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Abstract Internal factors-such as psychological traits or individual attitudes-relate to and explain political cleavages. Yet, little is known about how locus of control, agency, and modal attitudes impact political ideology. Utilizing textual analysis within the context of the Chilean 2015 constituent process, we go beyond traditional survey methods to explore community clusters in “Values” and “Rights” networks built upon the deliberation of 106,000 people. Our findings reveal distinct attitudinal patterns across political orientations: the progressive left generally exhibits a more propositive and non-agentic attitude, the traditional left adopts an evaluative stance towards values, and the right-wing community leans towards a factual attitude but shifts to an evaluative stance when discussing rights. These results underscore the role of psychological constructs in shaping political ideologies and introduce textual analysis as a robust tool for psychological and political inquiry. The study offers a comprehensive understanding of the complexities of political behavior and provides a new lens through which to examine the psychology of political ideology.

Abstract People living in poverty inhabit the outskirts of Mexican cities. They struggle and survive but cannot overcome poverty. The present article seeks to understand how the survival tactics of the urban poor keep them in poverty and, with this understanding, inform future interventions. A study based on qualitative grounded theory was conducted in 10 impoverished neighbourhoods in three main regions and cities in Mexico. Observational accounts and in-depth individual and group interviews were conducted with diverse social actors for 115 participants (75 women and 40 men) aged between 12 and 76 years. The data were analysed using an interpretative thematic analysis. Research findings revealed that the urban poor tackle adversities, such as a lack of basic services, health, education, environment, and nutrition. The strength, patience, and hard work employed by these individuals to survive were evident, but their actions to tackle these threats were costly. Ultimately, the urban poor remain in a cycle of poverty, or poverty traps. Interventions to fight poverty, improve life conditions, and general development must include integrated and participatory plans that consider the knowledge and strengths of the urban poor.

Abstract Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is a rare inherited skin disease characterized by defects in type VII collagen leading to a range of fibrotic pathologies resulting from skin fragility, aberrant wound healing, and altered dermal fibroblast physiology. Using a novel in vitro model of fibrosis based on endogenously produced extracellular matrix, we screened an FDA-approved compound library and identified antivirals as a class of drug not previously associated with anti-fibrotic action. Preclinical validation of our lead hit, daclatasvir, in a mouse model of RDEB demonstrated significant improvement in fibrosis as well as overall quality of life with increased survival, weight gain and activity, and a decrease in pruritus-induced hair loss. Immunohistochemical assessment of daclatasvir-treated RDEB mouse skin showed a reduction in fibrotic markers, which was supported by in vitro data demonstrating TGFβ pathway targeting and a reduction of total collagen retained in the extracellular matrix. Our data support the clinical development of antivirals for the treatment of patients with RDEB and potentially other fibrotic diseases.

Abstract Following peripheral nerve injury, successful axonal growth and functional recovery require Schwann cell (SC) reprogramming into a reparative phenotype, a process dependent upon c‐Jun transcription factor activation. Unfortunately, axonal regeneration is greatly impaired in aged organisms and following chronic denervation, which can lead to poor clinical outcomes. While diminished c‐Jun expression in SCs has been associated with regenerative failure, it is unclear whether the inability to maintain a repair state is associated with the transition into an axonal growth inhibition phenotype. We here find that reparative SCs transition into a senescent phenotype, characterized by diminished c‐Jun expression and secretion of inhibitory factors for axonal regeneration in aging and chronic denervation. In both conditions, the elimination of senescent SCs by systemic senolytic drug treatment or genetic targeting improved nerve regeneration and functional recovery, increased c‐Jun expression and decreased nerve inflammation. This work provides the first characterization of senescent SCs and their influence on axonal regeneration in aging and chronic denervation, opening new avenues for enhancing regeneration and functional recovery after peripheral nerve injuries.

Abstract This paper seeks to examine the influence of sustainable supply chain strategy (SSCS) on sustainable competitive advantage (SCA) by considering the mediating role of blockchain technology (BCT) adoption and the moderating role of Digital Transformation (DT) and sustainable supply chain practices (SSCP). Drawing upon the resource-based view theory, we empirically tested our model using a sample of 331 hotel and resort managers, and a quantitative approach was used. The results revealed that BCT adoption mediates the relationship between SSCS and SCA. They further explain that DT significantly moderates the relationship between the SSCS and BCT adoption, whereas SSCP significantly moderates the relationship between the BCT adoption and SCA. All research objectives are successfully obtained. As a result, firms must not only adopt sustainable strategies, but also adopt advanced technologies and transformative practices in order to maintain a competitive advantage in today’s dynamic market landscape. The findings of this study hold significant implications for both theory and practice, providing strategic insights for organizations seeking to improve their competitive positioning by embracing sustainable strategies and technologies.

Abstract This study assesses the quality of a Master’s Degree in education in Ecuador, a program delivered jointly by three institutions (the Ecuadorian Ministry of Education, the National Education University of Ecuador and the University of Barcelona) from 2017 to 2019. The study adopts a multi-dimensional definition of quality that encompasses organization, teaching and trainees’ satisfaction with the value of the course for their professional development. A survey was conducted among 308 trainee teachers using an online questionnaire featuring both open and closed questions. The descriptive analysis of the variables was performed with SPSS and the qualitative information was analyzed using Nvivo12. The findings showed evidence of quality in organization, administration and teaching, in addition to trainee satisfaction with the personal and professional benefits of the course. The study concludes with recommendations for adapting the pedagogical and didactic contents of the master’s degree to the Ecuadorian context and modifying the organization of the face-to-face phase. Evidence is also offered of the value of blended learning and suggestions are made for ongoing institutional self-evaluation to ensure continued improvements and internal regulation in Ecuadorian higher education, and to further develop the government’s Good Living program.

