Search

Little is known about the impact of environmental pollution on thyroid function in the non-occupationally exposed population of Kazakhstan. This study aimed to investigate serum levels of thyroxine (T4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies in the environmentally exposed population of Kazakhstan in relation to symptoms of anxiety. A total of 1,388 nominally healthy individuals residing in areas exposed to three major types of environmental pollution prevalent in Kazakhstan—non-ferrous metallurgy, condensate gas extraction, and activities of the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site (SNTS)—were enrolled. All comparisons were made with 493 individuals residing in settlements without industrial or military pollution. Serum-free T4, TSH, and anti-TPO levels were tested using a solid-phase chemiluminescent immunoassay. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) inventory was utilized to screen for anxiety symptoms. The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was significantly higher in residents of settlements near the condensate gas field than in control sites (20.3 vs. 15.0%). In comparison, the prevalence of overt hypothyroidism was insignificantly higher (0.7 vs. 0.6%). The prevalence of subclinical hyperthyroidism was insignificantly higher in residents of settlements around the SNTS. The prevalence of overt hyperthyroidism was insignificantly higher in residents of areas proximal to the condensate gas field compared to the controls. The prevalence of both normal and elevated serum levels of anti-TPO antibodies did not differ significantly between different sites. Moderate and severe anxiety symptoms were the least common in residents of the two control sites (5.9%). This study carries potential implications for tailored public health interventions and policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) gene encodes a cell membrane G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) which has a key role in maintaining the extracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. We aimed at correcting the compound heterozygous mutation in the 6th [c.1656delA, p.I554SfsX73] and 7th [c.2217 T > A, p.C739X] exons of the CASR gene which the original patient-derived iPSC line had. The mutation is associated with neonatal severe primary hyperparathyroidism of the patient. We generated and characterized a CRISP/Cas9-edited hiPSC line with the restored sequence in the sixth exon of the CASR gene, bearing only heterozygous mutation in the 7th exon. The results showed that the new genetically modified cell line has karyotype without abnormalities, typical hiPSCs morphology, characteristic expression of pluripotency markers, and ability to develop into three germ layers, and differentiates in chondrogenic, adipogenic, osteogenic directions. This new cell line will complement the existing pool of CaSR-mutated cell lines, a valuable resource for in-depth understanding of neonatal severe primary hyperparathyroidism. This will allow further exploration of the application of pharmacological drugs in the context of personalized medicine to correct Ca-homeostasis disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of satellite altimetry data for monitoring the water level regime of rivers in Arctic regions is limited due to the negative effect of complex fluvial morphology and ice cover on altimetric radar measurements. The generation of time series of river water level consists of two main stages: (1) accurate geographic selection of satellite measurements over the river channel and (2) calculation of the average level for a given date after filtering outliers. This work is based on measurements from the European altimetry satellites Sentinel-3A and Sentinel-3B. The paper proposes a method for detection of aberrant values in altimetric measurements (outliers) acquired over a wide floodplain section of the Kolyma River. The method improved the accuracy of resulting satellite time series of water level by 0.04–1.59 m (or 4–85%) compared to the widely used standard statistical method of altimetric measurement filtering. The suggested method is based on the combination of three algorithms of different complexity: statistical (Mahalanobis distance), clustering (Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN)), and machine learning (Isolating Forest) methods. In the combined approach, values classified as outliers by at least two algorithms were considered as outliers. This approach allowed us to reduce the impact of potential individual shortcomings of each of the three methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a study of the radio and optical properties of the high-frequency peaker (HFP) blazar PKS 1614 051 at based on the data covering the time period of 1997–2024. The radio data are represented by the instantaneous 1–22 GHz measurements from the SAO RAS RATAN-600 radio telescope, the 5 and 8 GHz data from the IAA RAS RT-32 telescopes, and the 37 GHz data from the RT-22 telescope of CrAO RAS. The optical measurements in the band were collected with the SAO RAS 1-m Zeiss-1000 and 0.5-m AS-500/2 telescopes, and the ZTF archive data. We have found low overall variability indices (0.1–0.2) and a median spectral peak at 4.6 GHz, which is stable during the long-term period of monitoring. An analysis of the radio light curves reveals significant time delays (0.6 to 6.4 yrs) between the radio frequencies along with variability timescales ranging from 0.2 to 1.8 yrs in the source's rest frame, which is similar to the blazars at lower redshifts. Spectral modeling suggests the presence of both synchrotron self-absorption (SSA) and free-free absorption (FFA) processes. Based on the SSA model, we provide estimates of the magnetic field strength which peaks at approximately 100 mG. A spectroscopic study with the BTA SCORPIO-1 spectrograph has found evidence of the regular motion of a neutral hydrogen envelope around the blazar center, which confirms the presence of a sufficient amount of gaseous matter to form an external FFA screen. The results highlight the importance of multi-wavelength and long-term monitoring to understand the physical mechanisms driving the variability in high-redshift blazars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A liposomal formulation comprising a combination of hydrophobic nutraceuticals (omega-3 docosahexaenoic polyunsaturated fatty acid (DHA) and one of the most active plant antioxidants, namely clove essential oil (CEO)) was prepared using soy phosphatidylcholine (PC). The impact of DHA and CEO on the microviscosity of the bilayer of PC liposomes was investigated through the use of EPR-spectroscopy. Furthermore, the impact of DHA and CEO on the phase state of the bilayer of model liposomes of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine was investigated through differential scanning calorimetry. A combination of EPR-spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry, was employed to investigate the impact of the encapsulation of liposomes PC−DHA−CEO with a covalent conjugate (C) of sodium caseinate and maltodextrin on the structural state of the bilayer. The structural parameters of a water-soluble supramolecular complex, PC−DHA−CEO−C, formed as a result of the encapsulation process, were also investigated using laser light scattering. These included the molar mass, size, density, architecture and zeta potential of the complex. In addition, the thermodynamic parameters, specifically the osmotic second virial coefficient, were examined. The key structural