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Somatic embryogenesis was obtained from callus of wild arum ( Arum palaestinum). Callus was induced from sterilized corm bud sprouts cultured on basal medium containing 4.4 μM 6-benzyladenine and 5.4 μM 1-naphthaleneacetic acid. Callus was maintained under dark conditions using basal medium with 4.4 or 8.8 μM 6-benzyladenine and 5.4 or 10.8 μM 1-naphthaleneacetic acid. The highest callus weight and most desirable callus phenotype were achieved using basal medium containing 8.8 μM 6-benzyladenine and 5.4 μM 1-naphthaleneacetic acid. Friable calli were cultured in the dark on basal medium containing 4.5 μM 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 0.46 μM 6-furfurylaminopurine, 5.4 μM 1-naphthaleneacetic acid, and 1.7 mM proline to induce embryogenesis before transfer to regeneration medium. Embryos that developed on regeneration medium were transferred to medium minus plant growth regulators for germination. Ninety percent of the germinating embryos developed into rooted plantlets. Rooted plants were grown in the greenhouse and acclimatized successfully with a 95 % survival rate. This is the first report of successful somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in A. palaestinum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A protocol for in vitro propagation of the wild germander ( Teucrium polium L.) was developed. In vitro plants were developed from ex vitro axillary buds. Then, shoot tips were excised and established on Murashige and Skoog medium. Proliferation of shoots was tested with different levels of 6-furfurylaminopurin, 6-benzyladenine, or thiadiazuron. The highest proliferation of T. polium was obtained when 6-benzyladenine and 6-furfurylaminopurin were used at 2.0 and 1.6 mg l, respectively. Thiadiazuron gave the lowest response for shoot proliferation. Rooting was experimented at different levels of Indol-3-butric acid, Indol-3-acetic acid, or 1-naphthaleneacetic acid. 1-Naphthaleneacetic was the only growth regulator which promoted root induction. Rooted plants were acclimatized successfully with 75% survival and grown in the greenhouse. In vitro- and in vivo-grown plants were analyzed for essential oil production. In vitro-grown T. polium on MS medium supplemented with 6-benzyladenine and 1-naphthaleneacetic gave higher oil yield than that grown on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog medium. In vivo (wild)-grown T. polium produced different oil yield when collected in different months (April and October). β-caryophyllene, used as a marker compound in the essential oil, was identified and quantified by gas chromatography (GC) analysis. Gas chromatography/mass (GC-MS) spectrometry analysis was also used to identify other components of in vitro cultures and to compare with in vivo-grown plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]