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Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder in the world. Thousands of scientific works are published every year. We have analyzed more than 3 thousand organizations, who have published works on various aspects of parkinson's disease in the period from 2015 to 2021. We have evaluated 4 classical centrality indices (In-degree, Eigenvector, Pagerank and Betweenness) and 2 new centrality indices. The new indices allow to take into account group influence and to identify pivotal nodes. Using the method, we have extracted the most influential organizations in the scientific area of parkinson's disease. Stability analysis allows us to measure the value of dynamic changes in the network during the period under consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 9/11, terrorism has become a global issue of the twenty-first century. Terrorist organizations become important actors of world politics as they gain influence on political process and decision-making. Some organizations compete with each other in order to gain more power and influence. We study the distribution of power among terrorist groups using network approach and applying classic and new centrality indices (Short-Range (SRIC) and Long-Range interactions indices (LRIC)). These indices allow to identify terrorist groups with direct and indirect influence on the terrorist network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of the climate change the situation in Arctic area leads to several important consequences. On the one hand, fossil fuels can be exploited much easier than before. On the other hand, their excavation leads to serious potential threats to fishing by changing natural habitats which in turn creates serious damage to the countries' economies. Another set of problems arises due to the extension of navigable season for shipping routes. Thus, there are already discussions on how should resources be allocated among countries. In Aleskerov and Victorova (An analysis of potential conflict zones in the Arctic Region, HSE Publishing House, Moscow, 2015) a model was presented analyzing preferences of the countries interested in natural resources and revealing potential conflicts among them. We present several areas allocation models based on different preferences over resources among interested countries. As a result, we constructed several allocations where areas are assigned to countries with respect to the distance or the total interest, or according to the procedure which is counterpart of the Adjusted Winner procedure. We consider this work as an attempt to help decision-making authorities in their complex work on adjusting preferences and conducting negotiations in the Arctic zone. We would like to emphasize that these models can be easily extended to larger number of parameters, to the case when some areas for some reasons should be excluded from consideration, to the case with 'weighted' preferences with respect to some parameters. And we strongly believe that such models and evaluations based on them can be helpful for the process of corresponding decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present an analysis of the distribution of voting power in the Reichstag of the Weimar Republic based on the outcomes of the nine general elections in the period 1919-1933. The paper contains a brief description of the political and electoral system of the Weimar Republic and a characterization of the main political actors and their political views. The power distributions are evaluated by means of the Banzhaf index and two new indices which take into account the parties' preferences to coalesce. A model is constructed to evaluate the parties' preferences with reference to the closeness of the ideological positions in a one-dimensional political space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various Condorcet consistent social choice functions based on majority rule (tournament solutions) are considered in the general case, when ties are allowed: the core, the weak and strong top cycle sets, versions of the uncovered and minimal weakly stable sets, the uncaptured set, the untrapped set, classes of k-stable alternatives and k-stable sets. The main focus of the paper is to construct a unified matrix-vector representation of a tournament solution in order to get a convenient algorithm for its calculation. New versions of some solutions are also proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a new method for conducting Single transferable vote (STV) elections and provide a unified method for describing classic STV procedures (the Gregory Method, the inclusive Gregory method and the Weighted inclusive Gregory method) as an iterative procedure. We also propose a modification for quota definition that improves the theoretical properties of the procedures. The method is justified by utilising a new set of axioms. We show that this method extends the Weighted inclusive Gregory method with the modified definition of quota and random equiprobable selection of a winning coalition in each iteration. The results are extended to the methods, allowing fractional numbers of votes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an environment with three alternatives, we compute the degree of manipulability of five multi-valued social choice rules, under four preference extension methods, according to two indices. We have found that in our framework in most cases Black's procedure is the least manipulable rule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

problem of axiomatic construction of a social decision function is studied for the case when individual opinions of agents are given as m-graded preferences with arbitrary integer m ≥ 3. It is shown that the only rule satisfying the introduced axioms of Pairwise Compensation, Pareto Domination and Noncompensatory Threshold and Contraction is the threshold rule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A two-stage sequential choice model is studied, the first stage being defined by q-Pareto multicriterial choice rule, and the second stage being defined by scalar extremization model. In this model, at the first stage the q-Pareto rule choses alternatives which are not only undominated in terms of Pareto comparison, but also includes into choice the alternatives which are dominated by no more than q alternatives. Since the choice set of the first-stage usually contains too many elements, obtained set is used as a presentation for the second stage constructed by a scalar extremization model. The properties of the model are studied as well as its representability to one-stage scalar extremization model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the history of social choice in Russia and the Soviet Union. Social choice during the medieval times were governed by the people's right to vote. The votes of the people were not actually counted. The uncertainty in voting continued until the middle of the 18th century. The decree of Catherine II was the first mention of voting procedures from 1762 through 1796.

Long-run dependencies among inflation, growth rates of money, real output and real output per capita are analysed. For a cross-section of 119 countries, clusters are obtained, and correlations among these variables within each cluster are calculated. Unlike the correlations obtained using data from the full sample, correlations of growth rates of real output and real output per capita with money growth and inflation are dissimilar across clusters. In particular, for some clusters of countries positive long-run relationships of money growth and inflation with growth rates of real output are observed. JEL Classification Numbers: E5, F01, C69. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]