parameters of this complex have been identified as providing effective protection of PUFAs included in its composition from oxidation by air oxygen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient central to the exchange and storage of energy and information in the cell. Due to its limited bioavailability, P often becomes a limiting nutrient in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems hence the studies of responses to stress caused by P starvation cyanobacteria, the primary producers, are of considerable interest. Indeed, the availability of P is among main factors limiting diazotrophy in cyanobacteria. To gain a deeper understanding of the effect of P starvation on cyanobacteria in non-diazotrophic conditions, we studied a model system of two near—isogenic strains, Nostoc sp. PCC 7120 and Nostoc sp. PCC 7118 differ in their ability to form heterocysts. Specifically, we investigated the differences in the responses of these strains to P starvation by comparing their growth kinetics, photosynthetic pigment content, ultrastructural rearrangements of vegetative cells, and the expression profile of key genes of phosphorus metabolism. The tolerance of PCC 7120 to P starvation was higher than that of PCC 7118, which manifested itself in a higher growth rate, less profound ultrastructural changes (in particular, phycobilisomes as well as polyphosphate reserves were retained in the cells of PCC 7120). At the same time, the accumulation of cyanophycin, a depot of nitrogen and energy, increased several-fold in the cells of both strains during P starvation, but this increase was larger in PCC 7118 cells. Assumably, the increased resilience of the PCC 7120 to P starvation stems from its higher ability to accumulate intracellular reserves of P in the form of polyphosphates. Our findings suggest that the phenotypic differences between the strains Nostoc sp. PCC 7118 and Nostoc sp. PCC 7120 are not limited to the different ability to form heterocysts. A deeper understanding of the drivers of stress response phenotypic diversity in near-isogenic strains would require a comparative analysis of their whole-genome sequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Can the best culture medium be determined by mouse embryo testing? Zygotes/embryos of four different mouse strains: inbred Balb/c (n = 79) and C57Bl/6 (n = 95), F1 hybrid DBA/2*C57Bl/6 (n = 133), and outbred ICR (n = 69) were incubated in vitro in four culture media: 1-Step Culture Medium (VitaVitro), CSC medium (Irvine Scientific), Sage 1-Step medium (Origio), G-TL medium (Vitrolife). The embryos were cultured under standard conditions at atmospheric oxygen: 37℃; 6% CO2, 100% humidity. Standard MEA-test parameters (number of expanded blastocysts on E4.5), as well as additional characteristics (embryo development on E2.5—E4.5, number of hatching and hatched blastocysts on E4.5, embryo arrest and degeneration) were assessed for each of the strain-medium combinations. The results were compared across strains as well as across media. Embryo development depended on both the media and the mouse strain. Embryos from inbred and outbred mice were more sensitive to suboptimal culture conditions compared to the hybrid strain; this was reflected in reduced blastocyst and hatching rates, as well as an increased percentage of arrested and degraded embryos. The choice of optimal media depended strongly on the strain: CSC was better for Balb/c, Sage 1-step for C57Bl/6, while both were preferred for hybrids, and G-TL for outbreds. VitaVitro was quite good for hybrids and performed worse for other strains. Overall, the embryos of each strain behaved differently in different media, and it was not possible to make a real preference for any of them over human embryos based on the results of any single mouse strain. Only a pooled sample of different mouse strains can be used for comprehensive media MEA testing. MEA testing with any strain of mice is doomed to error due to their specific culture requirements. Hybrid mice are too reproductively efficient and cannot be used to distinguish media based on their subtle differences. Outbred and inbred mice are too sensitive and may be delayed or degraded in culture media that is well suited to the requirements of human embryos. Combined analysis of multiple mouse strains should be used to test media more fully and may serve as a model for the heterogeneity of human embryos in IVF clinics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With high-throughput sequencing of the variable region V3–V4 of the 16S rRNA gene, the study of the full phylogenetic composition of microbial communities developed on the surface of titanium plates exposed in the water column of the coastal zone of the Black and White Seas was carried out. The presence of potentially corrosive microorganisms from various physiological groups, such as sulfate-reducing bacteria, acidophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria and archaea, sulfur-oxidizing and nitrifying bacteria, was shown in the fouling. In the fouling of titanium plates exposed in the Black Sea, the most common microorganisms were uncultivated sulfate-reducing bacteria of the order Desulfotomaculales, which accounted for 8.13% of all 16S rRNA gene sequence reads, as well as acidophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria of the genera Acidiferrobacter (5.47%), Acidithiobacillus (4.52%), and Acidiphilium (2.55%). Acidophilic archaea accounted for up to 7.97% of all reads. In the fouling of titanium plates exposed in the White Sea, the most common were also acidophilic bacteria from the orders Acidiferrobacterales and Acidithiobacillales (7.68%), as well as acidophilic archaea from the order Thermoplasmatales (7.43%). Uncultivated sulfate-reducing bacteria of the order Desulfotomaculales were also represented in relatively high numbers (6.61% of all reads). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Late embryonic and early larval development (until first feeding) of Monodactylus argenteus have been studied. The chronology of development and a detailed morphological description of the eggs, embryos, and early larvae are presented. The eggs of M. argenteus were obtained from ichthyoplankton catches from the coastal waters of Central Vietnam and incubated under laboratory conditions at a temperature of about 24°C. The taxonomic identification was performed using the molecular-genetic method of DNA barcoding based on gene cytochrome oxidase 1 subunit (COI) from mitochondrial DNA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel method for detecting life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias using electrocardiograms and artificial intelligence algorithms is proposed. A list of dangerous arrhythmias and their structures was defined, the corresponding database was compiled, and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms was studied. The results obtained here demonstrate the high efficiency of the present approach as compared with previously published approaches. The results reported here may be useful in creating effective algorithmic support for operational analysis of electrocardiograms for heart monitoring systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a significant cause of mortality and is often accompanied by ischemic heart disease (IHD). Insufficient control of IHD in patients with AF can lead to sudden coronary death or myocardial infarction. Despite the availability of various methods and algorithms for ECG analysis, the problem of identifying concomitant pathologies in AF