1. The association between maternal hepatitis B e antigen status, as a proxy for perinatal transmission, and the risk of hepatitis B e antigenaemia in Gambian children
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Maimuna Mendy, Christian Bottomley, Ramou Njie, Yusuke Shimakawa, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia (MRC), Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology [London] (IDE), Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health [London], London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM)-London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Gambia Hepatitis Intervention Study, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia (MRC)-International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Centre International de Recherche contre le Cancer - International Agency for Research on Cancer (CIRC - IARC), Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), The authors would thank the Gambia Government, WHO/IARC and MRC which supported the study., and We also thank Prof Andrew Hall, Prof Hilton Whittle and Dr Abdoulie Jack who initiated the study. Finally, we acknowledge all the study participants in this study.
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Male ,HBsAg ,Pediatrics ,MESH: Hepatitis B, Chronic / transmission ,medicine.disease_cause ,Liver disease ,MESH: Pregnancy ,Pregnancy ,MESH: Child ,MESH: Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / blood ,Epidemiology ,Prevalence ,Vertical ,Young adult ,Child ,education.field_of_study ,MESH: Middle Aged ,MESH: Infant, Newborn ,MESH: Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ,virus diseases ,Middle Aged ,Hepatitis B ,MESH: Hepatitis B e Antigens / blood ,MESH: Infant ,HBeAg ,MESH: Young Adult ,Child, Preschool ,Population Surveillance ,Infectious disease transmission ,Female ,Gambia ,Age factors ,Research Article ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,MESH: Gambia / epidemiology ,Adolescent ,Population ,Mothers ,MESH: Mothers ,MESH: Population Surveillance ,Hepatitis B e antigens ,Young Adult ,Hepatitis B, Chronic ,medicine ,Humans ,education ,MESH: Prevalence ,Hepatitis B virus ,MESH: Adolescent ,MESH: Age Factors ,Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ,MESH: Humans ,business.industry ,MESH: Child, Preschool ,Infant, Newborn ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Infant ,MESH: Adult ,MESH: Hepatitis B, Chronic / epidemiology ,medicine.disease ,Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ,MESH: Male ,digestive system diseases ,Immunology ,Africa ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,business ,MESH: Female - Abstract
International audience; Background: Early age at infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) increases the risk of chronic HBV infection. In addition early age at infection may further increase the risk of persistent viral replication beyond its effect on chronicity. The effects of perinatal and early postnatal transmission on the risk of prolonged hepatitis B e antigenaemia in children with chronic HBV infection are not well documented in Africa. We examine these associations using maternal HBV sero-status and the number of HBV-positive older siblings as proxy measures for perinatal and early postnatal transmission, respectively.Methods: Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive mothers were identified in six population-based HBV sero-surveys conducted in The Gambia between 1986 and 1990. For every HBeAg-positive mother, a hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive HBeAg-negative mother and HBsAg-negative mother were randomly selected from the population surveyed. These mothers and their family members were tested for HBV sero-markers in a subsequent survey conducted between 1991 and 1993.Results: Thirty-eight HBeAg positive mothers and the same number of HBsAg-positive HBeAg-negative mothers and HBsAg-negative mothers participated in the study. Sixty-nine percent of their children also participated. There was a non-significant positive association between HBeAg prevalence in children and the number of HBeAg-positive older siblings (64.1%, 69.2% and 83.3% in children with 0, 1 and ≥2 HBeAg-positive older siblings, respectively). After adjusting for confounders, having an HBeAg-positive mother was a risk factor for HBeAg positivity in children carrying HBsAg (adjusted OR 4.5, 95% CI: 1.0-19.5, p = 0.04), whilst the number of HBeAg-positive older siblings was not.Conclusions: Maternal HBeAg was associated with positive HBeAg in children with chronic HBV infection. This suggests that interrupting mother-to-infant transmission in sub-Saharan Africa might help reduce the burden of liver disease. A timely dose of HBV vaccine within 24 hours of birth, as recommended by WHO, should be implemented in sub-Saharan Africa.
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