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Background: Food allergy reactions have been increasing over the past 5 years. In addition, we are always exposed to the risk of allergies because the herbal medicines we mainly use are used in these foods. Objectives: Therefore, we added Acorus gramineus (AG) extract to sera from 253 people to confirm that herbal medicines cause allergic reactions, and check which protein is allergic to AG. The Allergy-Q test was performed to observe the immunoglobulin E (IgE) response. Based on the high and low IgE intensities, the samples were divided into positive and negative sera. The same band was observed in each serum sample through western blotting. The protein obtained from the AG extract was separated by SDS-PAGE and identified using LC/MS. Results: There were a total of three types of proteins, and we determined whether various food triggered an allergic reaction through allergy-related studies of each protein; it was possible to find out whether this food cause an allergy. Conclusion: This research made it possible to study allergen-causing proteins in herbal medicines. In addition, it can be used for various purposes, such as knowing and treating side effects and allergic reactions when prescribing various herbal medicines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale: Early diagnosis of diabetic cognitive impairment (DCI) and investigation of effective medicines are significant to prevent or delay the occurrence of irreversible dementia. Objectives: In this study, proteomics was applied to investigate the changes of hippocampal proteins after administration of Panax quinquefolius-Acorus gramineus (PQ-AG) to DCI rats, with a view to discover the differentially expressed proteins of PQ-AG action and elucidated the potential biological relationships. Methods: The model and PQ-AG group rats were injected intraperitoneally with streptozotocin, and the PQ-AG group rats were continuously administered with PQ-AG. Social interaction and Morris water maze were performed to evaluate the behavior of rats on the 17th week after the model was established, and DCI rats were screened out from the model group by a screening approach. The hippocampal protein differences were investigated with proteomics in DCI and PQ-AG-treated rats. Results: The learning and memory abilities and contact duration of DCI rats were improved after 16 weeks of PQ-AG administration. Altogether, 9 and 17 differentially expressed proteins were observed in control versus DCI rats and in DCI versus PQ-AG-treated rats, respectively. Three proteins were confirmed with western blotting analyses. These proteins were mainly involved in the pathways of JAK-STAT, apoptosis, PI3K/AKT, fork-head box protein O3, fructose, and mannose metabolism. Conclusions: This suggested that PQ-AG ameliorated cognitive impairment of diabetic rats by influencing the above pathways and providing an experimental basis for the mechanism of DCI and PQ-AG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was designed to evaluate the cardioprotective potential of water extract of rhizomes of Acorus gramineus (AGR) against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction. Male pigs were orally administered with 250 or 500 mg/kg of AGR or with vehicle for 9 days, with concurrent subcutaneous injections of ISO on the 8th and 9th day. Administration of AGR significantly ameliorated ISO-induced cardiac dysfunctions as evidenced by the ventricular ST-segment interval and R-amplitude as well as the left ventricle fractional shortening and ejection fraction. Additionally, administration of AGR significantly attenuated increased cardiac injury markers, such as cardiac troponin T, tumor necrosis factor-α, and myeloperoxidase activity, and cardiac marker enzymes, and prevented the depletion of antioxidant parameters. Malondialdehyde formation was also inhibited by AGR. Based on the results, it is concluded that AGR possesses significant cardioprotective potential and may serve as an adjunct in the treatment and prophylaxis of myocardial infarction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purification of a MeOH extract from the rhizome of Acorus gramineus (Araceae) using column chromatography furnished two new stereoisomers of phenylpropanoid, acoraminol A ( 1) and acoraimol B ( 2). It also furnished 17 known phenolic compounds, β-asarone ( 3), asaraldehyde ( 4), isoacoramone ( 5), propioveratrone ( 6), (1′ R,2′ S)-1′,2′-dihydroxyasarone ( 7), (1′ S,2′ S)-1′,2′-dihydroxyasarone ( 8), 3′,4′-dimethoxycinnamyl alcohol ( 9), 3′,4′,5′-trimethoxycinnamyl alcohol ( 10), kaempferol 3-methyl ether ( 11), 2-[4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]-1,3-propanediol ( 12), hydroxytyrosol ( 13), tyrosol ( 14), (2 S,5 S)-diveratryl-(3 R,4 S)-dimethyltetrahydrofuran ( 15), (7 S,8 R)-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol ( 16), 7 S,8 S- threo-4,7,9,9′-tetrahydroxy-3,3′-dimethoxy-8- O-4′-neolignan ( 17), 7 S,8 R- erythro-4,7,9,9′-tetrahydroxy-3,3′-dimethoxy-8- O-4′-neolignan ( 18), and dihydroyashsbushiketol ( 19). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic data including 1D and 2D NMR data. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined using the convenient Mosher ester procedure. Compounds 5-19 were isolated for the first time from this plant source. The isolated compounds were tested for cytotoxicity against four human tumor cell lines in vitro using a Sulforhodamine B (SRB) bioassay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hexane fractions from methanolic extracts of Anetheum graveolens L. (Umbelliferae) and Acorus gramineus Soland. (Araceae) revealed potent inhibitory activities against the resistance of multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus SA2 when combined with ampicillin (Am) or chloramphenicol (Cm). As active principles, carvone and the liquid mixture containing carvone from Anetheum graveolens L. and a liquid mixture mainly consisting of benzoic acid phenylmethyl ester (benzyl benzoate) from Acorus gramineus Soland. were identified. They showed resistance inhibition at the level of 20–50 μg/ml when combined with 100 or 50 μg/ml of Am or Cm, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]