Introduction: Obesity is a global health issue that significantly increases morbidity and mortality when the Body Mass Index (BMI) reaches values ≥ 50. While metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is the most effective treatment for severe obesity, it carries risks. Robotic surgery is promising but not extensively studied in Mexico, which presents an opportunity for research at a National Hospital with an academic program. Methods: This retrospective study reviewed 44 patients who underwent robotic MBS using the da Vinci surgical system from January 2018 to August 2023 at Centro Médico Nacional 20 de Noviembre, ISSSTE. Data collected included surgery type, duration, complications, and weight loss metrics over 54 months post-operatively. Results: The study involved 44 patients with severe obesity including BMI ≥ 50–59.9 kg/m2 for group 1 and BMI ≥ 60 kg/m2 for group 2. The average initial BMI was 54.7 kg/m2 for group 1 and 68 kg/m2 for group 2. The average operative times for group 1 were 10.09 min for docking, 86.23 min for robotic console time, and 95.73 min for total intraoperative time. Group 2 had average times of 9.80 min for docking, 82.4 min for robotic console time, and 92.2 min for total intraoperative time. Follow-up showed significant weight loss initially, with weight recurrence after 24 months due to different factors. No serious complications or mortality were observed. Conclusion: Robotic MBS at a national academic medical center in Mexico shows promising outcomes for patients with BMI ≥ 50–59.9 and BMI ≥ 60, with significant weight and BMI improvements at 54 month follow-up. Further studies with larger cohorts and longer follow-up are needed to strengthen these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sotol bagasse is an increasing waste. This is due to the growing demand for sotol liquor in Mexico. By now, it pollutes the environment with no other use. In terms of sustainable development, the safe reuse of waste and biomass is expected. Additionally, the overexploitation of aquifers and natural leaching processes have caused an increase in the concentration of arsenic in drinking water. This work aims to characterize sotol bagasse and its conversion into a biochar. Additionally, it assesses the biochar´s suitability for removing arsenic from water. Ash, extractives, and lignin content of sotol bagasse were 7.40, 11.57, and 29%. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a fibrous structure with carbon, oxygen, calcium, and potassium. Bagasse was pyrolyzed from 300 to 900 °C. Infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated biopolymer degradation according to temperature. The highest biochar yield was 46.69%. The largest surface area was 77.59 m2/g. The biochar efficiently removed arsenic (97% at eight h) from Chihuahua's city tap water, with an initial concentration of 0.026 mg/L. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed calcium within the biochar framework is essential for arsenic removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The presence of frailty is common in people with Parkinson's disease, as is cognitive dysfunction. Previous research on frailty has focused on the physical aspects of the pathology. Aims: To analyze the relationship between frailty and cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease and to know which disease characteristics are associated with frailty. Methods: An observational, correlational and cross-sectional study was conducted. Participants were recruited from a Home Rehabilitation Service and two Parkinson's Associations. An individualized assessment was carried out by means of a structured interview. Frailty was assessed with the Fried scale and cognitive function with the Mini Mental State Examination and the Parkinson's Disease Cognitive Rating Scale. Results: 90 patients were recruited, 60% men, with a mean age of 73.50 (6.71) years. Frailty was associated with age and disease severity (p < 0.05). Frail patients presented worse cognitive performance relative to pre-frail and robust patients. A negative correlation (coefficient − 0.503) was observed between frailty and measures of patients' cognitive function (p < 0.05). Discussion: The coexistence of frailty and cognitive impairment should be assessed, as PD patients with both conditions are more vulnerable and have a higher chance of experiencing adverse effects. Conclusion: Frail patients with Parkinson's disease present an impairment of cognitive functions dependent on cortical and subcortical regions, being these regions more preserved in the case of robust. The development of programs for early detection of frailty and cognitive function in these patients is necessary to implement strategic intervention plans focused on reversing frailty and cognitive impairment. Protocol registration number: http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05388526. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Novel and highly effective drugs for non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) improve patient outcomes, but their high cost strains healthcare systems. Spain's decentralized public health system, managed by 17 autonomous communities (AaCc), raises concerns about equitable access. Methods: A cross-sectional survey (July–September 2023) was sent to Spanish Multidisciplinary Melanoma Group (GEM Group) members to assess access to new drugs. Findings: Fifty physicians from 15 Spanish AaCc responded to the survey. Access for drug with approved public reimbursement, Hedgehog inhibitors in basal-cell carcinoma and anti PD-L1 antibody in Merkel carcinoma, was observed in 84% and 86% of centers, respectively. For other EMA-approved treatments, but without reimbursement in Spain access decreased to 78% of centers. Heterogeneity in access was mainly observed intra regions. Conclusion: Unequal financial support for drugs for NMSC with creates a patchwork of access across Spanish hospitals, with variations even within the same AaCc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a simple and cost-effective chemical bath deposition methodology was employed to synthesize Co-doped SnS thin films, focusing on the improvement of the optical and electrical properties of the films by modulating the Co2+ ion concentrations in the reaction solution. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a phase transformation from amorphous to a Herzenbergite orthorhombic phase with increasing Co2+ concentration. Chemical structure analysis via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the incorporation of Co2+ ions, along with the presence of SnS, Sn2S3, and minor CoO phases. Optical studies demonstrated a significant bandgap widening from ~ 1.0 eV (undoped) to ~ 1.7 eV (Co-doped), making the films suitable for photovoltaic applications. Electrical characterization showed a marked decrease in resistivity from ~ 3 × 109 to 22 × 106 Ω cm. These results highlight the potential of Co-doped SnS thin films for next-generation photovoltaic devices, emphasizing the importance of doping optimization to balance performance and structural integrity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early debridement of partial-thickness burns and coverage with skin substitutes is currently the standard of care in children, although there is currently no “gold standard” skin substitute. Our aim is to compare the effectiveness of three different skin substitutes, analyzing the medium- and long-term outcomes. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on burn patients under 18 years admitted to our Burn Unit between 2015 and 2021, who were divided into 3 groups according to the type of skin substitute used (EZ-derm®, Biobrane®, and Suprathel®). Demographic and clinical data and short- and long-term outcomes were analyzed. Effectiveness was analyzed by escharectomy and grafting rate during acute management and long-term follow-up reintervention rate. A total of 378 patients were included (179 EZ-derm® group, 107 Biobrane® group, and 92 Suprathel® group). No differences in demographics or burn characteristics were observed between the groups. Patients treated with Suprathel® had a significantly shorter hospital stay (median 4 days (IQR 2–9)), a lower rate of escharectomy and grafting during acute management (21.1%), and a lower long-term follow-up reintervention rate (18.5%) when compared to the EZ-derm® group (median stay 9 days (IQR 6–13); escharectomy and graft 24.6% and reintervention 26.8%) and to the Biobrane® group (median stay 9 days (IQR 7–14); escharectomy and graft 32.1% and reintervention 26.2%). Conclusion: Treatment of partial-thickness burns with Suprathel® is associated with a shorter hospital stay, lower need for escharectomy and grafting, and lower need for long-term reintervention. Therefore, it should be considered the treatment of choice for pediatric partial-thickness burns. What is Known: • Different types of skin substitutes are available for the treatment of skin burns in paediatric patients. What is New: • Suprathel® is linked to a reduction in hospital stays, a lower need for escharectomy and grafting, and a lower likelihood of requiring long-term re-interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colobanthus quitensis is known for enduring extreme conditions, such as high salinity in Antarctica, making it an excellent model for studying environmental stress. In plant families, variations in seed color heteromorphism have been linked to various germination under stress conditions. Preliminary laboratory observations indicated that dark brown seeds of C. quitensis had higher germination rates, suggesting that this phenotypic trait might offer a germination advantage, particularly under saline conditions. To investigate this, germination of heteromorphic seeds from Antarctic, sub-Antarctic, and Andean populations of C. quitensis was assessed under in vitro saline conditions. Among all populations, dark brown seeds exhibited greater germination and shorter germination time than other seeds in the absence of salinity. In the Antarctic population, dark brown seeds showed better salinity tolerance. In the sub-Antarctic La Marisma population, salt tolerance was not affect by seed color, showing the population was the most salt-tolerant. The other two populations showed very low germination even at low salinity concentration. This study is the first scientific report of seed heteromorphism in C. quitensis populations, offering insights into mechanisms of salinity tolerance and potentially other stress conditions that enhance the species' resilience. In addition, the identification of La Marisma populations as a salinity-tolerant population will holds biotechnological importance for agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to assess and compare outcomes of robotic inguinal hernia repair (RIHR) in patients under and over 70 years old, performed by a fellowship-trained robotic surgeon at a single institution. Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing robotic primary transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair between 2020 and 2022 was conducted. Patients were categorized into two age groups: those under 70 years and 70 years and older. Data were collected through chart reviews with a mean follow-up of 30 days. Concurrently, a systematic review (SR) of relevant high-level literature was carried out. Results: Among the 37 patients studied, 75.7% (n = 28) were male, with a mean age of 64.8 years. Demographic features did not significantly differ based on age groups. Patients > 70 years had a higher incidence of reported complications (52.3% vs. 87.5%, p < 0.461). There were no differences in operative time or length of stay between the groups. In the SR, only 23.7% (n = 9) of studies provided age-related conclusions. Three studies identified age over 70 as a risk factor for postoperative complications, while two studies suggested that RIHR is feasible and safe in patients aged 80 years and older. Conclusion: Patients over 70 years old demonstrated a higher incidence of complications compared to younger patients. However, current literature indicates that the robotic approach may offer a safe and minimally invasive option for inguinal hernia repair in both younger and older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proquinazid is a new-generation fungicide authorized in the EU for combating powdery mildew infections in high-value crops. Due to the perishable nature of fruits, alternative analytical methods are necessary to protect consumer's health from pesticide residues. Currently, immunoassays are a well-established approach for rapidly monitoring chemical contaminants. However, the production of high-quality immunoreagents, such as antibodies and bioconjugates, is essential. This study presents a newly designed hapten that maintains the characteristic moieties of proquinazid unmodified. The linear aliphatic substituents of this molecule were used to introduce the spacer arm. A three-step synthesis strategy was optimized to prepare a hapten that displays the entire 6-iodoquinazolin-4(3H)-one moiety with excellent yields. The N-hydroxysuccimidyl ester of the hapten was activated and purified to prepare a protein conjugate with high hapten density, which was used as an immunogen. Antibodies were raised and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were developed. To enhance the assay's sensitivity, two additional heterologous haptens were prepared by modifying the halogenated substituent at C-6. The optimized assays demonstrated low limits of detection in buffer, approximately 0.05 μg/L. When applied to the analysis of proquinazid in QuEChERS extracts of strawberry samples, the immunoassays produced precise and accurate results, particularly in the 10–1000 μg/kg range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper extends the results provided in Jasso-Fuentes et al. (Appl Math Optim 81(2):409–441, 2020b) and Jasso-Fuentes et al. (Pure Appl Funct Anal 9(3):675–704, 2024) regarding the study of discrete-time hybrid stochastic models with general spaces and total discounted payoffs. This extension incorporates the handling of negative and/or unbounded costs per stage. In particular, it encompasses interesting applications, such as scenarios where the controller optimizes net costs, social welfare costs, or distances between points. These situations arise when assumptions of both non-negativeness and boundedness on the cost per stage do not apply. Our proposal relies on Lyapunov-like conditions, enabling, among other aspects, the finiteness of the value function and the existence of solutions to the associated dynamic programming equation. This equation is crucial for deriving optimal