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Desert dust is an important source of essential metals for marine primary productivity, especially in oligotrophic systems surrounded by deserts, such as the Red Sea. However, there are very few studies on the effects of dust on reef-building corals and none on the response of corals to heat stress. We therefore supplied dust to two coral species (Stylophora pistillata and Turbinaria reniformis) kept under control conditions (26 °C) or heat stress (32 °C). Since dust releases large amounts of iron (Fe) in seawater, among other metals, the direct effect of different forms of Fe enrichment on coral photosynthesis was also tested. First, our results show that the desert dust altered the coral metallome by increasing the content of metals that are important for coral physiology (e.g. lithium (up to 5-fold), manganese (up to 4-fold in S. pistillata), iron (up to 3-fold in S. pistillata), magnesium (up to 1.3-fold), molybdenum (up to 1.5-fold in S. pistillata)). Overall, metal enrichment improved the photosynthetic performance of corals, especially under thermal stress (e.g. Pgross (up to 2-fold), Pnet (up to 10-fold), chlorophyll (up to 1.5-fold), symbionts (up to 1.6-fold)). However, Fe exposure (ferric chloride or ferric citrate) did not directly improve photosynthesis, suggesting that it is the combination of metals released by the dust, the so-called "metal cocktail effect", that has a positive impact on coral photophysiology. Dust also led to a decrease in Ni uptake (up to 1.4-fold in the symbionts), likely related to the nitrogen metabolism. Finally, we found that the isotopic signature of metals such as iron, zinc and copper is a good indicator of heat stress and dust exposure in corals. In conclusion, desert dust can increase coral resistance to bleaching by supplying corals with essential metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors play an important role in targeted treatment of B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. However, adverse events may limit the proper course of treatment in many patients. The purpose of this study is to compare the risk of cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular adverse events in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or small cell lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) treated with the first-generation BTK inhibitor ibrutinib versus second-generation acalabrutinib, using real-world data from a collaborative multinational network. We used data from the network (TriNetX), which encompasses more than 100 healthcare organizations worldwide. We queried the database for patients aged ≥ 18 years with chronic lymphocytic leukemia or small-cell lymphomas treated with ibrutinib or acalabrutinib in the past ten years before the analysis. We used propensity score matching to balance the cohorts. The 3-year cumulative incidences and hazard ratios for the following outcomes were calculated: atrial flutter or fibrillation, other arrhythmias, heart failure, ischemic stroke or peripheral embolism, acute coronary syndrome, bleeding, and sepsis. We compared 2,107 patients in each group. Atrial fibrillation or flutter occurred in 150 (7.1%) patients with acalabrutinib and 310 (14.7%) patients with ibrutinib during the 3-year follow-up (hazard ratio, 0.68, 95% CI 0.55–0.84). New-onset hypertension occurred in 342 (16.3%) patients in the acalabrutinib group and 584 (27.7%) patients in the ibrutinib group (hazard ratio 0.81, 95% CI 0.66–0.98). Sepsis was diagnosed in 136 (6.5%) patients in the acalabrutinib group versus 239 (11.3%) patients in the ibrutinib group (hazard ratio 0.77, 95 CI 0.60–0.98). The two groups had no significant differences concerning the other adverse events. In a large retrospective cohort using real-world data from electronic medical registers, patients with CLL or SLL treated with acalabrutinib had a better cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular safety profile than those treated with ibrutinib, with lower risks of atrial flutter or fibrillation, new-onset arterial hypertension, and sepsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foliar fungi on urban trees are important for tree health, biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Yet, we lack insights into how urbanization influences foliar fungal communities. We created detailed maps of Stockholm region's climate and air quality and characterized foliar fungi from mature oaks (Quercus robur) across climatic, air quality and local habitat gradients. Fungal richness was higher in locations with high growing season relative humidity, and fungal community composition was structured by growing season maximum temperature, NO2 concentration and leaf litter cover. The relative abundance of mycoparasites and endophytes increased with temperature. The relative abundance of pathogens was lowest with high concentrations of NO2 and particulate matter (PM2.5), while saprotrophs increased with leaf litter cover. Our findings show that urbanization influences foliar fungi, providing insights for developing management guidelines to promote tree health, prevent disease outbreaks and maintain biodiversity within urban landscapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 4T1 model is extensively employed in murine studies to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the carcinogenesis of triple-negative breast cancer. Molecular biology serves as a cornerstone in these investigations. However, accurate gene expression analyses necessitate data normalization employing housekeeping genes (HKGs) to avert spurious results. Here, we initially delve into the characteristics of the tumor evolution induced by 4T1 in mice, underscoring the imperative for additional tools for tumor monitoring and assessment methods for tracking the animals, thereby facilitating prospective studies employing this methodology. Subsequently, leveraging various software platforms, we assessed ten distinct HKGs (GAPDH, 18 S, ACTB, HPRT1, B2M, GUSB, PGK1, CCSER2, SYMPK, ANKRD17) not hitherto evaluated in the 4T1 breast cancer model, across tumors and diverse tissues afflicted by metastasis. Our principal findings underscore GAPDH as the optimal HKG for gene expression analyses in tumors, while HPRT1 emerged as the most stable in the liver and CCSER2 in the lung. These genes demonstrated consistent expression and minimal variation among experimental groups. Furthermore, employing these HKGs for normalization, we assessed TNF-α and VEGF expression in tissues and discerned significant disparities among groups. We posit that this constitutes the inaugural delineation of an ideal HKG for experiments utilizing the 4T1 model, particularly in vivo settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work was the multi-element determination of Ca, Zn, Sr, Ba, Cu, Mn, Mg, and Cr in handmade chocolate samples after extraction induced by emulsion breakage (EIEB) using optical emission spectrometry with plasma induced by microwaves (MIP OES). After study of each parameter, the most efficient extraction conditions were obtained using 0.250 g of sample, 5.0 mL of extraction solution consisting of HNO3 1.5 mol L−1 and Tween 80 1.5% m/v, submitted to an ultrasonic bath for 5 min, followed by breaking the emulsion by heating at 90 °C in a water bath for 4 min. The detection limits obtained, in mg kg−1, were 0.35 (Cr), 0.013 (Zn), 0.064 (Sr), 0.083 (Ca), 0.46 (Fe), 0.010 (Ba), 0.099 (Cu), 0.016 (Mg), and 0.036 (Mn). Precision, based on the relative standard deviation (RSD%), was less than 9.8% (N = 7). The accuracy was confirmed by analyzing the SRM Baking Chocolate 2384 and comparing the proposed method with a calcination method. The method was applied to samples of chocolate bars made in the southern region of Bahia and containing cocoa contents at 50, 58, 60, 63, 70, 80, and 85%. The average results obtained were 328 to 1424 mg kg−1 (Ca), 561 to 2152 mg kg−1 (Mg), 7.8 to 251 mg kg−1 (Cu), 8.5 to 304 mg kg−1 (Mn), 6.22 to 98.32 mg kg−1 (Fe), 8.38 to 80.2 mg kg−1 (Zn), 3.4 to 175 mg kg−1 (Ba), and 2.15 to 12.79 mg kg−1 (Sr). It was observed that as the percentage increases cocoa, there is a tendency to increase the concentration of the studied elements. The developed method has satisfactory precision and accuracy, and is simple, fast and with low consumption of reagents, has good sensitivity, especially when compared to digestion methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study investigated the pharmacological effects of topical trans-anethole, a natural compound found in anise, star anise, and fennel essential oils, and its relationship with the transient receptor potential of ankyrin 1 (TRPA1). Methods: The effects of topical anethole were assessed by eye wiping, nociceptive behaviour, and ear oedema in mice. Histological