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Spent coffee grounds is considered as one of the most common biomass waste globally. The sources of spent coffee grounds being classified as domestic, commercial and industrial. Currently, landfills are the unsuitable destination for the majority of the produced spent coffee grounds and this permits anaerobic breakdown of spent coffee grounds, which produces and releases strong greenhouse gases as a result. Consequently, a wide range of potential uses for discarded coffee grounds and their by-products are being investigated by researchers worldwide, including biofuels, adsorbent, catalysts, cosmetics, composite materials, feed and many more. Spent coffee grounds are rich in carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and minerals. As a result, research focus is on using it in a variety of applications. The review adopts a whole system to summarize up to date knowledge of different methods of thermal breakdown of spent coffee grounds for producing verities of valuable products. Essential processes under this study included, comparative analysis of various thermal decompositions methods, material's behavior and characteristics evaluation based on thermal treatment and its respective applications, which have often been overlooked in prior reviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The symmetries of the gravitational scattering are intimately tied to the symmetries which preserve asymptotic flatness at null infinity. In Penrose’s definition of asymptotic flatness, a central role is played by the notion of asymptotic simplicity and the ensuing peeling behavior which dictates the decay rate of the Weyl tensor. However, there is now accumulating evidence that in a generic gravitational scattering the peeling property is broken, so that the spacetime is not asymptotically-flat in the usual sense. These obstructions to peeling can be traced back to the existence of universal radiative low frequency observables called “tails to the displacement memory”. As shown by Saha, Sahoo and Sen, these observables are uniquely fixed by the initial and final momenta of the scattering objects, and are independent of the details of the scattering. The universality of these tail modes is the statement of the classical logarithmic soft graviton theorem. Four-dimensional gravitation scattering therefore exhibits a rich infrared interplay between tail to the memory, loss of peeling, and universal logarithmic soft theorems. In this paper we study the solution space and the asymptotic symmetries for logarithmically-asymptotically-flat spacetimes. These are defined by a polyhomogeneous expansion of the Bondi metric which gives rise to a loss of peeling, and represent the classical arena which can accommodate a generic gravitational scattering containing tails to the memory. We show that while the codimension-two generalized BMS charges are sensitive to the loss of peeling at I +, the flux is insensitive to the fate of peeling. Due to the tail to the memory, the soft superrotation flux contains a logarithmic divergence whose coefficient is the quantity which is conserved in the scattering by virtue of the logarithmic soft theorem. In our analysis we also exhibit new logarithmic evolution equations and flux-balance laws, whose presence suggests the existence of an infinite tower of subleading logarithmic soft graviton theorems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transformation of residual agricultural solid waste into an efficient value-added carbon product has been an ongoing strategy for solid waste management and a sustainable economy. Meanwhile, the upsurgence of antibiotic contamination in water bodies due to their inadvertent use poses a serious threat to human health and leads to antimicrobial resistance. Hence, to neutralize two evils in one stroke simultaneously, a simple, easy, and cost-effective pea shell–based magnetic photocatalyst (PSMC) has been synthesized and characterized by XRD (X-ray diffraction), VSM (vibrating sample magnetometer), XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), TGA (thermogravimetric analysis), and FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared) spectroscopy techniques. Batch experimental studies revealed that PSMC efficiently eliminates norfloxacin (91.3%) within 180 min from wastewater and mineralizes it into innocuous products at optimum parameters of norfloxacin concentration of 20 mg/L, catalyst dosage of 15 mg, and pH 3.5. Additionally, statistical parameters for the photodegradation of NX obtained from ANOVA by applying the Box-Behnken design are in close agreement with batch experiment parameters. PSMC has surplus advantages of facile recovery for recycling up to seven consecutive cycles by an external magnet and efficacy in natural solar light, making it cost-effective and economical. Radical scavenging studies revealed that O2•– and OH• were the potent reactive species in the photocatalytic degradation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The leading cause of death worldwide is cancer. Although there are various therapies available to treat cancer, finding a successful one can be like searching for a needle in a haystack. Immunotherapy appears to be one of those needles in the haystack of cancer treatment. Immunotherapeutic agents enhance the immune response of the patient's body to tumor cells. One of the immunotherapeutic