control policies. To illustrate our theory, we include an example in inventory-manufacturing management, highlighting its evident hybrid nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this manuscript, we study a benchmark tracking problem when prices evolve through a Binomial model with a random environment. The agent invests a given fund's capital into different assets in a predetermined market to replicate at each stage of time a financial index or benchmark. To measure the actual deviation between the agent's wealth and the current benchmark, we apply a deviation error expressed as a total sum of quadratic functions. We also assume the agent is obligated to change her/his investment between two markets when it is mandatory. This obligation happens when the fund's wealth falls down a predetermined bankruptcy barrier. The dynamic programming method is then used to get optimal investment strategies that minimize the deviation error as well as to characterize the minimum deviation. We also apply the so-called potential function to analyze the influence of the environment on the prices. Numerical simulations are provided to illustrate our results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some Penicillium strains used in cheese ripening produce emerging mycotoxins, notably roquefortine C (ROQC) and cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), as well as enniatins (ENNs) and beauvericin (BEA). Co-occurrence of these mycotoxins in natural samples has been reported worldwide, however, most studies focus on the toxicity of a single mycotoxin. In the present study, the effects of ROQC and CPA alone and in combination with BEA and ENNs A, A1, B, and B1 were analysed in human neuroblastoma cells. ROQC and CPA reduced cell viability, with IC50 values of 49.5 and 7.3 µM, respectively, and induced caspase-8-mediated apoptosis. When ROQC and CPA were binary combined with ENNs, an enhancement of their individual effects was observed. Furthermore, a clear synergism was produced when ROQC and CPA were mixed with the four ENNs. An additive effect was also described for the combination of CPA + ENNs (A, A1, B, B1) + BEA. Finally, the effects of commercial cheese extracts containing the mentioned mycotoxins were evaluated, finding a strong reduction in cell viability. These results suggest that the co-occurrence of emerging mycotoxins in natural matrices could pose a potential health risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICC) in the onco-hematological patients may be associated with thrombosis or infections that may have short- to medium-term repercussions. Material and methods: Single-centre retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected cohort. Primary objective was to establish the PICC-thrombosis and infections incidence. Secondary objectives were to analyze profile of patients suffering from these complications and variables associated with an increased likelihood of developing these events. Results: 549 patients were recruited. 58.5% (n = 321) were oncology patients and 41.5% (n = 228) hematology patients. The incidence of PICC-associated thrombosis was 3.5% (n = 19). Thrombosis was associated with progression of the underlying malignant pathology in 10.6% (n = 2) of cases. No association was found between clinical variables analysed and development of thrombosis. Incidence of PICC-associated infections was 7.65% (n = 42). In the 30 days prior to PICC infection, 57.1% (n = 24) had a febrile syndrome of another focus, 73.8% (n = 11) had been hospitalized, 49.5% (n = 25) had a neutrophil count of 0–500 cells/mm3 and 47.6% (n = 20) had an episode of neutropenic fever. Variables significantly associated with the development of infection were hematological patients, high-flow PICC, 3-lm PICC or PICC insertion because of administration of vesicant therapy. Conclusions: Incidence of PICC-associated thrombosis is low and apparently less prognostically aggressive than other forms of thrombosis associated with cancer, without identify predictive factors. Infection was more prevalent and the identification of risk factors in our series could facilitate its prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major nesting sites for the endangered green turtle (Chelonia mydas) are in Campeche, Mexico: Carmen, Isla Aguada, and Sabancuy. Although they are in a natural reserve, these nesting sites are threatened by agricultural activities and oil extraction. This study aimed to determine the presence and concentration of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in plasma and eggs and to assess the antioxidant response in plasma of nesting C. mydas from the southern Gulf of Mexico. Using censored statistics allowed us to do a realistic calculation incorporating the presence of non-detects in the analysis. A few contaminants (α+β+γ-HCH, trans-chlordane, 4,4′-DDE, 4,4′-DDT, methoxychlor, naphthalene, acenaphthylene, 2-Bromo naphthalene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, and dibenz[a,h]anthracene) were detected in plasma and their corresponding eggs, but correlations were not-significant. Spatial differences in concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) among nesting sites may reflect differences in foraging areas. Approximately 30% of the POPs in plasma and 60% of the POPs in eggs correlated with the biomarkers of oxidative stress. Detection of POPs in C. mydas indicated that plasma and eggs are suitable matrices to assess POPs concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 is a broad host-range rhizobial strain able to induce the formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules in dozens of legumes, including soybean. S. fredii HH103 exhibits genistein-induced surface motility. The aim of this work has been to determine whether the flgJ gene, which is inducible by genistein and codes for a flagellar protein, is involved in this motility and is relevant for symbiosis with soybean. Methods: We have generated two independent mutants in the flgJ gene of HH103 and analysed their phenotypes in motility, exopolysaccharide production, biofilm formation, soybean root colonization, symbiosis with soybean, and secretion of effector proteins. We have also further studied the regulation of the expression of flgJ. Results: We show that the expression of flgJ is driven by a tts box previously not detected, which accounts for its induction by flavonoids and the NodD1 and TtsI transcriptional activators. Inactivation of flgJ led to severe impairments in bacterial motility (swimming and genistein-induced surface motility) as well as to a significant reduction in symbiotic performance with soybean when bacteria are not directly inoculated onto the seedling roots. However, the absence of a functional FlgJ protein did not affect the bacterial ability to colonize soybean roots. Conclusion: The flgJ gene of S. fredii HH103 connects the nod regulon with the genistein-induced surface motility exhibited by this rhizobial strain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an exact completing method of generation of face-milled spiral bevel gears with uniform depth taper. This method ensures localized bearing contact without kinematic transmission errors in both directions of rotation. Both sides of the tooth are generated simultaneously using the same set of basic machine tool settings. A tip relief on the tooth surfaces is the only required microgeometry modification to achieve a smooth transition of load between consecutive pairs of teeth. An analytical approach to determine the basic machine tool settings and select the grinding cutter parameters has been also developed. The selection of the nominal cutter radius follows the recommendations of Information Sheet AGMA 22849-A12. The basis for alignment error compensation has been also established. Tooth contact and stress analyses demonstrate the advantages and limitations of the proposed method, making it suitable for applications with higher power demands for the drive side than for the coast side. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to examine and compare the efficacy of mouthwashes containing different proteins and peptide on the prevention of enamel erosion in vivo, as well as to evaluate the participants’ satisfaction with the formulations. Methods: Twelve participants were selected and underwent five cross-over mouthwash phases: Water (control); 0.1 mg/mL CaneCPI-5; 0.5 mg/mL MaquiCPI-3; 0.1 mg/mL CsinCPI-2; and 0.037 mg/mL Stn15pSpS. After prophylaxis, the participants rinsed (1 min), followed by the acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) formation (2 h). An erosive challenge was made (biopsy, citric acid 1%, 15s) on the buccal surface of the central maxillary incisors. The Relative Surface Reflection Intensity (%SRI) was assessed and analyzed by ANOVA/Tukey’s tests. The calcium release in acid was measured by the Arsenazo method and verified by Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn’s tests. The Spearman’s correlation was used between analyses. A questionnaire evaluated the satisfaction of participants. Results: For both analyses, the results showed that mouthwashes containing the proteins or peptide were significantly more effective in preventing enamel erosion compared to deionized water, with no significant differences among the active ingredients (p < 0.05). Also, there was a significant negative correlation between %SRI and calcium released (r=-0.5754). The questionnaire revealed that the volunteers were satisfied with the taste of the products. In addition, the experimental procedures were well tolerable, and no side effects were reported. Conclusion: All mouthwashes containing proteins or peptide were acceptable and effective in protecting enamel against initial dental erosion in vivo. Clinical significance: This study highlights the potential of these pioneer organic components for the development of mouthwashes designed for people with risk of erosive tooth wear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The optimal physiologic parameters to monitor after a session of awake prone positioning in patients with acute respiratory failure are not well understood. This study aimed to identify which early physiologic changes after the first session of awake prone positioning are linked to the need for invasive mechanical ventilation or death in patients with acute respiratory failure. Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study of adult patients with acute respiratory failure related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treated with awake prone positioning. We assessed the association between relative changes in physiological variables (oxygenation, respiratory rate, pCO2 and respiratory rate-oxygenation [ROX] index) within the first 6 h of the first awake prone positioning session with treatment failure, defined as endotracheal intubation and/or death within 7 days. Results: 244 patients [70 female (29%), mean age 60 (standard deviation [SD] 13) years] were included. Seventy-one (29%) patients experienced awake prone positioning failure. ROX index was the main physiologic predictor. Patients with treatment failure had lower mean [SD] ROX index at baseline [5 (1.4) versus 6.6 (2.2), p < 0.0001] and within 6 h of prone positioning [5.6 (1.7) versus 8.7 (2.8), p < 0.0001]. After adjusting for baseline characteristics and severity, a relative increase of the ROX index compared to baseline was associated with lower odds of failure [odds ratio (OR) 0.37; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.25–0.54 every 25% increase]. Conclusion: Relative changes in the ROX index within 6 h of the first awake prone positioning session along with other known predictive factors are associated with intubation and mortality at day 7. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Barium titanate (BTO) is a ferroelectric perovskite used in electronics and energy storage systems because of its high dielectric constant. Decreasing the BTO particle size was shown to increase the dielectric constant of the perovskite, which is an intriguing but contested result. We investigated this result by fabricating silicone-matrix nanocomposite specimens containing BTO particles of decreasing diameter. Furthermore, density functional theory modeling was used to understand the interactions at the BTO particle surface. Combining results from experiments and modeling indicated that polymer type, particle surface interactions, and particle surface structure can influence the dielectric properties of polymer-matrix nanocomposites containing BTO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nickel and cobalt sulfide-based catalysts supported on a silicon-pillared MFI zeolite were synthesized, characterized, and tested in the hydrodesulfurization reaction of dibenzothiophene. The metallic phases were incorporated by following the incipient wetness impregnation process, and different techniques were employed to determine the physicochemical properties of the obtained catalysts, such as X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption–desorption at – 196 °C, Infrared Spectroscopy and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy. The catalytic performance in the hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene showed that the NiW catalyst was the most active due to the redispersion of NiS on WS2 to form the active NiWS phase. Instead, the desired CoWS phase did not occur under the presence of cobalt, and therefore, the catalytic performance worsened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If the semigroup is slowly non-dissipative, i.e., its solutions can diverge to infinity as time tends to infinity, one still can study its dynamics via the approach by the unbounded attractors—the counterpart of the classical notion of global attractors. We continue the development of this theory started by Chepyzhov and Goritskii (Unbounded attractors of evolution equations. Advances in Soviet mathematics, American Mathematical Society, Providence, 1992). We provide the abstract results on the unbounded attractor existence, and we study the properties of these attractors, as well as of unbounded ω -limit sets in slowly non-dissipative setting. We also develop the pullback non-autonomous counterpart of the unbounded attractor theory. The abstract theory that we develop is illustrated by the analysis of the autonomous problem governed by the equation u t = A u + f (u) . In particular, using the inertial manifold approach, we provide the criteria under which the unbounded attractor coincides with the graph of the Lipschitz function, or becomes close to the graph of the Lipschitz function for large argument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We