evaluations were performed on the ears of the animals topically treated with anethole. Results: Anethole caused less eye irritation than capsaicin (a TRPV1 agonist) and allyl isothiocyanate (a TRPA1 agonist). Anethole (250 and 500 nmol/20 µL/paw) promoted neurogenic nociception in the paw (20.89 ± 3.53 s and 47.56 ± 8.46 s, respectively) compared with the vehicle (0.88 ± 0.38 s). HC030031 (56.1 nmol/20 µL/paw), a TRPA1 antagonist, abolished this nociceptive response. Anethole (4, 10, and 20 µmol/20 µL/ear) induced ear oedema (30.25 ± 4.78 μm, 78.00 ± 3.74 μm, and 127.50 ± 27.19 μm, respectively) compared with the vehicle (5.00 ± 0.5 μm). HC030031 (56.1 nmol/20 µL/ear) inhibited the oedema induced by anethole (10 µmol/20 µL/ear). Ears pre-treated with anethole or allyl isothiocyanate on the first day and re-exposed to these compounds on the third day showed a reduction in oedema (68.16 ± 6.04% and 38.81 ± 8.98.9%, respectively). Cross-desensitisation between anethole and allyl isothiocyanate was observed. Histological analysis confirmed the beneficial effects of anethol. Conclusion: As repeated topical applications of anethole induce the desensitisation of TRPA1, we suggest its clinical application as a topical formulation for treating skin diseases or managing pain associated with this receptor. Anethole may also have advantages over capsaicin and allyl isothiocyanate because of its low pungency and pleasant aroma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing production of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) in Brazil is driving the adoption of circular economy (CE) practices related to the management of the WEEE reverse chain. Thus, the adoption of CE becomes essential for strategic management that promotes environmental preservation, and economic and social development. This study, which employed a survey as the research method, aims to evaluate the importance of CE practices related to the management of the WEEE reverse chain in Brazil. To achieve this, we employed the Kruskal–Wallis and Holm-Sidak multiple comparison tests. Based on the obtained results, the most significant practices are related to legislation and regulations, and effective consumer participation. These are followed by practices related to the management of outsourced recycling companies, and the involvement of logistics operators, treatment, and recycling strategies. The least representative practices were simulations and optimization strategies for logistics transportation, collection centers, and recycling centers. This study contributes to managerial practice by suggesting trends related to environmental management practices and material circularity, as well as compliance with the National Solid Waste Policy. For society, the research highlights the need for consumer education regarding the disposal of WEEE, as well as the necessity for governments and companies to collaborate in forming cooperatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of this study was to review and summarize the association between preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and surgical outcomes in women with newly diagnosed invasive breast cancer from published randomized controlled trials (RCT). Materials and Methods: Two independent researchers conducted a systematic review through a comprehensive search of electronic databases, including PubMed, Medline, Embase, Ovid, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. If there was disagreement between the two reviewers, a third reviewer assessed the manuscript to determine whether it should be included for data extraction. The quality of the papers was assessed using the risk of bias tool, and the evidence was analyzed using GRADE. Meta-analyses using a fixed-effects model were used to estimate the pooled risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Initially, 21 studies were identified, 15 of which were observational comparative studies. A total of five RCTs were included, and they suggested that preoperative MRI significantly reduced the rate of immediate breast-conserving surgery and increased the risk for mastectomy. Conclusions: From the RCT perspective, preoperative MRI for newly diagnosed invasive breast cancer did not improve surgical outcomes and may increase the risk of mastectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laser-driven plasma accelerators provide tabletop sources of relativistic electron bunches and femtosecond x-ray pulses, but usually require petawatt-class solid-state-laser pulses of wavelength λL ~ 1 μm. Longer-λL lasers can potentially accelerate higher-quality bunches, since they require less power to drive larger wakes in less dense plasma. Here, we report on a self-injecting plasma accelerator driven by a long-wave-infrared laser: a chirped-pulse-amplified CO2 laser (λL ≈ 10 μm). Through optical scattering experiments, we observed wakes that 4-ps CO2 pulses with < 1/2 terawatt (TW) peak power drove in hydrogen plasma of electron density down to 4 × 1017 cm−3 (1/100 atmospheric density) via a self-modulation (SM) instability. Shorter, more powerful CO2 pulses drove wakes in plasma down to 3 × 1016 cm−3 that captured and accelerated plasma electrons to relativistic energy. Collimated quasi-monoenergetic features in the electron output marked the onset of a transition from SM to bubble-regime acceleration, portending future higher-quality accelerators driven by yet shorter, more powerful pulses. The laser pulses that drive most laser wakefield accelerators have wavelengths near 1 micrometer and peak power > 100 terawatts. Here, the authors drive plasma wakes with 10 micrometer, 2-terawatt pulses, yielding relativistic electron beams with a collimated, narrow-energy-bandwidth component. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiac rhythms are related to heart electrical activity, being the essential aspect of the cardiovascular physiology. Usually, these rhythms are represented by electrocardiograms (ECGs) that are useful to detect cardiac pathologies. Essentially, the heart activity starts in the sinoatrial node (SA) node, the natural pacemaker, propagating to the atrioventricular node (AV), and finally reaching the His-Purkinje complex (HP). This paper investigates the control of cardiac rhythms in order to induce normal rhythms from pathological responses. A mathematical model that presents close agreement with experimental measurements is employed to represent the heart functioning. The adopted model comprises a network of three nonlinear oscillators that represent each one of the cardiac nodes, connected by delayed couplings. The pathological behavior is induced by an external stimulus in the SA node. An adaptive controller is proposed acting in the SA node considering an strategy based on the signal obtained by the natural pacemaker and its regularization. The incorporation of adaptive compensation in a Lyapunov-based control scheme allows the compensation for the unknown dynamics. The controller ability to deal with interpatient variability is evaluated by assuming that the heart model is not available to the controller design, being used only in the simulator to assess the control performance. Results show that the adaptive term can reduce the control effort by around 3% while reducing the tracking error by 20%, when compared to the conventional feedback approach. Additionally, the controller can avoid abnormal rhythms, turning the ECG closer to the expected normal behavior and preventing critical cardiac responses. Therefore, this work demonstrates that an adaptive controller can be used to regulate the ECG signal without prior information about the system and disregarding inter- and intrapatient variability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective and design: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ethanol exposure on epigenetic markers in bone marrow (BM) and their impact on inflammatory response during Aspergillus fumigatus infection. Results: Chronic ethanol exposure decreased H3K27me3 enrichment in the Il6 promoter region while increased H3K4me3 enrichment in Tnf. Chimeric mice were generated by transplanting BM from mice exposed to ethanol or water. Infection of ethanol-chimeric mice culminated in higher clinical scores, although there was no effect on mortality. However, previous chronic exposure to ethanol affects persistently the inflammatory response in lung tissue, demonstrated by increased lung damage, neutrophil accumulation and IL-6, TNF and CXCL2 production in ethanol-chimeric mice, resulting in a decreased neutrophil infiltration into the alveolar space. Neutrophil killing and phagocytosis were also significantly lower. Moreover, BM derived macrophages (BMDM) from ethanol-chimeric mice stimulated with A. fumigatus conidia exhibited higher levels of TNF, CXCL2 and IL-6 release and a