remains relevant. The present article presents an algorithm for detecting episodes of myocardial ischemia in patients with AF, which has proven its effectiveness in improving the accuracy of diagnosis and monitoring of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report addresses the development of a method for constructing a decision tree for the diagnosis of epilepsy in children. A decision tree architecture was proposed and used as the basis for the development and implementation of an algorithm identifying the type of epilepsy in children. Results from experimental testing of this algorithm are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tissue preparations of the pelvic veins obtained during laparoscopy were examined. The expression of markers of proliferation (Ki-67), apoptosis (p53), and angiogenesis (CD31, CD34), as well as estrogen and progesterone receptors in women with pelvic varicose veins was assessed by the immunohistochemical method. A decrease in the median expression of the proliferation marker (Ki-67) and estrogen and progesterone receptors and simultaneous increase in the expression of apoptosis marker (p53) and activation of angiogenesis processes (markers CD31 and CD34) were observed with increasing the severity of the disease. These data extend our understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms of pelvic varicose veins and contribute to the development of methods of pathogenetically based targeted therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The activities of NAD- and NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases (NAD-ICDH and NADP-ICDH), NAD- and NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenases (NAD-GDH and NADP-GDH), and NAD- and NADP-dependent malate dehydrogenases (NAD-MDH and NADP-MDH) in ovarian veins lymphocytes in 183 women of reproductive age with pelvic varicose veins (PVV) and 30 women in the control group were determined. The indicators of intracellular enzymatic activity showed multidirectional changes with increasing severity of the disease. Compared to the control group, women with stage II of PVV had higher median values for lactate dehydrogenase (16.69), NAD-GDH (39.48), NADP-GDH (7.48), NADP-MDH (9.06) and lower values of NAD-ICDH (65.41). Women with stage III of PVV had lower median values for succinate dehydrogenase (9.27), NAD-MDH (26.19), and higher values for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (8.62), lactate dehydrogenase (24.67), NAD-GDH (63.81), NADP-MDH (21.05) compared to the control group. Studying the activity of NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenases in lymphocytes at the local level during PVV allows us to evaluate the intensity and dynamics of local varicose veins progression, as well as to optimize its correction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Specific gabbro with the main rock-forming mineral of fassaite—alumina-rich (up to 12 wt % Al2O3) calcium pyroxene, typical of high-temperature metasomatic rocks, are characterized. In terms of the geochemical characteristics, the fassaite gabbros are close to the subalkaline monzogabbros of the Ust'-Krestovsky complex, which are widely distributed within the Krestovsky subterrane of the Olkhon terrane (Western Baikal region). At the same time, they differ sharply from the latter in having a higher content of CaO and MgO and a lower content of SiO2 and Al2O3. Fassaite gabbro composes several small bodies framed the Ust'-Krestovsky monzogabbro massif, without contacting the latter. A model of the formation of fassaite gabbro due to the assimilation of carbonate (crustal carbonate melts) by subalkaline mafic magma is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is proposed in this paper to use the focal characteristics of small seismic events, in particular, the scaled energy and the rupture propagation velocity, as indicators of possible dynamic movements along a fault. The two sites selected for analysis underwent microseismic events induced by mining operations. The first site, the Korobkovskoe iron ore deposit of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly, is located in the aseismic region. The second site, the apatite–nepheline deposit of the Khibiny massif, is characterized by relatively intensive natural and human-triggered seismicity. Based on the results of the analysis, the values of the scaled seismic energy and the rupture propagation velocity are drastically different at the deposits under consideration. At the apatite–nepheline ore deposit, the parameter values are close to the range of values characteristic for "normal" earthquakes. At the KMA deposit, the obtained anomalously low values of the scaled energy and the rupture propagation velocity correspond to "slow" earthquakes. The results obtained are indicative of the prospects for using the selected parameters as indicators of possible large dynamic events at the studied site of the fault zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common progressive neurodegenerative diseases. An important feature of the disease is its long latent period, which necessitates search for prognostic biomarkers. One method of identifying biomarkers of PD is to study changes in gene expression in peripheral blood of the patients in early stages of the disease and have not been treated. In this study, we analyzed relative mRNA levels of the genes GRIPAP1, DLG4, KIF1B, NGFRAP1, and NRF1, which are associated with neurotransmitter transport, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction, in the peripheral blood of PD patients using reverse transcription and real-time PCR with TaqMan probes. The results of this study suggest that the GRIPAP1 and DLG4 genes could be considered as potential biomarkers for the early clinical stages of Parkinson's disease. The data obtained may indicate that NGFRAP1 is involved in pathogenesis of both PD and other neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, in the early clinical stages of the disease we studied, the KIF1B and NRF1 genes were found not to be involved in PD pathogenesis at the expression level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work shows how to control the surface density and size of InAs/InP quantum dots over a wide range by tailoring the conditions of Stranski-Krastanov growth. We demonstrate that in the near-critical growth regime, the density of quantum dots can be tuned between 10 7 and 10 10 cm - 2 . Furthermore, employing both experimental and modeling approaches, we show that the size (and therefore the emission wavelength) of InAs nanoislands on InP can be controlled independently from their surface density. Finally, we demonstrate that our growth method gives low-density ensembles with well-isolated QD-originated emission lines in the telecom C-band. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper, a new estimate for a short "inhomogeneous" Kloosterman sum modulo whose number of terms does not exceed is obtained. This estimate refines the result of M. A. Korolev (2016). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methods of the pretreatment of reeds (grinding, hydrothermal treatment, treatment with acid or alkali solutions, organosolv, deep eutectic solvents) and their effect on the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis by cellulase and hemicellulase complexes have been studied. Substrates with the highest reactivity were obtained by exposing the reeds to a weakly alkaline deep eutectic solvent (DES) and an alkali solution. The depth of enzymatic hydrolysis of these pretreated substrates was 63 and 59%, and the degree of conversion of polysaccharides (cellulose and hemicellulose) into monosaccharides taking into account the yield of the substrate at the preprocessing stage was 60 and 34%, respectively. After pretreatment of the reeds with acid DES, water steam, water, or a water/organic solution of sulfuric acid, the depth of enzymatic hydrolysis was 45, 25, 20, and 11% and the degree of polysaccharide conversion was 26, 18, 13, and 10%, respectively. The industrial enzyme preparation Agrocell Plus with a predominant content of cellobiohydrolases and endoglucanases was most effective in hydrolyzing the dust fraction of the reed, as was the reed pretreated with a solution of sulfuric acid or DES (acidic or alkaline). The industrial enzyme preparation Agroxil Plus, containing endoxylanase and cellobiohydrolases, was more effective in hydrolyzing the reed after hydrothermal pretreatment or alkali solution. The results of the hydrolysis of the reed pretreated with acidic or weakly alkaline DES under the action of individual (homogeneous) cellulases indicate that in both cases the key enzyme was cellobiohydrolase 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces in the food industry is a major public health problem. Indeed, biofilms represent a constant source of pathogens, such as Listeria monocytogenes and bacteria of the genus Salmonella. Formation of multispecies biofilms by pathogens and spoilage microorganisms significantly contributes to the persistence of microorganisms in meat processing plant environments and thus poses a serious risk for product safety. In this study, 46 strains of microorganisms isolated from food products and various elements of food industry environment were tested for their ability to form biofilms at different temperatures. The analyzed pathogenic strains (Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella sp.) and spoilage microorganisms (Pseudomonas sp.) exhibited adhesion to abiotic surfaces with subsequent formation of persistent biofilms. Low positive temperature was not a limiting factor in their ability to form biofilms. After 24 h of incubation at 4°C, Listeria and Salmonella sp. developed stable biofilms. It was found that these bacteria were capable of forming biofilms on various abiotic surfaces present in the meat industry (ceramic tiles, glass, and plastic). Analysis of synergistic interactions among members of the genera Listeria, Salmonella, and Pseudomonas in the formation of mixed biofilms at 4°C showed that combinations of a pathogenic microorganism and a Pseudomonas member formed biofilms significantly more efficiently than combinations of two pathogens. This indicates the importance of Pseudomonas species in synergistic interaction among microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The features of the formation of TiN–Cu composite coatings using the hybrid method of vacuum-arc evaporation of titanium and magnetron sputtering of copper are considered. It has been shown that under the selected conditions for the TiN synthesis copper does not form chemical compounds with titanium and nitrogen. The structure and properties of TiN–Cu composite coatings are examined. The introduction of copper into the coating composition leads to the grinding of the nitride phase crystallites. A maximum microhardness of coatings of 37–41 GPa is achieved at a copper concentration of ~3–7 at %. The technological parameters allowing the application of wear-resistant functional TiN–Cu coatings on T15K6 alloy substrates have been determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of an experiment to verify a complex technology for isolation of 177Lu from an irradiated 1-g ytterbium target are presented. The main components of the experimental installation, which is mounted in a research hot cell, are described. These components include the extraction and separation of lutetium and ytterbium, the evaporation and preconcentration of 177Lu, and its chromatographic purification. The feasibility of obtaining a pharmaceutical substance no carrier added lutetium-177 trichloride that meets the standards set by the European Pharmacopoeia has been confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents first data on isotopic U–Pb study (LA-ICP-MS method) of zircon from intrusive rocks of the Kensu pluton situated in the eastern part of the deep-seated fault system of the "Nikolaev Line." This pluton of high-potassic (shoshonitic series) rocks is accompanied by the Kensu deposit and other occurrences of skarn and porphyry W–Mo–Cu–Au mineralization. Together with the other Au, W, and Cu deposits and occurrences, they are parts of the extended metallogenic belt of Tien Shan. The concordant isotopic U–Pb age data for zircon autocrysts from the rocks of the consecutive intrusive phases span over the interval of approximately 325 to 302 Ma. This interval comprised the crystallization of monzogabbro (321 ± 4 Ma), monzonite (319 ± 4 Ma), camptonite (306 ± 4 Ma), syenite (307 ± 6 Ma), quartz syenite (305.5 ± 2 Ma), and quartz monzonite (305 ± 3 Ma). Zircon antecrysts dated at 316–325 Ma to 335–345 Ma have also been identified. The age data obtained are consistent with the age of subduction processes defined for the western part of the Middle Tien Shan. However, both geochemical characteristics of the rocks from the Kensu pluton and a distinct W–Mo mineralization related to this pluton contradict the subduction-related setting of the pluton emplacement but, instead, point out the post-collisional setting of the intrusion emplacement. This discrepancy can be explained by a "scissor-like" (from east to west) closure of the Turkestan paleoocean that has resulted in the post-collisional regime in the eastern part of the "Nikolaev Line," whereas subduction continued in its western part. The rocks also contain zircon xenocrysts with a much older age (in to order of 1.9 Gb) that probably represents the age of the Tarim craton basement rocks; this indicates an involvement of the ancient material in the magma generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to numerous scientific publications and commercial offers, two species of pompano, Trachinotus blochii and T. falcatus, are currently cultivated in the mariculture in Taiwan and Southeast Asia, particularly, in Vietnam. It is also believed that T. blochii and T.ovatus are grown in aquatic farms of mainland China. Taxonomic identification by morphological characters of pompano species from a farm in the southern part of Central Vietnam and the results of the DNA barcoding showed that one of these species is indeed T. blochii, while the second one is not T. falcatus, but T. anak. Analysis of the literature data did not reveal any confirmed evidence of either introduction or presence of T. falcatus and T. ovatus in Asian waters. Moreover, the comparison of the generated nucleotide sequences with the sequences from genetic databases (GenBank and BOLD), allowed us to conclude that these species are unlikely to be present in mariculture, and all the mentions of them in numerous scientific publications from this region are the result of misidentification of T. anak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the results of studies of pipeline sections and process mediums at the Bovanenkovo oil and gas condensate field facilities for contamination with corrosion-hazardous microorganisms. Physicochemical parameters favorable to the development of bacterial contamination are determined in samples of process fluids. The microbiological profile of bacterial microflora