targets, Cluster of Differentiation 47 (CD47), releases the "don't eat me" signal when it binds to its receptor, Signal Regulatory Protein (SIRPα). Tumor cells use this signal to circumvent the immune system, rendering it ineffective. To stop tumor cells from releasing the "don't eat me" signal, the CD47–SIRPα interaction is specifically targeted in this study. To do so, in silico peptides were designed based on the structural analysis of the interaction between two proteins using point mutations on the interacting residues with the other amino acids. The peptide library was designed and docked on SIRPα using computational tools. Later on, after analyzing the docked complex, the best of them was selected for MD simulation studies of 100 ns. Further analysis after MD studies was carried out to determine the possible potential anti-SIRPα peptides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gas flow through layers of porous materials plays a crucial role in technical applications, geology, petrochemistry, and space sciences (e.g., fuel cells, catalysis, shale gas production, and outgassing of volatiles from comets). In many applications the Knudsen regime is predominant, where the pore size is small compared to the mean free path between intermolecular collisions. In this context common parameters to describe the gas percolation through layers of porous media are the probability of gas molecule transmission and the Knudsen diffusion coefficient of the medium. We show how probabilistic considerations on layer partitions lead to the analytical description of the permeability of a porous medium to gas flow as a function of layer thickness. The derivations are made on the preconditions that the molecule reflection at pore surfaces is diffuse and that the pore structure is homogenous on a scale much larger than the pore size. By applying a bi-hemispherical Maxwell distribution, relations between the layer transmission probability, the half-transmission thickness, and the Knudsen diffusion coefficient are obtained. For packings of spheres, expressions of these parameters in terms of porosity and grain size are derived and compared with former standard models. A verification of the derived equations is given by means of numerical simulations, also providing evidence that our analytical model for sphere packing is more accurate than the former classical models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gibbs sampling, also known as Coordinate Hit-and-Run (CHAR), is a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm for sampling from high-dimensional distributions. In each step, the algorithm selects a random coordinate and re-samples that coordinate from the distribution induced by fixing all the other coordinates. While this algorithm has become widely used over the past half-century, guarantees of efficient convergence have been elusive. We show that the Coordinate Hit-and-Run algorithm for sampling from a convex body K in R n mixes in O ∗ (n 9 R 2 / r 2) steps, where K contains a ball of radius r and R is the average distance of a point of K from its centroid. We also give an upper bound on the conductance of Coordinate Hit-and-Run, showing that it is strictly worse than Hit-and-Run or the Ball Walk in the worst case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this note, we investigate the implications of classical soft theorems for the formalism developed by Kosower, Maybee and O’Connell (KMOC) to derive classical observables in gauge theory and gravity from scattering amplitudes. In particular, we show that the radiative electro-magnetic field at leading order in the soft expansion imposes an infinite hierarchy of constraints on the expectation value of the family of observables generated by monomials of linear impulse. We perform an explicit check on these constraints at next to leading order (NLO) in the coupling and as a corollary show how up to NLO, soft radiation obtained from quantum amplitudes is consistent with the (leading) classical soft photon theorem. We also argue that in 4 dimensions the classical log soft theorem derived by Saha, Sahoo and Sen generates an infinite hierarchy of constraints on the expectation value of operators which are products of one angular momentum and an arbitrary number of linear momenta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Ayurvedic system, a traditional medicinal system has mentioned a preparation Bruhat Vata Chintamani Rasa (Suvarnayukta) for management of heart diseases. Hrudroga Chintamani Rasa (HCR) is a formulation containing Bruhat Vata Chintamani Rasa and a few additional ingredients having beneficial effects in heart diseases. The present study was designed to investigate the cardioprotective activity of the Hrudroga Chintamani Rasa in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction in rats. Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were treated with HCR at a dose of 56.16 and 112.32 mg/kg for 30 days. Animals received ISO (85 mg/kg. s.c.) on 28th and 29th day at an interval of 24 h. Result: Disease control animals treated with HCR at a dose of 56.16 mg/kg and 112.32 mg/kg to rats showed a significant reduction in elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine phosphokinase MB (CK-MB), and prevented loss of depleted antioxidant enzymes from the cardiac tissue. ISO-altered electrocardiogram pattern and haemodynamic parameters were also brought about to normal by treatment with HCR. HCR treatment also improved the levels of 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) which have potent role in antioxidant defence mechanism. Histopathological findings also showed HCR treatment prevented cardiac tissue from damage. Conclusion: HCR treatment showed a significant cardioprotective effect in ISO-induced cardiotoxicity in rats probably because of the potent antioxidant activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The latest threat to global health is the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. To prevent COVID-19, recognizing and isolating the infected patients is an essential step. The primary diagnosis method is Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) test. However, the sensitivity of this test is not satisfactory to successfully control the COVID-19 outbreak. Although there exist many datasets of chest X-rays (CXR) images, but few COVID-19 CXRs are presently accessible owing to privacy of patients. Thus, many researchers have utilized data augmentation techniques to augment the datasets. But, it may cause over-fitting issues, as the existing data augmentation techniques include small modifications to CXRs. Therefore, in this paper, an efficient deep convolutional generative adversarial network and convolutional neural network (DGCNN) is designed to diagnose COVID-19 suspected subjects. Deep convolutional generative adversarial network (DGAN) consists of two networks trained adversarially such that one generates fake images and the other differentiates between them. Thereafter, convolutional neural network (CNN) is utilized for classification purpose. Extensive experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed DGCNN. Performance analysis demonstrates that DGCNN can highly improves the diagnosis performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sunlight active blue emissive zirconium, nitrogen, and sulfur co-doped carbon dots (Zr-N-S-CDs) have been synthesized by microwave-induced pyrolysis for achieving efficient photocatalytic degradation of pollutant malachite green dye (MG) in water. Surface morphology studies using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy confirmed the formation of spherical-shaped CDs with an absorbance peak at 350 nm and emission peak at 437 nm in UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, respectively. Surface functional groups, elemental composition, and metal/non-metal co-doping were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. To understand the photocatalytic performance of Zr-N-S-CDs, various parameters, such as the source of energy, concentration of dye, catalyst dosage, and change in pH, were investigated. MG dye (20 ppm) at a pH 7 with 0.5 mg/mL of Zr-N-S-CDs could be photodegraded efficiently in 90 min under sunlight (99%) compared to dark and artificial light conditions. Moreover, real-time analysis of degradation rate could be conveniently calculated by integrating the colorimetric responses of MG dye with RGB values obtained by the "Color Picker" app of a smartphone. The degradation rate obtained using a smartphone (97.89%) was found to be in agreement with the UV–vis spectroscopy (99%), thus, providing a new, handy, and instrument-free route for speedy and quantitative estimation of the degradation of hazardous MG dye by Zr-N-S-CDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reactive oxygen species via NADPH oxidase (NOX) activation are involved in the pathogenesis of many disease conditions such as diabetes and its complications. In the present study, we have examined the effect of daidzein in the management of diabetic cystopathy. Diabetes was induced in male Sprague Dawley rats via intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at a dose of 55 mg/kg. After 6 weeks of diabetes induction, animals were treated with daidzein orally at a dose of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg for 4 weeks. Diabetic animals showed increase (p < 0.001) in bladder capacity (4.32 ± 0.43 mL) and residual volume (2.53 ± 0.19 mL) when compared with normal control animals (2.10 ± 0.40 mL and 0.51 ± 0.12 mL res). Treatment with daidzein at dose of 50 and 100 mg/kg significantly reduced the elevated bladder capacity (2.91 ± 0.11 mL, p < 0.01 and 2.65 ± 1.13 mL, p < 0.001) and residual volume (1.40 ± 0.15 mL, p < 0.001 and 1.15 ± 0.05 mL, p < 0.001). Daidzein-treated animals also showed improvement in voiding efficiency. Elevated threshold and baseline pressure were also found to be reduced in diabetic animals after 4 weeks of daidzein treatment. Daidzein treatment also prevented the loss of antioxidant enzymes in the urinary bladder and also reduced the expression of NOX-4 and RAC-1 in the bladder. From the results, it can be concluded that daidzein showed a beneficial effect on urinary bladder dysfunction in diabetic animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Classifying consistent effective field theories for the gravitational interaction has recently been the subject of intense research. Demanding the absence of causality violation in high energy graviton scattering processes has led to a hierarchy of constraints on higher derivative terms in the Lagrangian. Most of these constraints have relied on analysis that is performed in general relativistic backgrounds, as opposed to a generic solution to the equations of motion which are perturbed by higher curvature