higher killing activity. The Il6 promoter of BMDM from ethanol-chimeric mice exhibited a reduction in H3K27me3 enrichment, a finding also observed in BM donors exposed to ethanol. Conclusions: These evidences demonstrate that prior chronic alcohol exposure of bone-marrow modify immune effector cells functions impairing the inflammatory response during A. fumigatus infection. These findings highlight the persistent impact of chronic ethanol exposure on infectious disease outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mayaro virus (MAYV) is the causative agent of Mayaro fever, which is characterized mainly by acute fever and long-term severe arthralgia, common manifestations of other arbovirus infections, making the correct diagnosis a challenge. Besides, MAYV infections have been reported in South America, especially in Brazil. However, the lack of vaccines or specific antiviral drugs to control these infections makes the search for new antivirals an urgent need. Herein, we evaluated the antiviral potential of synthetic β-enaminoesters derivatives against MAYV replication and their pharmacokinetic and toxicological (ADMET) properties using in vitro and in silico strategies. For this purpose, Vero cells were infected with MAYV at an MOI of 0.1, treated with compounds (50 µM) for 24 h, and virus titers were quantified by plaque reduction assays. Compounds 2b (83.33%) and 2d (77.53%) exhibited the highest activity with inhibition rates of 83.33% and 77.53%, respectively. The most active compounds 2b (EC50 = 18.92 µM; SI > 52.85), and 2d (EC50 = 14.52 µM; SI > 68.87) exhibited higher potency and selectivity than the control drug suramin (EC50 = 38.97 µM; SI > 25.66). Then, we investigated the mechanism of action of the most active compounds. None of the compounds showed virucidal activity, neither inhibited virus adsorption, but compound 2b inhibited virus entry (62.64%). Also, compounds 2b and 2d inhibited some processes involved with the release of new virus particles. Finally, in silico results indicated good ADMET parameters of the most active compounds and reinforced their promising profile as drug candidates against MAYV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genomic selection (GS) is becoming increasingly widespread and applied due to the promising results obtained, cost savings in generating single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, and the development of statistical models that allow to improve the analysis robustness and accuracy. The composition and size of the training population have a major influence on GS, which poses challenges for interspecific biparental populations. Another factor is the use of different reference genomes from other species to perform SNP calling, which could make it possible to explore variability in interspecific crosses comprehensively. Late leaf rust is a disease caused by the pathogen Acculeastrum americanum, and there are reports on genetic resistance in Rubus occidentalis, which leads to the need for interspecific hybridizations, aiming to combine the fruit quality of R. idaeus with the resistance of R. occidentalis. The present study was carried out with a population of 94 interspecific raspberry hybrids. We evaluated the effect of different reference genomes on the SNP markers discovery, as well as training population optimization strategies on the accuracy of genomic predictions, namely the CV-α, leaving-one-family-out (LOFO), pairwise families, and stratified k-fold. The average predictive accuracies ranged from − 0.33 to 0.44 and We demonstrated higher prediction accuracy and more precise estimates when we combined stratified sampling to compose the training set (CV-α and k-fold stratified CV) and the panel of Unique markers. These results corroborate that genomic prediction aligned with SNP calling and training population optimization strategies can significantly increase genetic gains in interspecific biparental crosses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the search for packaging that causes lower environmental damage, paper has been widely targeted to increase its use in the packaging industries. Still, the water and oil barrier characteristics need to be improved. To correct such deficiencies, different formulations of natural rubber incorporated with cellulose micro/nanofibrils, and carnauba wax were evaluated as alternative coatings of renewable and biodegradable origin on kraftliner and paperboard in the oil and water barrier properties at different grammage (5, 10 and 15 g/m2). The contact angle showed the hydrophobic characteristics of coated papers with angle values of 105° for rubber coatings with micro/nanofibrils and the stability of the water drop with the evaluation of wettability with values close to zero (0.01°/s). The results of Cobb 120 confirmed the hydrophobicity of the coated papers with values close to zero and close to those found by the polyacrylate varnish and the reduction of water vapor permeation by up to 65%. In addition to decreased affinity for water, the papers were also resistant to oil, reaching the maximum resistance value (kit-oil n° 12). Because of these results, natural rubber presents itself as a possible substitute for synthetic materials for covering papers and, together with the micro/nanofibrils of cellulose and carnauba wax, can correct the barrier deficiencies of the papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving key biomass functionalities necessitates effective liquid-liquid fractionation methods for heavy bio-oil. Here, fast-pyrolysis bio-oil derived from eucalypt wood was fractionated in cold water to separate insoluble and water-soluble fractions. We focus on the water-soluble fraction, a promising renewable source of chemicals with potential antioxidant and antimicrobial approaches. Fast-pyrolysis bio-oil was fractionated in three oil-to-water ratios, 1:100, 1:50, and 1:35, separating the pyrolytic lignin and producing water-soluble fractions as byproducts. The water-soluble fractions were analytically investigated through physicochemical properties, chemical composition by chromatography, phenolic content, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity, and their storage stability. Higher water content in the pyrolytic lignin separation resulted in higher yield and higher molecular weight compounds concentration in the water-soluble fractions, with the presence of high-value-added chemicals, such as catechol, vanillin, and levoglucosan. Levoglucosan was the dominant chemical identified in the water-soluble fractions, notably for the 1:50 oil-to-water ratio. These remarkable chemicals and a high phenolic content contribute to both high antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Despite the low concentration, all water-soluble fractions exhibited intense inhibition of Trametes versicolor and Gloeophyllum trabeum fungi. The fraction 1:50 completely inhibited the fungal activity. Both 1:100 and 1:50 fractions showed antibacterial activity for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Regardless of the oil-to-water ratio, water-soluble fractions exhibited a relative storage chemical stability under accelerated aging conditions for 43 days. Therefore, water-soluble fractions of fast-pyrolysis bio-oil derived from a simple method to separate pyrolytic lignin are functional materials with remarkable antioxidant and antimicrobial properties and, hence, upgrading bio-oil based on their functionalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Improvements in breast cancer management continue to increase survival and life expectancy after treatment. Yet the adverse effects of treatment may persist long term, threatening physical, psychological, and social wellbeing, leading to impaired quality of life (QOL). Upper-body morbidity (UBM) such as pain, lymphoedema, restricted shoulder range of motion (ROM), and impaired function are widely reported after breast cancer treatment, but evidence demonstrating its impact on QOL is inconsistent. Therefore, the aim of the study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the effect of UBM on QOL following primary breast cancer treatment. Methods: The study was prospectively registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020203445). CINAHL, Embase, Emcare, PsycInfo, PubMed/Medline, and SPORTDiscus databases were searched for studies reporting QOL in individuals with and without UBM following primary breast cancer treatment. Primary analysis determined the standardised mean difference (SMD) in physical, psychological, and social wellbeing scores between UBM + /UBM − groups. Secondary analyses identified differences in QOL scores between groups, according to questionnaire. Results: Fifty-eight studies were included, with 39 conducive to meta-analysis. Types of UBM included pain, lymphoedema, restricted