offer a new angle to explain the comprehension of mathematical infinity. We use Action—Process—Object—Schema (APOS) theory to explore the construction of different aspects of the cognitive Object related to this notion. We focus our attention on different ways of interacting with infinity, and how to act on infinite entities. Our aim is to shed light on the nature of mental constructions that take place when individuals deal with mathematical infinity. An infinite union of finite subsets of N provides the context for our theoretical analysis and the design of interviews conducted with graduate students and instructors. In this study we identify three types of Actions with different complexity levels. When these Actions are performed, they lead to the construction of different facets of the associated Object. We question the construction of an Object conception in infinity-related situations and offer an explanation that might change the way we think about the learning of certain mathematical concepts. We discuss the implications of our research for the advancement of APOS theory. We also offer pedagogical suggestions related to the comprehension of mathematical infinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In citrus, the synthetic auxin 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyloxyacetic acid (3,5,6-TPA), applied as a foliar spray at a concentration of 15 mg l− 1 during physiological fruitlet abscission, caused additional fruitlet drop and reduced the number of fruits reaching maturity. The effect was much more pronounced at full physiological abscission than after. In this study, this thinning effect was successfully exploited for the first time in sour orange trees grown in an urban environment, reducing harvesting costs by up to almost 40%. This effect is mediated by the leaves, which alter their photosynthetic activity. Our results show a reduction of carbon fixation and sucrose synthesis in the leaf, by 3,5,6-TPA repression of the RbcS, SUS1 and SUSA genes, its transport to the fruit, as shown by the reduced expression of the sucrose transporter genes SUT3 and SUT4, and its hydrolysis in the fruit, mainly by repression of the SUS1 gene expression. Genes involved in auxin homeostasis in the fruit, TRN2 and PIN1, were also repressed. The coordinated repression of all these genes is consistent with the decrease in the fruit cell division rate, as shown by the repression of CYCA1-1 gene, leading to the production of ethylene, which ultimately induces fruitlet abscission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have revolutionized artificial lighting, but also exposed the detrimental health effects that stem from insufficient exposure to natural light. Human-centric artificial lighting requires both visual quality and circadian lighting performance that mimics daylight's evolving spectral power distribution (SPD). Here, we present a color-tunable LED-based light source that achieves SPDs similar to various conditions of daylight and incandescent lighting over the range of visible wavelengths. This light source is comprised of a linear combination of light converter channels containing dyes exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) fabricated through additive manufacturing, photoexcited by violet-emitting LEDs (VLED). This hybrid light source establishes a new benchmark for state-of-the-art artificial lighting at approximating daylight, with Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) color gamut index Rg values within 3%, IES color fidelity index Rf values within 7% through CCT values ranging from 4277 K to 22,333 K. We propose efficiency metrics to accurately quantify similarity between light sources and the respective reference daylight spectrum encompassing visual and circadian effects, facilitating WLED benchmarking. The efficiency metrics pertaining to circadian lighting performance remain within 10% over the same CCT range. These results advance lighting science to address simultaneously the grand challenges of health and sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to assess the spatiotemporal variation in water quality in the Grande River and the Ondas River, in the city of Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil. Water samples were collected at 11 points along the rivers, and eight physical–chemical parameters (electrical conductivity, pH, alkalinity, apparent and true color, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, and biochemical oxygen demand) and three microbiological indicators (heterotrophic bacteria, total and thermotolerant coliforms) were analyzed. Spatiotemporal variation was assessed using the multivariate techniques of principal component analysis/factorial analysis (PCA/FA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The results of the PCA/FA highlighted eight of the eleven parameters as the main ones responsible for the variations in water quality, with the greatest increase in these parameters being observed in the rainy season, especially among the points influenced by sewage discharges and by the influence of the urban area. The CA grouped the results from 11 points into three main groups: group 1 corresponded to points influenced by sewage discharges; group 2 grouped points with mainly urban influences; and group 3 grouped points in rural areas. These groupings showed the negative influence of urbanization and also statistically significant variations between the groups and periods. The most degraded conditions were in group 1, and the least degraded conditions were in group 3. Assessment of the variations between the monitoring periods showed that rainfall had a significant impact on the increase or decrease in the parameters assessed, as a result of surface runoff linked to urbanization and increased river flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Au@C core–shell nanostructures (Au@C-NS) were synthesized through a low-temperature seed-assisted hydrothermal approach using glucose as carbon source. The material characterization and chemical analysis confirm that the synthesis method allows to obtain uniform core–shell nanostructures constituted by a crystalline metal core and an amorphous carbon shell. Depending on the synthesis conditions, their average size ranges from 146 nm to 342 nm with relative standard deviation as low as 7 %. It is proposed that the characteristic monodispersity results due to a high nucleation rate of the carbon phase at the liquid–solid interface. The obtained monodisperse Au@C-NS were used to prepare water-based nanofluids with superior heat transport properties. The thermal lens analysis shows that the thermal diffusivity of Au@C nanofluids is 9.5 % and 31.3 % higher than their Au nanofluids counterparts and pure water, respectively, at particle concentration of 285 × 1011 ml−1. Phonon-related interactions at the metal cores and carbon shells interfaces are proposed as the heat transport mechanism behind the thermal diffusivity enhancement of the Au@C water-based nanofluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Removing lowermost dams can reestablish fish passage on Great Lakes tributaries. This can increase the transfer of contaminants from anadromous fish to piscivorous wildlife upstream; however, concentrations of bioaccumulative contaminants in Great Lakes fish have decreased