operators. Hence, these constraints are necessary but may not be sufficient to ensure that the theory is consistent. In this context, we explore the so-called CEMZ causality constraints on Quadratic Gravity in a space of shock wave solutions beyond GR. We show that the Shapiro time delay experienced by a graviton is polarization-independent and positive, regardless of the strength of the gravitational couplings. Our analysis shows that as far as the causality constraints are concerned, albeit inequivalent to General Relativity due to additional propagating modes, Quadratic Gravity is causal as per as the diagnostic proposed by CEMZ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building on the seminal work of Arkani-Hamed, He, Salvatori and Thomas (AHST) [1] we explore the positive geometry encoding one loop scattering amplitude for quartic scalar interactions. We define a new class of combinatorial polytopes that we call pseudo-accordiohedra whose poset structures are associated to singularities of the one loop integrand associated to scalar quartic interactions. Pseudo-accordiohedra parametrize a family of projective forms on the abstract kinematic space defined by AHST and restriction of these forms to the type-D associahedra can be associated to one-loop integrands for quartic interactions. The restriction (of the projective form) can also be thought of as a canonical top form on certain geometric realisations of pseudo-accordiohedra. Our work explores a large class of geometric realisations of the type-D associahedra which include all the AHST realisations. These realisations are based on the pseudo-triangulation model for type-D cluster algebras discovered by Ceballos and Pilaud [2]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a correction notice for an article titled "Daidzein attenuates urinary bladder dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats by NOX-4 and RAC-1 inhibition" published in Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology. The correction notice states that there was a small error in figure 8 of the original article, where two subpanels were mistakenly identical. The authors apologize for the error and provide the corrected figure 8. They assure that this correction does not change the study's conclusion. The document also includes a note from the publisher stating their neutrality regarding jurisdictional claims and institutional affiliations. [Extracted from the article]

Background: All burr robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty (R-TKA) is the new way of doing TKA without conventional jigs and saw. The aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of limb alignment and component placement after R-TKA. Methods and Materials: This is the prospective study of 63 patients who underwent R-TKA between March and October 2019. Standing scanogram and AP/lateral radiograph were done on day of discharge, 5th day after surgery to calculate limb alignment and component placement angles in coronal and sagittal plane. Deformity correction Bone Ninja software had been used to calculate all this angles. Results: Mean difference between robotic achieved and postoperative limb alignment was 1.24°. Mean difference between planned and achieved component placement in coronal and sagittal plane for tibia was 0.33° and 0.66° and for femur was 0.62° and 0.30°, respectively. Posterior condylar offset difference was 0.03. As per planned by Navio software, R-TKA had reduced the overall outlier of coronal limb alignment from 3° to less than 1.2° and component placement malposition to less than 1° in coronal and sagittal plane. Conclusion: R-TKA provides near perfect limb alignment and near accurate femoral/tibial component placement as planned in both coronal and sagittal plane. Posterior condylar offset was also perfectly maintained. R-TKA had reduced the overall outlier of coronal limb alignment from 3° to less than 1.2° and component placement malposition to less than 1° in coronal and sagittal plane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We apply the recently developed formalism by Kosower, Maybee and O'Connell (KMOC) [12] to analyse the soft electromagnetic and soft gravitational radiation emitted by particles without spin in D ≥ 4 dimensions. We use this formalism in conjunction with quantum soft theorems to derive radiative electro-magnetic and gravitational fields in low frequency expansion and upto next to leading order in the coupling. We show that in all dimensions, the classical limit of sub-leading soft (photon and graviton) theorems is consistent with the classical soft theorems proved by Sen et al. in a series of papers. In particular in [11] Saha, Sahoo and Sen proved classical soft theorems for electro-magnetic and gravitational radiation in D = 4 dimensions. For the class of scattering processes that can be analyzed using KMOC formalism, we show that the classical limit of quantum soft theorems is consistent with the D = 4 classical soft theorems, paving the way for their proof from scattering amplitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tubulocystic renal cell carcinoma is a uncommon neoplasm with unique pathological features and indolent clinical behaviour. We are reporting a case of tubulocystic renal cell carcinoma in young adult managed by partial nephrectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aims of our study were to see outcomes of limited core biopsy and compare