shoulder ROM, impaired upper-body function, and upper-body symptoms. UBM + groups reported poorer physical (SMD = − 0.99; 95%CI = − 1.26, − 0.71; p < 0.00001), psychological (SMD = − 0.43; 95%CI = − 0.60, − 0.27; p < 0.00001), and social wellbeing (SMD = − 0.62; 95%CI = − 0.83, − 0.40; p < 0.00001) than UBM − groups. Secondary analyses according to questionnaire showed that UBM + groups rated their QOL poorer or at equal to, UBM − groups across all domains. Conclusions: Findings demonstrate the significant, negative impact of UBM on QOL, pervading physical, psychological, and social domains. Implications for Cancer Survivors: Efforts to assess and minimise the multidimensional impact of UBM are warranted to mitigate impaired QOL after breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SARS-CoV-2 caused the pandemic situation experienced since the beginning of 2020, and many countries faced the rapid spread and severe form of the disease. Mechanisms of interaction between the virus and the host were observed during acute phase, but few data are available when related to immunity dynamics in convalescents. We conducted a longitudinal study, with 51 healthy donors and 62 COVID-19 convalescent patients, which these had a 2-month follow-up after symptoms recovery. Venous blood sample was obtained from all participants to measure blood count, subpopulations of monocytes, lymphocytes, natural killer cells and dendritic cells. Serum was used to measure cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, anti-N IgG and anti-S IgG/IgM antibodies. Statistic was performed by Kruskal–Wallis test, and linear regression with days post symptoms and antibody titers. All analysis had confidence interval of 95%. Less than 35% of convalescents were anti-S IgM+, while more than 80% were IgG+ in D30. Anti-N IgG decreased along time, with loss of seroreactivity of 13%. Eosinophil count played a distinct role on both antibodies during all study, and the convalescence was orchestrated by higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and IL-15, but initial stages were marked by increase in myeloid DCs, B1 lymphocytes, inflammatory and patrolling monocytes, G-CSF and IL-2. Later convalescence seemed to change to cytotoxicity mediated by T lymphocytes, plasmacytoid DCs, VEGF, IL-9 and CXCL10. Anti-S IgG antibodies showed the longest perseverance and may be a better option for diagnosis. The inflammatory pattern is yet present on initial stage of convalescence, but quickly shifts to a reparative dynamic. Meanwhile eosinophils seem to play a role on anti-N levels in convalescence, although may not be the major causative agent. We must highlight the importance of immunological markers on acute clinical outcomes, but their comprehension to potentialize adaptive system must be explored to improve immunizations and further preventive policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Janusia is a South American genus of flowering plants. Most of its 15 described species are centered in Brazil, where they are found in diverse habitats across the Caatinga and Cerrado biomes, and a few other species can be found in the Atlantic Forest region. This paper describes Janusia longibracteolata, a new species endemic to semideciduous forests in the state of Bahia, Brazil, at elevations of 900 to 1000 m. This study was based on fieldwork and a study of herbarium collections, which resulted in photos, dried preserved material, and information about the new species and its environment. The most notable morphological characters that distinguish the new species are its subulate floral bracts and bracteoles, which are the largest known in the genus. This new species is described, illustrated, and compared with the other species in Janusia. This novelty underscores the need to preserve Bahia's remaining semideciduous forests and to increase botanical exploration in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small hydroelectric power plants (SHPPs) are often promoted as clean and renewable energy sources. However, SHPPs are often characterized by hydropeaking, which is a practice involving the sudden release of water from turbines. Hydropeaking may have multiple detrimental effects on downstream ecosystems, among which is fish stranding. This phenomenon involves trapping fish in isolated pools or dry riverbeds, which detrimental effects on fish populations and assemblages are often poorly quantified. Here, we investigated the implications that hydropeaking may have on fish populations in small Brazilian rivers. Specifically, we recorded fish stranding events (including the number of individual fish stranded) while monitoring the practice of hydropeaking by SHPPs in two watersheds. By combining observational and modeling approaches, we examined the relationships between fish stranding events and the operation of six SHPPs along a 5 km downstream stretch. For this analysis, we focused primarily on fish families which were dominant in the rivers. Our results indicate an exponential increase in fish stranding due to hydropeaking, which significantly affects fish populations as we move away from the SHPPs axes and towards downstream sections. The principal affected fish families were Characidae (23.7% of stranding), Heptaperidae (23.2%), Loricariidae (19.8%), and Pimelodidae (11.1%). In the monitored watersheds, our models predicts that if even one fish stranding event occurs annually, it could results in the stranding of nearly 500,000 individuals. This, in turn, could have severe adverse effects on the ability of these fish families to replenish themselves. We thereby emphasize the importance of adaptive management for flow regulation and incorporating lateral fish passage structures into the riverbed. This approach is essential for achieving sustainable hydroelectric power generation in Brazil while safeguarding the ecological integrity of small rivers and their fish populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the anaerobic co-digestion of sugarcane vinasse (V) and elephant grass silage (S) to produce methane. Box-Behnken experimental design was applied to verify the statistical effects of the elephant grass ensiling time (40, 80 and 120 days), alkaline pretreatment of elephant grass silage (0.5, 2.25 and 4.00% w/v NaOH) and S:V mixture ratio (25:75, 50:50 and 75:25) on the methane yield. The results showed that the ensiling process resulted in the low degradation of lignocellulosic substances, emphasizing the need for pretreatment using more efficient techniques, such as thermo-alkaline, to improve the breakdown of elephant grass fibres. COD removals varied between 35 and 85%, and carbohydrate consumptions ranged from 63 to 72%, with the higher efficiencies for both parameters occurring in the reactors with lower percentages of silage. Cumulative methane yield ranged from 190.77 mLCH4/gVS (in the reactor with S:V of 75:25, 0.50% w/v NaOH and 80 ensiling days) to 1729.80 mLCH4/gVS (in the reactor with S:V of 25:75, 2.25% w/v NaOH and 120 ensiling days). According to ANOVA, S:V ratio was the only variable with a significant effect (p < 0.05) on cumulative methane yield. Therefore, the findings indicate that the relative composition of substrates within the mixture exerted the most significant influence on the process, underscoring the critical role of vinasse as a co-substrate in enhancing methane production despite silage pretreatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The effect of swimming on bone health remains unclear, namely due to discrepant findings between studies in humans and animal models. Objective: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to identify the available evidence on the effects of swimming on bone mass, geometry and microarchitecture at the lumbar spine, femur and tibia in both humans and rodent animal models. Methods: The study followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered at PROSPERO (CRD4202236347 and CRD42022363714 for human and animal studies). Two different systematic literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, retrieving 36 and 16 reports for humans and animal models, respectively. Results: In humans, areal bone mineral density (aBMD) was similar between swimmers and non-athletic controls at the lumbar spine, hip and femoral neck. Swimmers' tibia diaphysis showed a higher cross-sectional area but lower cortical thickness. Inconsistent findings at the femoral neck cortical thickness were found. Due to the small number of studies, trabecular microarchitecture in human swimmers was not assessed. In rodent models, aBMD was found to be lower at the tibia, but similar at the femur. Inconsistent findings in femur diaphysis cross-sectional area were observed. No differences in femur and tibia trabecular microarchitecture were found. Conclusion: Swimming seems to affect bone health