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It observers that an object is submerged in a liquid, more pressure is applied to its bottom surface than its top surface, as a result pressure rises within depth of fluids. A buoyancy force is generated due to the pressure difference. In the current investigation, the mathematical formulation of bio-convective stagnation point flow of a radiative Maxwell fluid with multiple slip effect on an exponentially porous stretching surface is analyzed thoroughly. The buoyancy assisting and opposing conditions with magnetic field are discussed in the current investigation. Moreover, the energy and concertation equations are formulated by the utilization of Cattaneo–Christov theory and non-uniform heat source/sink. The flow model is developed in the form of partial derivatives, then use the similarity variables to convert the physical system into nonlinear ordinary derivative. The nonlinear system is tackled numerically with the help of Bvp4c approach on the MATLAB. The graphical upshots for various emerging parameter are observed with two aspects: buoyancy assisting λ > 0 and buoyancy opposing λ < 0 . The observation shows that the greater values of mixed convection parameter improves the fluid velocity for assisting flow λ > 0 , while declining trend is noticing for opposing flow situation λ > 0 . Further, it is worth noticing that stronger inputs of thermal and concentration relaxation parameter yield lesser thermal and concentration diffusivity, which reduces the temperature and nanoparticles concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work analyzes the non-Newtonian nature of blood flow through a stenosed artery by utilizing the Rabinowitsch fluid model. We explored the pseudoplastic nature of Rabinowitsch fluid as the blood has the shear-thinning characteristic. The artery is affected by various shapes (bell shape, W shape, elliptical shape) and multiple stenoses. It has permeable wall and slip effects on the boundary. The governing equations of the flow are processed in dimensionless form along with the assumptions of mild stenosis and solved analytically. A detailed graphical analysis of the analytically attained solution is provided. It is found that the flow velocity gets higher values in the narrowed region, and it overgrows in the stenotic region. Its behavior depicted near the axis of the channel reverses in the vicinity of the arterial wall for slip parameter and Darcy number. The local sensitivity analysis is utilized to assess the influence of significant physical parameters on the flow velocity. The slip parameter has a more substantial impact, and stenosis height has a more negligible effect on the flow velocity. The Darcy number is more effective than stenosis height and less influential than the slip parameter. The streamlines split into the contours in the stenotic region close to the boundary. The size of contours diminishes for a quick flow and increases for growing stenosis height and higher Darcy number. These contours have various shapes depending upon the shape of stenosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This analysis examines the flow of Ree–Eyring nanofluid over a stretching sheet in the presence of an inclined magnetic field. The nanoparticle distribution in the nanofluid is stabilised by the movement of motile microorganisms and it constitutes bioconvection. Meanwhile, the impact of thermophoresis and Brownian motion which plays an important role in the transfer of heat and mass is considered along with the convective boundary conditions. The flow of non-Newtonian nanofluid is widely used in the many manufacturing industries as a major component of cooling. Furthermore, it finds applications in thermal extrusion systems, biomedical engineering, cancer treatment etc. The governing equations are formulated using partial differential equations that are translated into non-linear differential equations employing appropriate relations based on these assumptions. The differential transformation technique (DTM) is used to solve these non-linear differential equations, and the results are shown in graphs and tables for various fluid flow parameters. The skin friction coefficient, local Nusselt, and motile density are all calculated and examined numerically. Fluid velocity is observed to increase as a function of a fluid variable. Furthermore, increasing the value of the thermal and relaxation solutal parameters reduces the temperature and concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entropy creation by a blood-hybrid nanofluid flow with gold-tantalum nanoparticles in a tilted cylindrical artery with composite stenosis under the influence of Joule heating, body acceleration, and thermal radiation is the focus of this research. Using the Sisko fluid model, the non-Newtonian behaviour of blood is investigated. The finite difference (FD) approach is used to solve the equations of motion and entropy for a system subject to certain constraints. The optimal heat transfer rate with respect to radiation, Hartmann number, and nanoparticle volume fraction is calculated using a response surface technique and sensitivity analysis. The impacts of significant parameters such as Hartmann number, angle parameter, nanoparticle volume fraction, body acceleration amplitude, radiation, and Reynolds number on the velocity, temperature, entropy generation, flow rate, shear stress of wall, and heat