its outcomes with standard 12-core biopsy in patients with PSA more than 50 ng/dL. We did a retrospective analysis of 149 patients undergoing prostatic biopsy with PSA more than 50 ng/dL between January 2014 and December 2018. Out of 149 patients, 49 underwent limited core (2 to 6 cores) TRUS biopsy with no systemic 12-core biopsy. Other 100 patients underwent standard 12-core biopsy under TRUS guidance. Total of 149 patient's records were analyzed and were included in the final analysis. There was no significant difference in demographics and prostate-specific antigen among the cohorts. All 49 patients in limited core TRUS biopsy had a positive biopsy with no need of re-biopsy. Fourteen out of 100 patients in TRUS biopsy had a negative biopsy. All 14 patients with negative biopsy had an average follow-up of 3.8 years with no conversion to positive biopsy. Patients with PSA more than 50 ng/dL and high clinical suspicion of prostate cancer can undergo limited core biopsy without systemic 12-core biopsy. In patients with no clinical evidence of prostate cancer, 12-core biopsy remains the gold standard for evaluation of prostate cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In [1], two of the present authors along with P. Raman attempted to extend the Amplituhedron program for scalar field theories [2] to quartic scalar interactions. In this paper we develop various aspects of this proposal. Using recent seminal results in Representation theory [3, 4], we show that projectivity of scattering forms and existence of kinematic space associahedron completely capture planar amplitudes of quartic interaction. We generalise the results of [1] and show that for any n-particle amplitude, the positive geometry associated to the projective scattering form is a convex realisation of Stokes polytope which can be naturally embedded inside one of the ABHY associahedra defined in [2, 5]. For a special class of Stokes polytopes with hyper-cubic topology, we show that they have a canonical convex realisation in kinematic space as boundaries of kinematic space associahedra. We then use these kinematic space geometric constructions to write world-sheet forms for 𝜙4 theory which are forms of lower rank on the CHY moduli space. We argue that just as in the case of bi-adjoint 𝜙3 scalar amplitudes, scattering equations can be used as diffeomorphisms between certain n − 4 2 forms on the world-sheet and n − 4 2 forms on ABHY associahedron that generate quartic amplitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents one of the most lethal cancers worldwide due to therapy resistance and disease recurrence. Tumor relapse following treatment could be driven by the persistence of liver cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). The protein BMI1 is a member of the polycomb epigenetic factors governing cellular self-renewal, proliferation, and stemness maintenance. BMI1 expression also correlates with poor patient survival in various cancer types.Objective: We aimed to elucidate the extent to which BMI1 can be used as a potential therapeutic target for CSC eradication in HCC.Methods: We have recently participated in characterizing the first known pharmacological small molecule inhibitor of BMI1. Here, we synthesized a panel of novel BMI1 inhibitors and examined their ability to alter cellular growth and eliminate cancer progenitor/stem-like cells in HCC with different p53 backgrounds.Results: Among various molecules examined, RU-A1 particularly downregulated BMI1 expression, impaired cell viability, reduced cell migration, and sensitized HCC cells to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in vitro. Notably, long-term analysis of HCC survival showed that, unlike chemotherapy, RU-A1 effectively reduced CSC content, even as monotherapy. BMI1 inhibition with RU-A1 diminished the number of stem-like cells in vitro more efficiently than the model compound C-209, as demonstrated by clonogenic assays and impairment of CSC marker expression. Furthermore, xenograft assays in zebrafish showed that RU-A1 abrogated tumor growth in vivo.Conclusions: This study demonstrates the ability to identify agents with the propensity for targeting CSCs in HCC that could be explored as novel treatments in the clinical setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we are reporting a facile route to synthesize magnetically separable copper loaded L-DOPA functionalized magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4-DOPA-CuNPs), which are well characterized by FT-IR, PXRD, SEM, EDAX, HRTEM, XPS, TGA and VSM techniques. This single catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic activity towards (i) synthesis of DHPMs via Biginelli reaction (ii) synthesis of imidazoles (iii) synthesis of 2-amino-4H-chromenes (iv) 1,2,3-triazole derivatives by 'Click reaction' under microwave irradiation (MWI). Interestingly it can be easily recovered and reused for subsequent cycles for above mentioned four important multicomponent reactions without any significant decrease in its catalytic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lysov, Pasterski and Strominger have shown how Low's subleading soft photon theorem can be understood as Ward identities of new symmetries of massless QED. In this paper we offer a different perspective and show that there exists a class of large U(1) gauge transformations such that (i) the associated (electric and magnetic) charges can be