over the last several decades. We analyzed concentrations of PCBs and the toxic equivalence (TEQs) calculated from PCBs, DDTs, other organochlorine pesticides, and PBDEs in the plasma of bald eagle nestlings above and below lowermost dams on five river systems in Michigan from 1999 to 2013. We examined relationships between contaminants and metrics of reproductive success from 1997 to 2018, including the effects of year and location relative to the lowermost dam. Σ20PCB and p,p'-DDE were important in characterizing differences in contaminant mixtures above and below dams. Concentrations of contaminants were generally greater below dams than above. There were generally greater nest success and more nestlings per nest below dams, but nest location explained little variability (R2 values = 0.03–0.15). Neither Σ20PCB nor p,p'-DDE was a significant predictor of 5-year productivity means by river reach despite concentrations exceeding previously established effects thresholds for healthy bald eagle populations in the Great Lakes (≥ 1 nestling/nest). Our study indicates that dams may continue to reduce the upstream movement of contaminants to bald eagles, but at the measured concentrations, contaminants did not impair productivity and reproductive success as indicated by nestlings per nest. Additional information about population dynamics could clarify population-level effects of contaminants on bald eagles and to what degree these populations are self-sustaining throughout the Great Lakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Thyroid lobectomy (TL) is an appropriate treatment for up to 4 cm intrathyroidal differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). There is scarce data regarding TL outside first-world centers. Our aim is to report a cohort of patients with DTC treated with TL in Chile. Methods: We included DTC patients treated with TL, followed for at least 6 months, characterized their clinicopathological features and classified their risk of recurrence and response to treatment. Results: Eighty-two patients followed for a median of 2.3 years (0.5–7.0). Seventy-three (89%) patients had papillary, 8 (9.8%) follicular and 1 (1.2%) high-grade DTC. The risk of recurrence was low in 56 (68.3%) and intermediate in 26 (31.7%). Eight (9.8%) patients required early completion thyroidectomy and radioiodine. At last follow-up, 52 (70.3%) had excellent, 19 (25.7%) had indeterminate, and 1 (1.4%) had structural incomplete response. Conclusion: In a developing country, TL is an adequate option for appropriately selected DTC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Many academics working in the field of education have written about children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and its variant, specifically Asperger’s Syndrome. This research aims to analyze and assess the studies and psycho-pedagogical actions developed to understand the actual experience of the families around the stress derived from the presence of a child with ASD. To this end, the strategies used by the families to deal with this situation should be assessed. This paper presents a systematic review based on an exhaustive search in key databases involving a total of 16 updated studies, published between 2010 and 2020, and a selection process that looked at results from five perspectives: causes of stress, strategies used by fathers, mothers, and siblings to manage the stress, more frequent intervention models, and the importance of the family–school relationship in coping with the reality and needs of these children.

Long-term postoperative complications of metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) are more frequent than those of primary surgery. Robotic-assisted procedures offer several advantages over traditional laparoscopy, but there are limited data. A retrospective study of 29 patients who underwent a revisional robotic-assisted Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RRYGB) in a Tertiary Level Hospital. Variables included were demographics, causes for revision, operative details, complications, and weight loss outcomes up to 54 month post-RRYGB. Causes for conversion were weight loss failure (WLF), weight regain (WR), Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), or Joint Pain (JP). We assessed 29 patients. Causes for conversion included WLF (34%), WR (15%), WR with GERD (20%), GERD (24%), and JP (3%). Initial BMI was 53.43 kg/m2 ± 8.75. Mean length of hospital stay (LOS) was 2 days. Total operative time was 126 min. ± 43.45. Excess weight loss at 1 year post-surgery was 82.66% (p < 0.0001), with mean BMI of 30.93 kg/m2 (p < 0.001). At 3 years, mean %EWL was 71.26% and a mean BMI 33.81 kg/m2 (p < 0.0001). At 4.5 years, mean %EWL was 59.29% and mean BMI 37.27 kg/m2 (p < 0.0001). One complication (8%) was found (jejunojejunal stenosis). There was no mortality. The initial experience with RRYGB shows acceptable outcomes, including low morbidity, no mortality, excellent weight loss after the revisional surgery, and promising reduction in operative times, with important implications on reduction of the total cost of the procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of Review: The trichosporonosis is an opportunistic mycosis caused by Trichosporon species. The cutaneous manifestations have been previously described in very few patients, with localized or disseminated skin lesions. This study aims to provide information on demographics and dermatological manifestations in patients with this infection. Recent Findings: In the last decades, Trichosporon spp. has been recognized as an opportunistic pathogen capable of causing invasive diseases, not just in immunosuppressed but also in immunocompetent patients. Summary: Cutaneous trichosporonosis can affect both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients, presenting primarily papules, erythema and fine scale. Dissemination can occur throughout the skin and liver as most common sites. The acknowledgement of its existence, the recognition of the clinical presentation and the combination of diagnostic methods is vital for an accurate identification of the causal agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) through micromagnetic simulations is a powerful tool used to gain insight into the effects of shape on magnetization dynamics. Mathematical models incorporated into simulation programs have greatly facilitated the understanding of resulting magnetic behaviors. The present study aimed to investigate the influence of shape on the magnetization dynamics of Permalloy discs and stadium-like geometries of finite dimensions. The finite element numerical method was used to perform simulations, employing the Nmag simulator. To simulate the FMR spectra, the ringdown method was utilized, a common technique in computational micromagnetism. Resonance modes were identified using Fourier transform analysis. The novelty of this work is to demonstrate that in a film with a thickness of 50 nm and lateral dimensions less than 1000 nm, it cannot be considered as an infinite film. The results of the calculations showed that, for an in-plane field in a Py disk with these dimensions, there are resonance fields affected when the geometry is slightly stretched. This phenomenon was observed applying a field parallel to the plane of a stadium-shaped geometry. The effects of shape anisotropy