isolated from industrial effluents is described using microbiological and genetic research methods. A method for protecting process equipment and pipelines from microbiological corrosion with bactericides is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the first isotopic U–Pb study data (LA–ICP–MS method) of zircon from intrusive rocks of the Molo-Sarychat pluton situated along the deep-seated fault system of the "Nikolaev Line" in the eastern Kyrgyzstan. The intrusive rocks from this pluton belong to the high-potassic calc-alkaline to shoshonitic series. Intense Mo(–W–Cu–Au) (mainly molybdenum-porphyry) mineralization is spatially and genetically associated with this pluton. Together with the other Au, W and Cu deposits and occurrences, this mineralization is part of the extended metallogenic belt of Tien Shan; however, occurrences of molybdenum-porphyry mineralization are still rare in this belt. The concordant isotopic U–Pb ages of zircon autocrysts indicate the crystallization of quartz monzonite (293.3 ± 4.2 Ma) and monzogranite (286.6 ± 2.4 Ma) in the Early Permian. Zircon antecrysts dated at 306–320 Ma are also present. The crystallization age obtained corresponds to a post-collisional epoch of the development of this territory but the presence of the antecrysts expands the pluton emplacement to the Late Carboniferous-Early Permian, which, as a result, spanned over initially subduction-related and then post-collisional tectonic settings. Correspondingly, a post-collisional setting of the Mo(–W–Cu–Au) (molybdenum-porphyry) mineralization is established; it is related to the pluton studied and was formed after the emplacement of quartz monzonite (early stage) and monzogranite (late stage). Significant enrichment in Mo can be related to its progressing accumulation during magmatic differentiation causing the emplacement of quartz monzonite and especially monzogranite. These processes occurred under the more mature post-collisional tectonic regime, with possible formation of intermediate magma chambers in the Paleoproterozoic metamorphic rocks and ancient granitoids. The age dates determined for rocks from the Molo-Sarychat pluton are similar to those identified for the igneous and metasomatic rocks of the large Kumtor gold deposit that is also associated with the "Nikolaev Line." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The population in the areas neighboring the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site (SNTS) in the eastern region of Kazakhstan faces increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Previous research has not explored gene polymorphisms related to CVD in this population. Therefore, the present study examines the prevalence of six CVD-associated genotypes in three generations exposed to SNTS radiation. The genotyping of ApoE Leu28 → Pro, AGT Met174 → Thr, AGT Met235 → Thr, eNOS T786 → C, PON1 Gln192 → Arg, and EDN 1 Lys198 → Asn was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The present study encompassed a cohort of 218 participants with a familial history of arterial hypertension and/or carotid artery disease spanning at least three generations. The analysis unveiled significant disparities in the prevalence of ApoE Leu28 → Pro, eNOS T786 → C, and PON1 Gln192 → Arg genotypes across different generations. Furthermore, a substantial variation in the distribution of the eNOS T786 → C genotype was observed between individuals of Kazakh and Russian ethnicities. Nevertheless, no significant discrepancies were detected in the frequencies of the investigated genotypes between genders. Further research in this area is warranted to enhance the understanding of the genetic factors contributing to CVD in the population exposed to radiation from the SNTS. Specifically, future studies should broaden the scope of genetic polymorphisms investigated and include representatives of healthy individuals who have not been exposed to radiation as controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this work was to quantitatively characterize the effectiveness of oxidative phosphorylation uncouplers and decoupling agents in functionally active mitochondria, taking into account their content in the hydrophobic region of the inner membrane of these organelles. When conducting theoretical studies, it is accepted that uncouplers and decouplers occupy part of the volume of mitochondria to exhibit their activity, which is defined as the effective volume. The following quantities characterizing the action of these reagents are considered: (1) concentrations of reagents that cause double stimulation of mitochondrial respiration in state 4 ( C 200 ); (2) effective distribution coefficient ( E MW ) - the ratio of the amount of reagents in the effective volume of mitochondria and the water volume; (3) the relative amount of reagents associated with the effective volume of mitochondria ( U M / U T ); (4) specific activity of reagents localized in the effective volume of mitochondria ( A M ). We have developed methods for determining these values, based on an analysis of the dependence of the rate of mitochondrial respiration on the concentration of uncouplers and decoupling agents at two different concentrations of mitochondrial protein in the incubation medium. During experimental studies, we compared the effects of the classical protonophore uncouplers 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) and сarbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP), the natural uncouplers lauric and palmitic acids, and the natural decouplers α,ω-tetradecanedioic (TDA) and α,ω-hexadecanedioic (HDA) acids that differ both in the structure of the molecule and in the degree of solubility in lipids. Using the developed methods, we have clarified the dependence of the degree of activity of these uncouplers and decoupling agents on the distribution of their molecules between the effective volume of mitochondria and the water volume. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Matrix based on pyrochlore Y2Ti2O7 for immobilization of high-level radioactive waste was prepared via SHS process. The phase composition and structure of the synthesized matrices were characterized. The influence of aluminum additive and composition/amount of gases emitted during combustion on the porosity of the matrices was studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An estimate of the convergence rate is obtained in the Riemann localization principle for trigonometric series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in the content of various phenolic carboxylic acids (PCAs), chlorogenic (ChA), caffeic (CA), ferulic (FA), as well as the amounts of flavonoids and spare carbohydrates (monosaccharides, polysaccharides, and starch) in the tissues of Acer tataricum and Acer negundo seed embryos (indigenous and invasive species, respectively) during their storage were studied from October to March (cold chamber, T 5°C, humidity 80%). There was a significant increase in the content of ChA and the absence of CA in December–January in an aboriginal species with a long dormant period. In the invasive species A. negundo, which does not have a rest period, the level of ChA also increased, but was ten times lower than in A. tataricum, while a high level of CA was identified. In terms of flavonoid content, the native species A. tataricum is ten times superior to the invasive A. negundo. The carbohydrate content in A. tataricum was about 40%, and in the tissues of A. negundo seed embryos about 15% and did not change during the entire storage period. The dynamics