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diagnostics of the plasma electron component by the metho d of Thomson scattering Te(R, t) of laser radiation makes it possible to reliably measure the spatial distributions of the electron temperature and density. One of the obstacles to the implementation of TS diagnostics in thermonuclear reactors is the distortion of the spectral characteristics of the optical system due to radiation-induced absorption and contamination of optical elements with erosion products of the first wall. As a consequence, the reliability of measurements by the TS method will decrease over time. The paper describes the method of multi-laser Thomson scattering, which will solve this problem. The results of the first experiments on the Globus-M2 tokamak are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The possibilities are considered of using the Thomson scattering diagnostics of core and edge plasmas in the tokamak with reactor technologies, which is under design. The problems are described that can be solved using the Thomson scattering diagnostics, including the possibility of controlling the plasma current profile. Technical requirements for the diagnostics are formulated. The possibilities are analyzed of its arrangement in the tokamak vacuum chamber. The accuracies are estimated of measuring the electron temperature and density of the plasma created in the tokamak. Particular attention is paid to ensuring the operability of the proposed diagnostics in the reactor regime of the tokamak operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The local measurements of electron density and temperature by Thomson scattering (TS) diagnostics are essential for research of energy confinement, plasma heating, and control at nuclear fusion devices. This paper presents a digital filter polychromator designed for TS spectrum registration. A distinguishing feature of such a digital polychromator is the use of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) having analog memory with discretization frequency of 5 GHz and 12-bit sampling. The low heat dissipation and compact design of the ADC allow us to integrate the recording and data handling systems in the spectral unit to obtain a standalone device that is totally isolated from other systems and equipment in the voltaic sense. The scattered laser radiation received from the plasma comes to the entrance of the polychromator through a fiber-optic cable, and the processed scattering signals and calculated electron density and temperature are available on a digital interface. The polychromator was tested within the Thomson scattering system at the Globus-M tokamak using two probing lasers: Nd:YAG 1064 nm and Nd:Glass 1055 nm operating with pulse energy up to 2J and FWHM of 4 and 40 ns, respectively. The employed ADCs allowed us to perform superfast signal digitizing in the oscilloscope mode and to demonstrate the possibility of stray signal time separation despite the modest size (~1 m) of the vacuum chamber. The results of measurements performed during the plasma experiment at the Globus-M tokamak are presented, and their comparative analysis with the data obtained at the operating TS system is made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The possibility of double spectral conversion of UV radiation from the spectral range of 240-280 nm to the visible spectral region using luminescent glasses and fibers with antimony ions and molecular silver clusters is shown. Planar and fiber prototypes of UV radiation dosimeters are tested. It is shown that the sensitivities of dosimeter of the first and second types are 1400 and 360 mV/W/m, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Implementation of an automatic process control system for the Severomuiskii tunnel is presented. Its subsystems are considered, which can be used for design of other similar control systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The composition of proteoglycans and their changes during malignant transformation are important factors influencing adhesive properties and mitotic activity of tumor cells. In this study, expression level of different proteoglycans (decorin, syndecan-1, lumican, glypican-1, and aggrecan) in tumors and normal human breast tissue was investigated. Multiplex RT-PCR data revealed different expression changes for different proteoglycans in human breast tumors—syndecan expression was activated compared to almost no expression in normal breast tissue, expression of decorin and lumican decreased 2–5-and 2–3-fold, respectively, and aggrecan transcription seems to be unaffected. A change of expression level of decorin correlated with expression of D-glucuronyl-C5-epimerase, a key enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of idurone-containing glycosaminoglycans, possessing antimitotic activity. The results suggest that changes in decorin, lumican, and syndecan-1 expession in tumor tissue could induce a distortion of proteoglycan composition and mitotic activity of cells in human breast tumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meadow-chernozemic and dark chernozem-like meadow soils predominate on the Zeya-Bureya interfluve. The soil cover pattern of this interfluve is described in terms of elementary soil areas (ESAs) and soil combinations (SCs). The typification of elementary agricultural areas on the basis of major characteristics of the ESAs and SCs and the ways of their rational management are suggested. It is shown that most of the regional soils require phosphorus fertilizers and liming; agromeliorative and hydromeliorative drainage measures should be implemented on vast areas to improve soil productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inheritance of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (LMW GS) and gliadins was studied in the segregating progeny from several crosses between common wheat genotypes. The occurrence of a few recombinants in the F2 grains of the cross Skorospelka Uluchshennaya×Kharkovskaya 6 could be accounted for by assuming that the short arm of chromosome 1D contains two tightly linked loci each coding for at least one gliadin plus one C-type LMW GS. These loci were found to recombine at a frequency of about 2%, and to be linked to the Glu-D3 locus coding for B-type LMW GS. Some proteins showing biochemical characteristics of D-type or C-type LMW GS were found to be encoded by the Gli-B1 and Gli-B2 loci, respectively. Strongly stained B-type LMW GS in cvs Skorospelka Uluchshennaya and Richelle were assigned to the Glu-B3 locus, but recombination between this locus and Gli-B1 was not found. Analogously, in the cross Bezostaya 1×Anda, no recombination was found between Gli-A1 and Glu-A3, suggesting the maximum genetic distance between these loci to be 0.97% ( P=0.05). A B-type LMW GS in cv Kharkovskaya 6 was assigned to the Glu-B2 locus, with about 25% recombination from the Gli-B1 locus. The present results suggested that alleles at Gli loci may relate to dough quality and serve as genetic markers of certain LMW GS affecting breadmaking quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]