differently according to anatomical region. Studies in both humans and rodent models suggest that tibia cortical bone is negatively affected by swimming. There was no evidence of a negative effect of swimming on other bone regions, both in humans and animal models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sialic acids at the cell surface of dendritic cells (DCs) play an important immunomodulatory role, and their manipulation enhances DC maturation, leading to heightened T cell activation. Particularly, at the molecular level, the increased stability of surface MHC-I molecules in monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs) underpins an improved DC: T cell interaction. In this study, we focused on the impact of sialic acid remodelling by treatment with Clostridium perfringens sialidase on MoDCs' phenotypic and functional characteristics. Our investigation juxtaposes this novel approach with the conventional cytokine-based maturation regimen commonly employed in clinical settings. Notably, C. perfringens sialidase remarkably increased MHC-I levels compared to other sialidases having different specificities, supporting the idea that higher MHC-I is due to the cleavage of specific sialoglycans on cell surface proteins. Sialidase treatment induced rapid elevated surface expression of MHC-I, MHC-II and CD40 within an hour, a response not fully replicated by 48 h cytokine cocktail treatment. These increases were also observable 48 h post sialidase treatment. While CD86 and PD-L1 showed significant increases after 48 h of cytokine maturation, 48 h post sialidase treatment showed a higher increase in CD86 and shorter increase in PD-L1. CCR-7 expression was significantly increased 48 h after sialidase treatment but not significantly affected by cytokine maturation. Both treatments promoted higher secretion of the IL-12 cytokine. However, the cytokine cocktail induced a more pronounced IL-12 production. SNA lectin staining analysis demonstrated that the sialic acid profile is significantly altered by sialidase treatment, but not by the cytokine cocktail, which causes only slight sialic acid upregulation. Notably, the lipid-presenting molecules CD1a, CD1b and CD1c remained unaffected by sialidase treatment in MoDCs, a finding also further supported by experiments performed on C1R cells. Inhibition of endogenous sialidases Neu1 and Neu3 during MoDC differentiation did not affect surface MHC-I expression and cytokine secretion. Yet, sialidase activity in MoDCs was minimal, suggesting that sialidase inhibition does not significantly alter MHC-I-related functions. Our study highlights the unique maturation profile induced by sialic acid manipulation in MoDCs. These findings provide insights into the potential of sialic acid manipulation as a rapid immunomodulatory strategy, offering promising avenues for targeted interventions in inflammatory contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the PREM Earth model, more than a thousand models of the internal structure of Venus have been built, differing in the radius and density of the core, the density of the mantle, the viscosity distribution and rheology. The core radius varies from 2800 to 3600 km, and the density in the mantle and core varies within a few percent of the PREM model values. When calculating tidal Love numbers, Andrade rheology is used to take into account the inelasticity of the mantle. Specifically the values of the Andrade rheological model parameters that best describe the tidal deformation of the Earth are used. This significantly reduces the error when calculating Love numbers. It has been shown that Venus can have an internal solid core only if the composition of the planet is very different from that of Earth. Comparison of the observed values of the moment of inertia and tidal Love number k2 with model values allowed us to conclude that the radius of the core of Venus is with a high probability in the range of 3288 ± 167 km. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chandler wobble of Venus has been analyzed on the basis of the Earth-like models of the planet. The method for calculating the Chandler wobble period of Venus was tested on the example of the Earth. To take into account the inelasticity of the interior of a planet, the Andrade rheology was used; and the values of the rheologic model parameters, which can explain the observed period of the Chandler wobble of the Earth, were determined. Projections on the Chandler wobble period of Venus were obtained. For the most plausible models of the internal structure of Venus, in which the core radius is assumed to be within an interval of 3288 ± 167 km, the Chandler wobble period is 30–48 thousand years. A large error in the results is mainly caused by a wide range of probable values for the constant of precession of Venus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The detection of solid renal masses has increased over time due to incidental findings during imaging studies conducted for unrelated medical conditions. Approximately 20% of lesions measuring less than 4 cm are benign and 80% are malignant. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most frequent among renal carcinomas, responsible for 65–80% of cases. The increased detection of renal masses facilitates early diagnosis and treatment. However, it also leads to more invasive interventions, which result in higher morbidity and costs. Currently, only histological analysis can offer an accurate diagnosis. Surgical nephron loss significantly elevates morbidity and mortality rates. Active surveillance represents a conservative management approach for patients diagnosed with a solid renal mass that is endorsed by both American Urological Association and the European Society for Medical Oncology. However, active surveillance is used in a minority of patients and varies across institutions. The lack of clinical studies using a standardized approach to incidentally detected small renal masses precludes the widespread use of active surveillance. Hence, there is an urgent need for better patient selection, distinguishing those who require surgery from those suitable for active surveillance. The clear cell likelihood score (ccLS) represents a novel MRI tool for assessing the probability of a renal mass being a ccRCC. In this study, we present a comprehensive review of renal masses and their evaluation using the ccLS to facilitate shared decision between urologists and patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzed urban forests in cities of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, aiming to explore the floristic composition, determine whether native or exotic species predominate, and investigate whether the biome of origin influences species composition. A survey of floristic studies in urban areas conducted in 2002–2023, utilized four databases: Google Scholar, Scopus, Scielo, and Web of Science. The search used the following descriptors: "qualitative analysis", "urban afforestation", "urban forest", "urban green spaces", and "Minas Gerais". Species were classified by origin, i.e., native or exotic, and in relation to their biome (Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, and Caatinga). A total of 407 species were identified, with 56% classified as exotic. The floristic profile of the urban forest was characterized by high richness of Fabaceae and significant representation of species such as Cenostigma pluviosum, Moquilea tomentosa, Terminalia catappa, Ficus benjamina, and Murraya paniculata. A Wilcoxon test revealed a significantly higher number of exotic species than natives. Based on the results of non-metric multidimensional scaling, along with cluster analysis, it was confirmed that the species composition of the urban forest is not related to the biome of origin or associated with the mesoregions of Minas Gerais, demonstrating biotic homogenization. In conclusion, the notable number of exotic species highlights a lack of planning by municipal authorities in developing a Green Infrastructure System. We recommend that species selection for the urban forest composition consider ecological, economic, and sociocultural criteria, consider the biome of local ecosystems, and prioritize the native indigenous species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Political responses to the COVID-19 pandemic led to changes in city soundscapes around the globe. From March to October 2020, a consortium of 261 contributors from 35 countries brought together by the Silent Cities project built a unique soundscape recordings collection to report on local acoustic changes in urban areas. We present this collection here, along with metadata including observational descriptions of the local areas from the contributors, open-source environmental data, open-source confinement levels and calculation of