic liver cancer models have also demonstrated the significant anti-cancer effects of TBmA-Glu. The exceptional cancer-targeting ability and therapeutic efficiency demonstrated by this GGT activatable AIE-PS highlights enzymatic-mediated modulation as an effective approach for regulating small molecule aggregation intracellularly, thereby advancing innovative therapeutic strategies for various diseases. Intracellular regulation of small molecule aggregation is challenging. Here, the authors achieved tumor-targeted aggregation of an aggregation-induced emission photosensitizer (AIE-PS), TBmA, using γ-glutamyl transferase, an enzyme overexpressed in tumors, and showed this causes ferroptosis in cancer cells through photodynamic therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]