computed from first principles, (ii) their Ward identities are equivalent to Low's theorem. Our framework paves the way to analyze the sub-subleading theorem in gravity in terms of Ward identities associated to large diffeomorphisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A variety of materials are used in the Oil & Gas industry ranging from carbon steel, stainless steel to nickel alloys, etc. including non-metallic materials as well. Amongst these, carbon steel is the industry favorite because of many of its desirable attributes like machinability, weldability, availability, and cost. Wide use of carbon steel in the industry is also due to the presence of required properties for the specific application. In spite of carbon steel's wide uses, poor workmanship, improper heat treatment, or negligent manufacturing processes can reduce its service life and also can lead to unexpected failures. One such failure case involves carbon steel plate meant for construction of a tank that failed by cracking immediately after the welding operation. A detailed investigation was carried out by means of visual examination, metallographic and chemical analysis, SEM, and EDAX analysis. Microstructure revealed banded pearlitic structure along with a number of inclusions, a few of which were elongated. In conclusion, stresses due to weld joint restraint, elongated inclusions, and high transverse direction stresses after welding resulted in lamellar tearing which propagated in the linear direction along the weld line. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study on the lupane analogue from the Pithecellobium (P.) dulce bark and the potential antidiabetic activity from the in vitro α-glucosidae and α-amylase enzyme inhibition assay. Topics discussed include the isolation of the triperpenoids and the long-chain hydrocarbon compounds from the P. dulce bark, the use of the silica gel column chromatography for the plant extracts, and the elution of the petroleum ether column.

The original article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-022-01012-4. B Correction to: Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders b https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-022-01012-4 In the original publication of the article, the affiliation of all the authors "Ankit P. Laddha", "Mukesh B. Chawda and Yogesh A. Kulkarni" has been processed incorrectly. [Extracted from the article]

Liposarcoma (LPS) is a type of soft tissue sarcoma that mostly occurs in adults, and in humans is characterized by amplifications of MDM2 and CDK4. The molecular pathogenesis of this malignancy is still poorly understood and, therefore, we developed a mouse model with conditional inactivation of PTEN and p53 to investigate these pathways in the progression of the disease. We show that deletion of these two tumor suppressors cooperate in the formation of multiple subtypes of LPS (from well-differentiated LPS to pleomorphic LPS). In addition, progression of the tumors is further characterized by the expression of D cyclins and CDK4/6, which allow for continued cell division. Microarray analysis also revealed novel genes that are differentially expressed between different subtypes of LPS, which could aid in understanding the disease and to unravel potential new therapeutic targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rheum emodi is principally known to consist 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinones (DHAQs) that find immense use in the chemical, pharmaceutical, cosmetic industries and in herbal medication and food sector. The aim of this study was to compare non-conventional and classical methods for extraction of anthraquinones from R. emodi. Optimisation of the extraction parameters for various methods was done and their extraction efficiency was evaluated. In preliminary screening experiments, choice of solvent and solid : solvent ratio was optimised. Comparison of extraction efficiency for classical methods like maceration, heat-reflux, soxhletion and non-conventional methods like ultra-sonication and sublimation was done for five DHAQs - aloe emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion using HPLC-UV and fluorescence detection in native and acid hydrolysed samples. It was observed that ethanol was the best solvent for extraction of anthraquinones with a solid : solvent ratio of 1:20. A prior acid hydrolysis led to significant increase in anthraquinone extraction. Among the extraction methods heat reflux for 45 min was the most prominent extraction method with highest recovery of the DHAQs. In ultrasonic assisted extraction, an increase in the anthraquinone extraction was seen till 45 min after which the concentration declined. A novel, solvent-free, green and selective method of extraction by sublimation was found to be effective for extraction of anthraquinones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The surge of interest in naturally occurring phytochemicals with high therapeutic potential has led to the discovery of many molecules, out of which naturally occuring coumarins such as marmelosin, umbelliferone and scopoletin present in Aegle marmelos (Bael) fruit shows good therapeutic potential. The aim of the present work is to develop and validate Reverse Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for simultaneous determination of marmelosin, umbelliferone and scopoletin in A. marmelos fruit extracts. The