of the content of phenolic compounds and forms of spare carbohydrates, their relationship with the activation of metabolic processes and protective anti-stress mechanisms during the cold storage of seeds, and competitiveness in biocenoses are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is part of a cycle devoted to establishing scientific principles for the control of coal's physicochemical state in the exploitation of beds using injective grouting of cracks by active suspensions. The deactivating mixtures are filtrates of lime suspensions with different concentrations. The samples to which these suspensions are applied consist of long-flame coal of limited metamorphic development, which is highly susceptible to oxidation and self-ignition. Change in its surface wettability is assessed by liquid filtration through a layer of coal powder in a soil model. Steeping coal with suspension filtrates of pH 12.5 is found to produce uniform passivation of the coal surface, with change in its oxidative properties. This is accompanied by increase in wettability and mineralization of the coal surface. That must be taken into account in choosing the parameters of the suspension and the methods of bed deactivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arrays of vertically oriented carbon nanotubes (VOCNTs) with a height from 25 to 100 m and a specific resistance from 1.5 to 4 cm have been grown by catalytic chemical vapor deposition on the Si/HfO /Fe surface for the first time. The growth of VOCNTs on hafnium oxide is observed within a temperature range of °C and does not occur at °C. At the same time, the temperature dependence of the VOCNT growth rate is characterized by a value of 1.5 eV. Using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, the predominance of nanotubes with diameters from 1 to 10 nm in the array is shown. It has been revealed that HfO nanocrystallization during the annealing of substrates complicates the SEM analysis of catalytic Fe particles, whose size on the surface of initial amorphous HfO is nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The studies were conducted to comparatively evaluate the GK-494/15vv winter rye population selected for high viscosity of the water extract (VWE) of grain meal (9.7 cP) to improve the technological and baking qualities of grain. Comparative tests were carried out in 2017–2023 on 12 m2 plots in threefold replication. The cultivated winter rye varieties Tatyana, Moskovskaya 12, Moskovskaya 15, and Moskovskaya 18, which have an average VWE = 4.4–4.9 cP, were used as standards. The high-viscosity population GK-494/15vv was significantly better than the standards in amylogram height (407 units vs. 243–299 units), shape stability of hearth bread (0.29 vs. 0.21–0.24), and crumb quality of pan bread (4.5 points vs. 3.6–3.8 points). The differences in yield and other traits were insignificant. A stable positive trend was observed in the falling number and starch gelatinization temperature, while a negative trend was observed in the output volume of pan bread. No correlative relationship with the WVE was found for winter hardiness, protein, and starch content in grain. A similar response of such traits as amylogram height, falling number, and starch gelatinization temperature to changing weather conditions of the year was shown, which is confirmed by a reliably high correlation between them (r = 0.77–0.87). For the WVE, such a correlation took place only for the starch gelatinization temperature (r = 0.71). The high WVE potential reduced the output volume of pan bread, due to which it had better structural and mechanical properties of the crumb. WVE is an important trait for the breeding of winter rye for high baking qualities of grain, and the studied population GK-494/15vv requires breeding improvement in terms of short stemness, lodging resistance, 1000-grain weight, and grain nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genetic variability of microsatellite DNA has been studied for the first time for five loci in the common bream Abramis brama (L.) from lakes Sebezhskoye and Necheritsa of the Sebezhsky National Park lake system (Pskov oblast). The results demonstrate the uniformity of estimates of the genetic variability of the bream in the lake system. Estimates of the allelic diversity of microsatellite loci and the expected heterozygosity of local bream groups do not differ significantly. The total genetic differentiation of bream is θ = 0.004, 95% CI (–0.01; 0.01), and is statistically insignificant. The Bayesian analysis of the studied multilocus genotypes has not revealed any population–genetic structure. The results indicate a high level of gene flow between local bream groupings and make it possible to assume the presence of a genetically unified panmixed population in the Sebezhsky National Park lake system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between the levels of essential elements and various aspects of well-being in environmentally exposed populations still needs to be better understood. The present study aims to investigate the potential connections between serum concentrations of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and quality of life (QoL) in environmentally exposed populations in Kazakhstan. The present study involved 1881 nominally healthy individuals aged 18–52 years who were permanent residents of Abay, Borodulikha, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kurchum, Uralsk, Aksay, and Berezovka settlements. These settlements were selected to represent different types of environmental exposure: radioactive fallout from the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site (SNTS), non-ferrous metallurgy, and the condensate gas field, compared to environmentally unexposed territories. The Russian version of the SF-36 questionnaire was used to assess the participants' quality of life. Serum Ca levels were measured using colorimetry with O-cresolphthalein, and serum Mg concentrations were measured using colorimetry with xylidyl blue. Both elevated and decreased serum Ca levels were more frequently observed in the environmentally exposed populations. The prevalence of hypermagnesemia was highest among residents near the condensate gas field. Environmentally exposed populations residing near the SNTS and in Ust-Kamenogorsk exhibited lower scores in some QoL domains. In contrast, people near the condensate gas field showed comparable or even higher QoL scores than the control population. Only serum Mg demonstrated a significant association with the average QoL scores, while Ca did not show such an association. These findings have important implications for public health interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, novel ursane-derived 2-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazoles and 3-thioxo-1,2,4-triazoles were prepared. Coupling aliphatic or aromatic hydrazides with terpenoids containing NCO or NCS groups at C-17 atom of norursane or a NCS group at C-28 atom of the ursane backbone led to substituted acyl(thio)semicarbazides. 