acoustic descriptors. We performed a technical validation of the dataset using statistical models run on a subset of manually annotated soundscapes. Results confirmed the large-scale usability of ecoacoustic indices and automatic sound event recognition in the Silent Cities soundscape collection. We expect this dataset to be useful for research in the multidisciplinary field of environmental sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global consumption of nori, a widely consumed commercial edible algal film, is predominant in Asian countries. As the demand for Asian cuisine rises in Brazil, there is a growing need to explore alternatives to importation, such as producing edible films using seaweeds from the Brazilian coast—specifically Ulva lactuca and Kappaphycus alvarezii. In this study, seaweed film formulations varied in concentrations, from 80% U. lactuca and 20% K. alvarezii to an equal proportion of 50% of each alga, heating at 90°C for 3 and 5 minutes. Results showed that the filmogenic suspensions had a pseudoplastic behavior, with viscosity decreasing as K. alvarezii concentration increased. The resistance of heated gels increased with higher K. alvarezii concentrations and prolonged heating times. Surface uniformity improved with elevated K. alvarezii concentration and extended heating time. As K. alvarezii concentration increased, films exhibited less intense coloration, heightened transparency, and increased solubility. Films with higher K. alvarezii content demonstrated greater tensile strength, albeit without an increase in elongation capacity. Sorption isotherms exhibited a characteristic Type II pattern, and modeling using the GAB model suggested stronger bonds in treatments with extended heating times. Despite the need for enhanced flexibility, the results indicate potential applications in snacks or as alternatives to nori. Notably, these films were produced solely with seaweeds and water, aligning with Nori's minimalistic approach. Treatments with a concentration of 60% U. lactuca and 40% K. alvarezii proved to be the most promising. This study lays the groundwork for future research in developing edible films derived from seaweeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apocynaceae, one of the largest plant families with over 5.100 widely distributed species, serves as a significant model for evolutionary and biochemical studies. Within this family, compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids with potential therapeutic activities have been isolated. Among its subfamilies, Asclepiadoideae is recognized as a rich source of C21 pregnane derivatives. This paper presents a comprehensive review of pregnane glycosides (PG) obtained from Asclepiadoideae, employing an interdisciplinary approach that combines chemophenetics with neural network data analysis to identify promising species and bioactive compounds. A dataset comprising 660 unique PGs and 705 botanical occurrences was compiled for this purpose. The ethnopharmacological aspects, as well as the extraction, isolation, and biological activity of PGs, were analyzed and discussed. Chemophenetic analysis using Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) and phylogeny reconstruction revealed similarities between the Marsdenia-Ceropegiae tribes and highlighted the occurrence of seco and diseco pregnane types predominantly within the Asclepiadeae tribe. Both scaffolds exhibited intriguing structural features, and their derivatives have demonstrated anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities. These findings provide valuable insights for future research on these compounds and their medicinal plant sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is classically associated with the HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), although the mechanisms of this neurological disorder remain unclear. In addition, some patients who develop "minor" neurological signs that do not meet diagnostic criteria for HAM/TSP are classified as asymptomatic carriers. This study aims to demonstrate the neurological symptoms of Brazilian patients living with HTLV-1 classified as not-HAM.TSP. This observational study evaluated patients treated in an HTLV reference center in Bahia, Brazil, between February 2022 and July 2023. The data were obtained through the analysis of medical records and neurological consultation. Those individuals classified as HAM/ TSP were excluded from this study. 74 patients were submitted to a careful neurological evaluation: 23 HAM/TSP, 22 were classified with intermediate syndrome (IS), and 29 were oligosymptomatic. Self-reported symptoms were significantly more common in the IS group, including urinary symptoms such as nocturia, urgency, incontinence, dysuria, weakness, paresthesia, lumbar pain, xerostomia, and xerophthalmia. Physical examination findings consistent with reduced vibratory and tactile sensitivity were more common in the IS group (p = 0.017 and p = 0.013). Alterations in the V and VIII cranial nerves were present in both groups. HTLV-1 can lead to the development of important neurological signs and symptoms in apparently asymptomatic individuals. This data highlights the need for more research into the neurological aspects of HTLV-1 infection and emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis, treatment, and support for individuals living with this virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perfusion Computed Tomography (PCT) is an alternative tool to assess cerebral hemodynamics during trauma. As acute traumatic subdural hematomas (ASH) is a severe primary injury associated with poor outcomes, the aim of this study was to evaluate the cerebral hemodynamics in this context. Five adult patients with moderate and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and ASH were included. All individuals were indicated for surgical evacuation. Before and after surgery, PCT was performed and cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV) and mean transit time (MTT) were evaluated. These parameters were associated with the outcome at 6 months post-trauma with the extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE). Mean age of population was 46 years (SD: 8.1). Mean post-resuscitation Glasgow coma scale (GCS) was 10 (SD: 3.4). Mean preoperative midline brain shift was 10.1 mm (SD: 1.8). Preoperative CBF and MTT were 23.9 ml/100 g/min (SD: 6.1) and 7.3 s (1.3) respectively. After surgery, CBF increase to 30.7 ml/100 g/min (SD: 5.1), and MTT decrease to 5.8s (SD:1.0), however, both changes don't achieve statistically significance (p = 0.06). Additionally, CBV increase after surgery, from 2.34 (SD: 0.67) to 2.63 ml/100 g (SD: 1.10), (p = 0.31). Spearman correlation test of postoperative and preoperative CBF ratio with outcome at 6 months was 0.94 (p = 0.054). One patient died with the highest preoperative MTT (9.97 s) and CBV (4.51 ml/100 g). CBF seems to increase after surgery, especially when evaluated together with the MTT values. It is suggested that the improvement in postoperative brain hemodynamics correlates to favorable outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change effects on coastal ecosystems vary on large spatial scales, but can also be highly site dependent at the regional level. The Wadden Sea in the south-eastern North Sea is warming faster than many other temperate coastal areas, with surface seawater temperature increasing by almost 2 °C over the last 60 years, nearly double the global ocean mean increase. Climate warming is accompanied by rising sea levels, which have increased by approximately 2 mm yr−1 over the last 120 years. For this sedimentary coast, the predicted acceleration of sea-level rise will have profound effects on tidal dynamics and bathymetry in the area. This paper synthesises studies of the effects of ocean warming and sea level rise in the northern Wadden Sea, largely based on research conducted at the Wadden Sea Station Sylt of the Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research. An increasing rate of sea level rise above a critical threshold will lead to coastal erosion and changes in sediment composition, and may cause the transition from a tidal to lagoon-like environment as tidal flats submerge. This involves changes to coastal morphology, and the decline of important habitats such as muddy tidal flats, salt marshes and seagrass meadows, as well as their ecological services (e.g. carbon sequestration). Ocean warming affects plankton dynamics and phenology, as well as benthic community structure by hampering cold-adapted but facilitating warm-adapted species. The latter consist mostly of introduced non-native species originating from warmer coasts, with some epibenthic species acting as ecosystem engineers that create novel habitats on the tidal flats. Warming also changes interactions