chromatographic separation was performed with isocratic elution of 55:45 (%, v/ v) methanol-water containing 0.1 % acetic acid as mobile phase. The method used to analyse the extract of A. marmelos showed good resolution with retention time within 12 min. The relative concentrations of above phytoconstituent were determined in A. marmelos fruits. The method was found to give compact peaks for scopoletin, umbelliferone and marmelosin (R of 4.6, 6.5 and 11.3 min respectively) and were linear over the range 5-30 μg ml (R = 0.9655), 2-10 μg ml (R = 0.9964) and 2-10 μg ml (R = 0.9862) respectively. The mean recoveries for marmelosin, umbelliferone and scopoletin at three concentrations were in the range of 98.8-102.9, 98.8-101.1 and 94.2-98.3 % respectively. The relative standard deviation of accuracy, precision and repeatability were within 2 %, indicating the method produced highly reproducible results. Therefore this simple, precise and accurate method enables simultaneous separation of this phytoconstituent and hence can be successfully applied in analysis and routine quality control of herbal material and formulation containing A. marmelos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tacrolimus ointment being occlusive is known to give higher dermal penetration but offers limited patient acceptance in treatment of atopic dermatitis, especially in tropical countries. Hence, the aim of this study was to develop, characterize, and evaluate a microemulsion-based cream formulation of tacrolimus against ointment in hapten-induced murine model of dermatitis. Tacrolimus-loaded microemulsion having mean globule size below 25 nm was mixed with cetomacrogol cream base. The microemulsion-based cream exhibited a significantly faster drug release through semipermeable cellulose acetate membrane in comparison to commercially available ointment. The drug retention in rodent and human cadaver skin with cream was almost twofold greater in comparison to the commercially available ointment. Further, in vivo evaluation using a fluorescent marker revealed a greater and deeper accumulation of marker in skin with cream. In vivo studies in mice revealed a prompt and significant reduction in ear swelling. The reduction in inflammatory cytokine gene expression as evaluated by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was also significantly higher with cream. The better efficacy of cream was reflected in histopathology as well as in morphological observations at the site of application. Thus, microemulsion-based cream presents a possibility of development of an efficacious cream vehicle and a scope for dose reduction which needs to be confirmed in clinical studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two series of 6,8-disubstituted-2-phenyl-3-(substituted benzothiazole-2-yl)-4[3 H]-quinazolinone ( 1–13 and 14–26) were synthesized by reported method and evaluated for their phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity. All test compounds exhibited good activity. The structure–activity relationships based on the results obtained for these series were also studied. In both series, electron-withdrawing substitutions showed more activity. Among the tested compounds 6,8-dibromo-2-phenyl-3-(5-chloro benzothiazole-2-yl)-4[3 H]-quinazolinone ( 20) and 6,8-dibromo-2-phenyl-3-(6-nitro benzothiazole-2-yl)-4[3 H]-quinazolinone ( 24) were found to be even more potent than theophylline (IC50 of 1438 ± 85 μM for 20 and 1520 ± 48 μM for 24). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the triterpenoid and coumarins that could be found from Pithecellobium dulce. Topics covered include the distribution and prevalence of the plant in the different areas of India. Also mentioned are the different names for the plant such as Madras thorn, Mithi imli and Vilayti chinch.

A high damping Cu-Mn alloy with a nominal composition of 48Cu-48Mn-1.5Al-0.27Si-0.072Sn-0.028C-0.05Er (all compositions in wt pct) was studied to determine the mechanism of the loss of damping capacity during room-temperature storage. In this study, it was found that an Er-modified alloy sample that was artificially aged for 16 hours at 400 °C was stable even after 68 weeks of room-temperature storage. However, a loss of damping capacity was exhibited in the same material when aged to produce an underaged or peakaged condition. The decrease in damping capacity was found to be thermally activated with at least three relaxation processes. Each of the three relaxation processes appear to be related to the diffusion of carbon within the Mn-rich regions and a single activation energy of 0.970±0.05 eV was used to model these processes. Rapid loss of damping capacity was observed in the same alloy when doped with excess carbon. After 3 weeks of storage at room temperature, the damping of the carbon-doped material, artificially aged at 400 °C for 4 hours, was reduced to one-third of its initial damping capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Smith-Birchak model for magnetoelastic damping was successfully applied to model the damping observed in an antiferromagnetic Cu-48Mn-1.5Al (wt pct) alloy. Antiferromagnetic domains were developed by solution treatment at 820 ‡C and subsequent aging at 400 ‡C for 4, 10, and 16 hours. Damping capacity and dynamic elastic modulus were measured as a function of strain amplitude and temperature. A maximum in the strain-amplitude-dependent damping was obtained for the 