4-Terpenyl-3-thioxo-1,2,4-triazoles were obtained from formyl- and acetylthiosemicarbazides containing a thiourea group at C-28 atom of the ursane core (with 72 and 82% yields, respectively). The cyclodehydration of acylsemicarbazides with an urea fragment at C-17 atom of norursane with TsCl–Et3N afforded 2-(terpenylamino)-1,3,4-oxadiazoles (yield 75–84%), including hybrids with strong electron acceptor substituents unavailable through norursane-derived sulfur intermediates (norursane-17-isothiocyanates did not react with poorly nucleophilic hydrazides). However, the synthesis of regioisomeric 2-(arylamino)-5-terpenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles from norursane acylsemicarbazide derived from ursolic acid hydrazide was not feasible because of the steric constraint of intramolecular attack. The oxidative cyclization of acylthiosemicarbazides is the method of choice for the preparation of norursane-type 2-(arylamino)-5-terpenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glucose is the main energy substrate that ensures metabolic processes in the human and animal bodies. Impaired carbohydrate metabolism is often associated with obesity and concomitant diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, arterial hypertension, insulin resistance, etc. Current data indicate that intestinal glucose absorption is coupled with Ca2+ influx, but additional research is needed to confirm this interaction. We used a cellular model of human intestinal epithelium to elucidate the role of Ca2+ channels in the regulation of glucose absorption. The results of immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy showed that high cellular glucose loading (50 mM) leads to an increase in the density of TRPV6 calcium channels on the apical membrane of the intestinal epithelium. The level of the calcium sensor STIM1, responsible for store-dependent calcium entry (SOCE), on the contrary, showed a decrease when Caco-2 cells were overloaded with glucose, which was accompanied by a decrease in SOCE. Excessive saturation of Caco-2 cells with glucose also led to a decrease in the expression level of the NF-κB transcription factor p65 subunit responsible for the expression of STIM1. The results showed that Ca2+ channels are not only involved in the regulation of glucose uptake, but may themselves be under the control of glucose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents first data on isotopic U–Pb study (LA-ICP-MS method) of zircon from intrusive rocks of the Adyrtor intrusions – a group of small intrusives situated in the easternmost part of the deep-seated fault system of the "Nikolaev Line." Here, these intrusions cut through one of the oldest (1.8–2.6 Ga) complexes of the basement rocks of Tien Shan (metamorphic rocks of the "Kuilyu suite"). These intrusive rocks belong to the high-potassic calc-alkaline to shoshonitic series, with some geochemical signatures also of anorogenic (A-type) magmatism. These intrusions are accompanied by skarn and porphyry W–Mo–Cu–Au mineralization. Together with the other Au, W, and Cu deposits and occurrences, they are parts of the extended metallogenic belt of Tien Shan. The concordant isotopic U–Pb age data for zircon autocrysts indicate the crystallization of quartz syenite (330.7 ± 4.3 Ma) and quartz monzonite (329.5 ± 5.8 Ma) in the latest Early Carboniferous. The distinct W–Mo specialization of ore mineralization related to the intrusions studied is in agreement with the post-collisional tectonic setting during their emplacement, despite their older or similar age compared to the ore-bearing plutons in more western segments of the Middle Tien Shan, which corresponded to a subduction-related setting. This supports the possibility of the "scissor-like" (from east to west) closure of the Turkestan paleoocean that resulted in the earlier cessation of subduction in the eastern Tien Shan compared to the western Tien Shan. The rocks also contain zircon xenocrysts with older (on the order of 1.7–2.6 Ga) age, which is in agreement with the age of the host metamorphic rocks of the Tarim craton basement. This highlights the possibility of magma chamber development in the continental crust, together with the magma chambers in the metasomatically-enriched subcontinental upper mantle, the latter being common for high-potassic magmatism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The actual study is the description of the biochemical characteristics of a wide range of enzymes (phenylalanine ammonia lyase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase) and metabolites (malondialdehyde, phenols, extractives, cellulose, lignin), as well as the profiles of their activities during the xylem structural elements' formation during the predominance of differentiation processes during straight-grained wood formation or proliferation while the figured wood formation in the radial row cambial zone (Fraction 1)—differentiating xylem (Fraction 2)—mature xylem (MX) in the period of active cambial growth in 16-year-old straight-grained Betula pendula var. pendula and figured Betula pendula var. carelica plants. We generalized the processes associated with abnormal xylogenesis were separated spatially, and, to the greatest extent, the metabolism of the studied birch forms differed in the Fraction 2, while the diagnostic contribution of secondary metabolism enzymes and malondialdehyde (MDA) probably characterized the active secondary metabolism of parenchyma cells, which formed figured wood basis. This study described for the first time the biochemical features of a wide range of enzymes and metabolites as well as the profiles of their activities in the xylem structural elements' formation. The necessity of separately analyzing all tissue complexes was proven. This approach made possible to separate the generally observed biochemical patterns spatially. Thus, during the active cambial growth period in 16-year-old B. pendula var. pendula and B. pendula var. carelica, the differences between straight-grained plants and Karelian birch plants (non-figured and figured trunk parts) were most clearly expressed in the differentiating xylem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of the study on the influence of an electric homogeneous field, which may occur during a thunderstorm front, on the polarization of a signal transmitted through a fully dielectric optical cable are presented. During the experiment, a homogeneous electric field with an intensity of up to 3 kV/cm was applied to the fiber-optic communication line. The research results showed that cables several kilometers long are sensitive to external electric fields. At such cable lengths, the ellipticity angle of the signal transmitted through the cable changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method is given for finding the exact value of the argument of the modulus of continuity in estimates of the rate of convergence of Fourier series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to achieve a dual objective: to compare the frequencies of CYP1A2 rs762551 genotypes between team sport athletes and a control group, and to determine the association between the rs762551 polymorphism and changes in physical performance after a six-week training program among elite basketball players. Methods: The study encompassed an analysis of 504 individuals, comprising 320 athletes and 184 controls. For the Turkish cohort, DNA was isolated using the buccal swab method, and genotyping was conducted using the KASP technique. Performance assessments included the Yo-Yo IR2 and 30 m sprint tests. For Russian participants, DNA samples were extracted from peripheral blood, a commercial kit was used for DNA extraction, and genotyping of the rs762551 polymorphism was conducted using DNA microarray. Result: Notably, a statistically significant linear decline in the prevalence of the CC genotype was observed with ascending levels of athletic achievement within team sports (sub-elite: 18.0%, elite: 8.2%, highly elite: 0%; p = 0.001). Additionally, the CA genotype was the most