between species by decoupling existing predator–prey dynamics, as well as forming new interactions in which mass mortalities caused by parasites and pathogens can play an understudied but essential role. However, Wadden Sea organisms can adapt to changing abiotic and biotic parameters via genetic adaptation and phenotypic plasticity, which can also be inherited across generations (transgenerational plasticity), enabling faster plastic responses to future conditions. Important research advances have been made using next-generation molecular tools (-omics), mesocosm experiments simulating future climate scenarios, modelling approaches (ecological network analysis), and internet-based technologies for data collection and archiving. By synthesising these climate change impacts on multiple levels of physical and biological organisation in the northern Wadden Sea, we reveal knowledge gaps that need to be addressed by future investigations and comparative studies in other regions in order to implement management, mitigation and restoration strategies to preserve the uniqueness of this ecosystem of global importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to evaluate the physicochemical composition and mineral profile of cocoa honey from different cocoa varieties (CCN51, PS1319, SJ02, and Parazinho) found in Brazilian territory. The results indicated that the validation parameters of the minerals analyzed (Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Sr, Zn, Ca, K, Mg, and Na) by microwave-induced plasma optical emission spectrometry (MIP OES) were considered acceptable. Furthermore, cocoa honey was characterized as an acidic product, with low protein content and high amounts of soluble solids, sugars, and energy value. The presence of magnesium (132.08–198.16 mg Kg−1), high amounts of zinc (3.01–18.76 mg Kg−1), and low amounts of sodium (44.56–94.57 mg Kg−1) provide significant reasons to encourage increased consumption of cocoa honey as a nutritious source. According to multivariate analysis, there was a greater predominance of minerals in CCN51, PS1319, and SJ02 varieties. PS1319 was characterized by the presence of Al, Fe, and Ni, while other parameters (Zn, Sr, N, K, Mg, and Ca) discriminated CCN51 and SJ02 varieties. Thus, the obtained data enabled the delineation of a physicochemical and nutritional profile of cocoa honey based on cocoa variety. This characterization is crucial for enhancing cocoa honey and its potential future technological applications and incorporation into new products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The influence of tropical fruticulture that was established in Amazonian dark earth was investigated by considering changes in soil physical and chemical properties. Soil samples were collected at two layers (0–0.1 and 0.1–0.2 m) under two dissimilar conditions: naturalized archaeological site (Amazonian dark earth) vs. tropical fruticulture. Material and methods: We evaluated soil texture (clay, sand, and silt contents), bulk density, soil porosity, soil resistance, carbon stock (C stock), soil moisture, geometric mean diameter, weighted average diameter, average diameter < 2 mm, average diameter > 2 mm, soil pH, exchangeable cations (Al3+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+), potential acidity, soil organic carbon (SOC), and available P. Results and discussion: Our results emphasized the soil physico-chemical changes as influenced by tropical fruticulture in the Amazonian dark earth. The PCA and SEM showed that the tropical fruticulture had an overall negative effect on available P, Ca2+, GMD, soil aggregation, SOC, C stock, bulk density, and soil resistance. Conclusion: The results of our study highlighted the importance of considering the Amazonian dark earth as an archaeological site, and when necessary for food production, we must consider soil management practices to promote soil ecosystem avoiding soil quality loss. Thus, long-term experiments in the studied sites considering soil management may exploit different feedback among tropical fruticulture and the Amazonian dark earth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardinalfishes are a diverse family of small fish found in reef habitats. Some species exhibit bioluminescence and unusual characteristics of buccal egg incubation. Cytogenetic data on the family are confined to Pacific species but reveal remarkable karyotype diversity, as highlighted by low diploid values (2n = 34–46), which likely resulted from centric fusions. Therefore, chromosomal investigations, including samples from different marine regions and with a broader phylogenetic range, are required to elucidate the karyotype history of this group. In this study, we analyzed species from the Atlantic Ocean (Apogon americanus and Phaeoptyx pigmentaria) and the Indo-Pacific region (Sphaeramia nematoptera and Pterapogon kauderni) using conventional (Giemsa staining, Ag-NORs, and C-banding) and molecular (in situ mapping of rDNAs, retrotransposons, and microsatellites) cytogenetic methods. A noticeable karyotype reduction (2n = 46 in S. nematoptera and Pte. kauderni, 2n = 38 in P. pigmentaria, and 2n = 36 in A. americanus) was detected, as well as a decrease in C-positive heterochromatin content (limited to telomeric and centromeric areas). In Indo-Pacific Ocean species, 18S rDNA and 5S rDNA are situated on distinct chromosomes, whereas in Atlantic Ocean species, they are syntenic. Interstitial telomeric sequences were found in S. nematoptera, A. americanus, and P. pigmentaria, indicating that in tandem fusions played a role in the chromosomal decrease in this group. Cardinal fish karyotype variability is remarkable, given the conservative diploid number that characterizes other Percomorpha species. It is probable that biological traits, such as buccal incubation and a brief pelagic larval stage, influence their genetic structure and the rapid rate of chromosomal differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work was to optimize the sintering process of Tm-doped calcium fluoride in order to maximize the thermoluminescent (TL) response and the optically stimulated luminescence response when stimulated by visible light in the infrared (IRSL) and blue (BSL) regions. The samples were prepared by liquid phase synthesis. X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of the characteristic calcium fluoride phase. In order to optimize the sintering process, response surface methodology (RSM) was applied separately to the three luminescence responses (TL, IRSL, and BSL). The results showed that this technique is an invaluable tool for optimizing the sintering process and that it is possible to approximate a predictive mathematical model that can estimate the luminescent area as a function of sintering temperature and time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ora-pro-nobis (OPN) is an unconventional food plant with high nutritional value, and its nutritional composition can be altered according to cultivation. Cereal bars are a popular nutrient-poor foods, and OPN could be incorporated to improve the nutritional quality. This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics and sensory acceptability of cereal bars enriched with OPN flour (OpnF) from different forms of cultivation. OpnF was obtained by dehydrating and grinding OPN leaves collected in rural (ROpnF) and urban (UOpnF) municipalities. Two formulations of cereal bars, peanut flavor (Bpn) and mango flavor (Bmg), each with 10% OpnF, were prepared. The macronutrients and mineral composition, oxalate content, water activity, texture, color profile, and acceptability were evaluated. ROpnF had the highest protein, iron, and manganese content, whereas UOpnF had the highest ash and magnesium content. The oxalic acid/calcium ratio was 1.43 and did not imply calcium bioavailability. In addition to nutritional and protein values, Bpn and Bmg presented a good sensory acceptability index of > 77.5% with market potential. Bmg has the highest mineral content and is a source of iron, manganese, and magnesium. OpnF can be used in cereal bars and potentially improve nutritional attributes and used in other foods in a similar way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The Single Anastomosis Sleeve Ileal (SASI) bypass is a new bariatric surgery corresponding to an adaptation of the Santoro approach, consisting of a sleeve gastrectomy (SG) followed by loop gastroileostomy. Therefore, we aimed to systematically assess all the current literature on SASI bypass in terms of safety, weight loss, improvement in associated comorbidities, and complications. Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis by searching three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science). We performed a meta-analysis of risk ratios and mean differences to compare surgical approaches for excessive weight loss, improvement/remission in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension (HT), dyslipidemia (DL), obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and complications. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. Results: Eighteen studies were included in the qualitative analysis and four in the quantitative analysis, comparing SASI bypass with SG and One-Anastomosis Gastric Bypass (OAGB). A comparison between Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) and SASI bypass could not be performed. Compared to SG, the SASI bypass was associated with improved weight loss (MD = 11.32; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) [7.89;14.76]; p < 0.0001), and improvement or remission in T2DM (RR = 1.35; 95%CI [1.07;1.69]; p = 0.011), DL (RR = 1.41; 95%CI [1.00;1.99]; p = 0.048) and OSA (RR = 1.50; 95%CI [1.01;2.22]; p = 0.042). No statistically significant differences in any of the assessed outcomes were observed when compared with OAGB. When compared to both SG and OAGB, the complication rate of SASI was similar. Conclusion: Although studies with longer follow-up periods are needed, this systematic review and meta-analysis showed that SASI bypass has a significant effect on weight loss and metabolic variables. Variations in outcomes between studies reinforce the need for standardization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sinking electrical discharge machining (sinking EDM) invariably results in surfaces with a thin layer of resolidified material (recast layer) after successive discharges. This phenomenon persists irrespective of the discharge energy. The need to investigate this layer frequently arises to determine the surface integrity of the component, with particular emphasis on texture and roughness parameters during finishing machining processes. This investigation is particularly crucial in research involving the use of negative polarity in metallic electrodes. However, the impact of different tool electrode materials and their polarities on texture in the Inconel 718 superalloy has yet to be thoroughly explored, and this is the central focus of the present study. Sinking EDM experiments were conducted at four duty factor levels, with input variables including an open circuit voltage of 120 V and a discharge current of 2.4 A. Special graphite, copper, and copper-tungsten alloy (CuW) were used as tool electrode materials, with both positive and negative polarities in the experiments. Morphological analysis, surface texture, and three-dimensional roughness parameters were innovatively compared for surface characterizations. In terms of average roughness, the graphite electrode (cathode) exhibited the highest amplitude deviation, with Sa = 2360 μm. In contrast, the metallic electrodes demonstrated superior roughness, with copper at Sa = 1063 μm and CuW at Sa = 1047 μm, representing reductions of 55.0% and 55.6%, respectively. A significant correlation was observed among the variables under study, with a correlation coefficient (ρ) of 0.98 between the parameters Sdq-Sdr, indicating a very strong positive correlation, and a ρ of −0.91 between Smr2-Sdr, revealing a very strong negative correlation. The texture assessment prioritized volume analysis and revealed that the peak volume (µm³/µm²) was evenly distributed among different electrode materials and polarities. Metallic electrodes exhibited higher average volumetric amplitudes under positive polarity. Conversely, an alteration in average volumes was observed for valley voids, although these changes fell within the standard deviation range. Notably, valleys appeared more pronounced when using the graphite (+) electrode, showing a 200% increase, as opposed to a 125% increase with the graphite (−) electrode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to escalating concerns about environmental pollution from conventional plastic packaging, there is a growing interest in ecological and sustainable materials for food packaging. Consequently, biopolymer-based electrospun materials, particularly polysaccharides such as chitosan (CH), starch, and cellulose, have emerged as promising alternatives to synthetic ones due to their remarkable barrier properties and mechanical strength. Moreover, following the trend of employing polysaccharides as ecological and sustainable solutions for packaging materials, natural colorants have also been recognized as safer alternatives to synthetic dyes, addressing concerns about potential adverse effects on human health and the environment. These natural colorants add color to food packaging and enhance food freshness, possibly extending shelf life and promoting consumers' perception of food quality and safety. Therefore, this review summarizes recent advancements in fabricating and characterizing electrospun materials based on polysaccharides and natural colorants for sustainable food packaging. It explores various electrospinning techniques and highlights the incorporation of natural colorants, including bacterial pigments, for active and intelligent packaging applications. Moreover, it emphasizes the increasing role of the biobased industry in developing sustainable packaging materials with bioactive coloration. Lastly, the review addresses challenges, opportunities, and future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coping with complex landscape situations in the Anthropocene increasingly demands innovative governance practices that can be facilitated by investment in new epistemological and methodological approaches and capacities. This paper explores the use of a multimethodological research approach organized as a systemic co-inquiry to assist in the design of systemic governance for Agroextractivist Settlement Projects (PAEs) in the municipality of Abaetetuba, Pará, in the Brazilian Amazon. In the PAEs, the systemic co-inquiry was conducted alongside interested and influential stakeholders through the combined use of the Soft Systems Methodology and Strategic Options Development and Analysis problem structuring methods. The use of these methods and their tools allowed stakeholders to articulate major issues around the situation of concern, engaging in reflective practices about the opportunities of governing the PAEs systemically. By valuing stakeholder perspectives and participation in all phases of the research, the proposed multimethodology approach helped them express their views on the problem situation and allowed for their active engagement in the design of systemic governance of the PAEs. As a result of adopting a multimethodological approach, distinctive albeit coupled realms of governing are explored, a key issue when designing systemic governance practices of social-ecological systems such as the PAEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pesticides effectively manage fungal diseases in fruits and vegetables; however, their toxicity poses significant environmental risks to human beings. Consequently, the chemical industry faces a daunting challenge in controlling or eliminating the presence of pesticides in the natural environment. The present work reports the synthesis of zeolitic materials with distinct structural properties (starting from the layered precursor PREFER and 3D-faujasite) and their use for the removal of the pesticide myclobutanil. The PREFER sample underwent two distinct treatments: external functionalization with CTAB and layers separation (delamination). On the other hand, external functionalization of the faujasite surface with different CTAB contents was performed. The results showed that the potentially delaminated PREFER sample (PREFER-CTAB-90ºC) performed better in removing the pesticide among all the samples due to the higher availability of CTAB on their exposed lamellae. In contrast, the samples with a double-layered arrangement of CTAB chains presented better pesticide removal performance in comparison with the samples with a single CTAB arrangement. DFT calculations were performed to elucidate the interaction mechanism occurring between myclobutanil and CTAB. The obtained results indicate that the adsorption of myclobutanil by two CTAB molecules is more efficient than a single CTAB; the calculated binding energy considering two CTAB molecules in the process was nearly four times larger than for a single CTAB. The theoretical data provided validation for the adsorbent performances, including a detailed discussion of molecular mechanisms (with and without solvent effects). This proof-of-principle study emphasizes the significant potential of CTAB-functionalized zeolite in removing myclobutanil. This represents an important advancement toward better understanding and harnessing the capabilities of this material for effective and efficient pesticide removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]