transfer rate are exhibited via the graphs and tables. Present results disclose that the flow rate profile increase by improving the Womersley number and the opposite nature is noticed in nanoparticle volume fraction. The total entropy generation reduces by improving radiation. The Hartmann number expose a positive sensitivity for all level of nanoparticle volume fraction. The sensitivity analysis revealed that the radiation and nanoparticle volume fraction showed a negative sensitivity for all magnetic field levels. It is seen that the presence of hybrid nanoparticles in the bloodstream leads to a more substantial reduction in the axial velocity of blood compared to Sisko blood. An increase in the volume fraction results in a noticeable decrease in the volumetric flow rate in the axial direction, while higher values of infinite shear rate viscosity lead to a significant reduction in the magnitude of the blood flow pattern. The blood temperature exhibits a linear increase with respect to the volume fraction of hybrid nanoparticles. Specifically, utilizing a hybrid nanofluid with a volume fraction of 3% leads to a 2.01316% higher temperature compared to the base fluid (blood). Similarly, a 5% volume fraction corresponds to a temperature increase of 3.45093%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the examination of various features of microorganism flow of Oldroyd-B nanofluid considering the effects of the magnetic field, porous medium, Joule heating, Brownian motion, mixed convection, thermal radiation, and thermophoresis. With the help of similarity transformations, the governing mathematical equations of the problem are reduced to the nonlinear ordinary differential equations. These equations are solved with the help of a MATLAB function named as bvp4c method. The most important outcomes of the study reveal that the rate of heat transport is boosting with the boosting values of Eckert and Prandtl number although the boosting values of thermophoresis and Brownian motion parameter cause to decline the Nusselt number. The Sherwood number is an increasing function of both thermophoresis and Schmidt number although it is declining with the boosting values of the solutal stratified parameters. Likewise, the transfer rate of microorganism is decreasing and increasing, respectively, with the boosting values of Peclet number, microorganisms' concentration difference parameter, and bio-convection Schmidt number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blood flow rate monitoring is of great interest to engineers in biomedical sciences and medical investigators, because it may be used to identify a number of cardiovascular conditions, including arrhythmia and atherosclerosis. Many researchers have studied cardiac and arterial blood flow using many non-Newtonian fluid models. Blood-like properties are found in several non-Newtonian fluid models, including the tangent hyperbolic, Casson, Williamson, Oldroyd B, Powell–Eyring fluid, etc. The shear-thinning qualities of the tangent hyperbolic fluid model allow it to depict the rheological aspects of blood more adequately. This work aims to provide a comprehensive description of the effects of gyrotactic microorganisms on the wedge and stagnation point of a plate, along with the flow of tangent hyperbolic nanofluid over it. A set of appropriate self-similarity variables is used to transform the fluid transport equations into ordinary differential equations. The Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg procedure is then rummage-sale to solve these equations. The fluid’s transport qualities are demonstrated through the use of graphs and tables, which illustrate the impact of active parameters. Microorganisms with high motile density are typically associated with Weissenberg numbers. The thermophoresis parameter decreases in wedge and stagnation point flow examples, while it increases in plate flow cases. The multiple linear regression analysis reveals that the parameter of temperature difference significantly influences the heat transfer rate. The study sheds light on a number of topics, including hyperthermia therapies (such as those used to combat cancer), and the transmission of heat and mass in blood streams inside the cardiovascular system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation involves the Hall current effects past a low oscillating stretchable rotating disk with Joule heating and the viscous dissipation impacts on a Ferro-nanofluid flow. The entropy generation analysis is carried out to study the impact of rotational viscosity by applying a low oscillating magnetic field. The model gives the continuity, momentum, temperature, magnetization, and rotational partial differential equations. These equations are transformed into the ODEs and solved by using bvp4c MATLAB. The graphical representation of arising parameters such as effective magnetization and nanoparticle concentration on thermal profile, velocity profile, and rate of disorder along with Bejan number is presented. Drag force and the heat transfer rate are given in the tabular form. It is comprehended that for increasing nanoparticle volume fraction and magnetization parameter, the radial, and tangential velocity reduce while thermal profile surges. The comparison of present results for radial and axial velocity profiles with the existing literature shows approximately the same results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]