prevalent genotype in the highly elite group compared to controls (80.0% vs. 45.1%, p = 0.048). Furthermore, statistically significant improvements in Yo-Yo IR2 performance were noted exclusively among basketball players harboring the CA genotype (p = 0.048). Conclusions: The study's findings indicate that the rs762551 CC genotype is a disadvantage in elite team sports, whereas the CA genotype provides an advantage in basketball performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied the effects of visceral obesity induced by a high-calorie diet and health-improving variants of its correction on morphological characteristics of the muscle tissue in male Wistar rats. At stage I, the rats received standard (StD) or high-calorie diet (HCD) for 8 weeks. At stage II, the animals were divided into the following subgroups: no correction (StD and HCD), switching from HCD to StD (HCD/StD) and/or connection of physical activity in the form of treadmill running (StD+running, HCD+running, and HCD/StD+running) for the next 8 weeks. Diet-induced visceral obesity was shown to result in a decrease in the weight of the triceps surae muscle, fatty infiltration, intracellular edema, partial lysis of contractile elements, weak inflammatory response, and decreased muscle fiber area on cross section. Treadmill running (HCD+running) exacerbates the morphological changes, but returns muscle fiber area to normal. Correction of visceral obesity and relative normalization of muscle tissue structure was noted when switching to a standard diet (HCD/StD and HCD/StD+running). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthracite-based Purolate standard sorbent is studied before and after sorption of iron, manganese, sulfate, and nitrite ions, by thermal analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and nitrogen porosimetry. Correlations are established between the thermal decomposition indices, the mass loss in different temperature ranges, and the results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (relative atomic concentrations in the surface layer of samples), scanning electron microscopy (analysis of microphotographs), and nitrogen porosimetry (specific surface values of the samples). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a mosaic of neurodevelopmental conditions composed of early-onset social interaction and communication deficits, along with repetitive and/or restricted patterns of activities, behavior, and interests. ASD affects around 1% of children worldwide, with a male predominance. Energy, porphyrin, and neurotransmitter homeostasis are the key metabolic pathways affected by heavy metal exposure, potentially implicated in the pathogenesis of ASD. Exposure to heavy metals can lead to an altered porphyrin metabolism due to enzyme inhibition by heavy metals. Heavy metal exposure, inborn genetic susceptibility, and abnormal thiol and selenol metabolism may play a significant role in the urinary porphyrin profile anomalies observed in ASD. Altered porphyrin metabolism in ASD may also be associated with, vitamin B6 deficiency, hyperoxalemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, and hypomagnesemia. The present review considers the abnormal porphyrin metabolism in ASD in relation to the potential pathogenic mechanism and discusses the possible metabolic therapies such as vitamins, minerals, cofactors, and antioxidants that need to be explored in future research. Such targeted therapeutic therapies would bring about favorable outcomes such as improvements in core and co-occurring symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cervical cancer (CC) continues to be a significant global health issue, which in part can be attributed to disparities in access to CC screening services. This study aims to conduct a trend of CC in Kazakhstan and to compare attitudes towards the screening program between women living in urban and rural areas. In the first stage, we conducted a trend study of CC indicators in Kazakhstan using official statistics. In the second stage, a cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured questionnaire to assess adherence to screening. The trend study reveals a decline in cervical cancer mortality rates (from 7.15 to 5.93 per 100,000 female inhabitants) over the period studied, while the incidence remains stable (from 18.51 to 19.38 per 100,000 female inhabitants). Regional variations in Period Prevalence rates were observed. Significant differences were found in screening participation rates between urban n = 41 (74%) and rural n = 23 (38%) women, p < 0.001, as well as awareness of the screening program (urban: n = 15 (27%), rural: n = 35 (58%), p < 0.001). The trend study highlights a decrease in cervical cancer mortality rates over the specified period, accompanied by a consistent incidence rate. Additionally, regional disparities in period prevalence rates of cervical cancer were observed. The primary factor contributing to the low adherence of rural women to screening was found to be a lack of awareness regarding the screening program. Therefore, increasing awareness about the importance of screening is crucial for improving adherence rates among rural women in Kazakhstan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of He-Ne laser radiation on the composition and content of cell membrane components, namely phospholipids (PL) and sterols, in wheat callus tissues was studied by chromato-mass spectrometry and thin-layer chromatography. It was shown that irradiation of calluses with laser light at a dose of 3.6 J/cm2 resulted in significant changes in the content of these components. Thus, the content of phosphatidylinositol increased in irradiated callus by 8 times, phosphatidylethonolamine by 2 times, and the content of phosphatidic acid decreased by 20% of the sum of PL. For sterols it was found that irradiation caused the most significant changes in the content of β-sitosterol dominant in plants (increase from 1453 ± 170 μg/g dry weight in unirradiated control to 2001 ± 111 μg/g dry weight 1 h after exposure); due to this, the total content of sterols also increased. The analysis of the obtained results suggests that PLs and sterols, primarily those for which regulatory and signaling functions are known, participate in the reaction of plant tissue to exposure to low-intensity He-Ne laser irradiation. This participation is realized as a stress (nonspecific) response to intense radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work we have studied the effect of the phytoecdysteroid 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) on the functioning of mouse skeletal muscle mitochondria. It is shown that 20E at a concentration of 100 µM or more suppresses mitochondrial respiration fueled by glutamate and malate (substrates of complex I of the respiratory chain) or succinate (substrate of complex II of the respiratory chain). This effect of 20E is accompanied by a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential and is associated with inhibition of the activity of complex III, the total activity of complexes I + III and II + III of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. We have noted a prooxidant effect of 20E, which manifests itself in an increase in the production of hydrogen peroxide by skeletal muscle mitochondria. In addition, 20E reduces the ability of mitochondria to accumulate calcium ions in the matrix. We discuss the mechanisms of the possible toxic effect of 20E on the functioning of skeletal muscle mitochondria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]