4-hour-aged sample for which a magnetostriction constant, λ, equal to 4.65 × 10, was derived. An exact fit for the Smith-Birchak model was obtained at low strains, whereas the model predicted lower damping than was observed for strains greater than 1.1 × 10. This discrepancy was attributed to an additional damping mechanism at high strain amplitudes, i.e., dislocation damping. A magnetostriction constant equal to 3.23 × 10 was also calculated based upon the Néel temperature and the observed microstructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An attempt has been made in this paper at modelling analogous situations of heat or mass transfer involving single-file drops in liquid-liquid systems. Experimental data on continuous and dispersed phase coefficients have been correlated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stage-wise reaction of titanous chloride with a mixture of dichromate and cupric copper is used as the basis of a rapid method for the determination of the individual components of the mixture cited. Diphenylamine is used as indicator for the first reaction while a few drops of ferrous solution in the presence of excess thiocyanate serve as indicator for the second reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rapid and simple method is described for the determination of chlorate in the presence of a large amount of perchlorate. The solution containing the mixture is acidified with either sulphuric acid or hydrochloric acid and titrated in the presence of sodium bromide directly against titanous chloride using quinoline yellow as indicator near the end point. The limit of uncertainty of the method is 0.361 mg for a sample analysing 52.48 mg of sodium chlorate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been a recent resurgence of interest in the structure of the gravitational field at null infinity, sparked by new results on soft charges and infrared issues related to the S matrix theory in perturbative quantum gravity. We summarize these developments and put them in the broader context of research in the relativity community that dates back to several decades. In keeping with intent of this series, this overview is addressed to gravitational scientists who are not experts in this specific area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The commonly mutated genes in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) are ATRX, DAXX, and MEN1. We genotyped 64 PanNETs and found 58% carry ATRX, DAXX, and MEN1 mutations (A-D-M mutant PanNETs) and this correlates with a worse clinical outcome than tumors carrying the wild-type alleles of all three genes (A-D-M WT PanNETs). We performed RNA sequencing and DNA-methylation analysis to reveal two distinct subgroups with one consisting entirely of A-D-M mutant PanNETs. Two genes differentiating A-D-M mutant from A-D-M WT PanNETs were high ARX and low PDX1 gene expression with PDX1 promoter hyper-methylation in the A-D-M mutant PanNETs. Moreover, A-D-M mutant PanNETs had a gene expression signature related to that of alpha-cells (FDR q-value < 0.009) of pancreatic islets including increased expression of HNF1A and its transcriptional target genes. This gene expression profile suggests that A-D-M mutant PanNETs originate from or transdifferentiate into a distinct cell type similar to alpha cells. In pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) ATRX, DAXX, and MEN1 are commonly mutated (A-D-M mutant PanNETs). Here, the authors find in a cohort of PanNETS 58% are A-D-M mutant PanNETs, with a worse clinical outcome and differences in gene expression and methylation compared to A-D-M wild type cases- these gene expression differences suggest that A-D-M mutant PanNETs potentially originate from a cell type similar to alpha cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been shown that in larger than four space-time dimensions, soft factors that relate the amplitudes with a soft photon or graviton to amplitudes without the soft particle also determine the low frequency radiative part of the electromagnetic and gravitational fields during classical scattering. In four dimensions the S-matrix becomes infrared divergent making the usual definition of the soft factor ambiguous beyond the leading order. However the radiative parts of the electromagnetic and gravitational fields provide an unambiguous definition of soft factor in the classical limit up to the usual gauge ambiguity. We show that the soft factor defined this way develops terms involving logarithm of the energy of the soft particle at the subleading order in the soft expansion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In [1, 2] it was shown that the subleading soft photon theorem in tree level amplitudes in massless QED is equivalent to a new class of symmetries of the theory parameterized by a vector field on the celestial sphere. In this paper, we extend these results to the subleading soft photon theorem in any Effective Field Theory containing photons and an arbitrary spectrum of massless particles. We show that the charges associated to the above class of symmetries are sensitive to certain three point functions of the theory and are corrected by irrelevant operators of specific dimensions. Our analysis shows that the subleading soft photon theorem in any tree level scattering amplitude is a statement about asymptotic symmetries of the S-matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]