remain relevant even in a 50 nm film with lateral dimensions exceeding 1000 nm. The aim of the study is to review results that are normally used for work with thin films. Assuming infinite dimensions and disregarding shape effects always requires care, since depending on the study in question, artifacts due to the shape effect may arise and be interpreted incorrectly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, an innovative three-layer sensor was developed in a fully sustainable design. For that purpose, pectin and anthocyanins from Morus nigra and Prosopis alba were used. Furthermore, mixtures of beeswax and colophony as hydrophobic layers were used to prevent the moisture from affecting the sensor work. The ratio of beeswax/colophony (B/C) was studied to optimize the moisture barrier. The response of colorimetric sensors pectin-Morus nigra (PMN) and pectin-Prosopis alba (PPA) in vapors of simulant solutions was recorded. Furthermore, physicochemical and microbiological tests on fresh bovine meat were carried out, and volatile compound content (VC) was correlated with color changes in PMN and PPA sensors. The results depicted that the optimal ratio in the waterproof layer was B/C: 70/30 (BC3) showing the highest water contact angle of 112° and minimal water vapor absorption value of 2.4%. In addition, the light transmittance of the BC3 layer allows to perceive the color of the sensor without alteration. The outcomes of the simulation test showed differences in color values of 26 and 31 to PMN and PPA, respectively, highlighting the ability of both sensors to allow the detection of quality changes in packaged bovine meat. This research paves the way for the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly colorimetric sensors with diverse applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, the nematicidal and fungicidal activity of the biosurfactant (BS) produced by the strain Serratia ureilytica UTS was evaluated. The highest mortality of J2 juveniles of the nematode Nacobbus aberrans was 92.3% at a concentration of 30 mg/mL. Among the phytopathogenic fungi, the concentration of 1.0% of the crude extract of the biosurfactant was the one that obtained the highest percentage inhibition against the phytopathogens Fusarium oxysporum 72.2%, Fusarium sp., 80.2% and Alternaria solani 100% at 168 h of incubation. Analysis of the BS by GC-MS revealed the presence of the three amino acids alanine, homocystine and valine in its composition. As well as the presence of fatty acids: stearic acid, lauric acid and palmitic acid. With nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrophotometry (MS) analysis, the crude extract was found to have the structure of a quaternary ammonium salt derived from stearic fatty acid, which is a component of the biosurfactant. Based on this evidence, it is suggested that the BS produced by S. ureilytica has a lipopeptide-like chemical structure and possesses nematicidal and fungicidal activity, and is therefore proposed for potential use and application as a biopesticide for the benefit of regenerative and sustainable agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Noonan Syndrome (NS) is associated with an increased risk of low-grade central nervous system tumours in children but only very rarely associated with high-grade gliomas. Here we describe the first reported case of a spinal high-grade astrocytoma with piloid features (HGAP) in a child with NS. This case was a diagnostic and treatment dilemma, prior to whole-genome germline and tumour sequencing, tumour transcriptome sequencing and DNA methylation analysis. The methylation profile matched strongly with HGAP and sequencing identified somatic FGFR1 and NF1 variants and a PTPN11 germline pathogenic variant. Therapeutic targets were identified but also alterations novel to HGAP such as differential expression of VEGFA and PD-L1. The germline PTPN11 finding has not been previously described in individuals with HGAP. This case underscores the power of precision medicine from a diagnostic, therapeutic and clinical management perspective, and describes an association between HGAP and NS which has not previously been reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enterococci are ubiquitous microorganisms in almost all environments, from the soil we step on to the food we eat. They are frequently found in naturally fermented foods, contributing to ripening through protein, lipid, and sugar metabolism. On the other hand, these organisms are also leading the current antibiotic resistance crisis. In this study, we performed whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomics of an Enterococcus faecium strain isolated from an artisanal Mexican Cotija cheese, namely QD-2. We found clear genomic differences between commensal and pathogenic strains, particularly in their carbohydrate metabolic pathways, resistance to vancomycin and other antibiotics, bacteriocin production, and bacteriophage and CRISPR content. Furthermore, a bacteriocin transcription analysis performed by RT-qPCR revealed that, at the end of the log phase, besides enterocins A and X, two putative bacteriocins not reported previously are also transcribed as a bicistronic operon in E. faecium QD-2, and are expressed 1.5 times higher than enterocin A when cultured in MRS broth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel research on food perception is required for long-term space exploration. There is limited research on food/beverage sensory analysis in space and space-simulated conditions, with many studies presenting biases in sensory and statistical methods. This study used univariate and multivariate analysis on data from pick-and-eat leafy greens to assess self-reported and biometric consumer sensory analysis in simulated microgravity using reclining chairs and space-immersive environments. According to ANOVA (p < 0.05), there were significant differences between interaction room × position for head movements; besides, there were non-significant differences in the interaction samples × environment. On the other hand, there were significant differences in the sample×position interaction for all liking attributes. Results from multivariate analysis showed effects on self-reported, physiological, and emotional responses of samples in space-related positions and environments related to sensory perception changes. Non-invasive biometrics could offer a powerful tool for developing digital twins to assess genetically modified plants and plant-based food/beverages for long-term space exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We measured dark CO2 fluxes and CH4 emissions from two naturally vegetated ecosystems of the Mezquital Valley irrigated with wastewater from Mexico City. The ecosystems were characterized by high groundwater levels; the vegetation was represented mainly by saltgrass in the first plot and chairmaker's bulrush in the second. A dark chamber technique was used for the study from August 2008 to June 2009. For the two studied plots, mean values (mean ± SE) for dark ecosystem CO2 fluxes (Rtot), soil CO2 emission (Rsoil), and heterotrophic respiration (Rhet) were 26 ± 5, 14 ± 3 and 12 ± 3 mg C m–2 h–1, respectively, The annual cumulative fluxes Rtot, Rsoil and Rhet equal to 234, 127 and 103 g C m–2 y–1, respectively. The contribution of Rsoil to Rtot, and Rhet to Rsoil varied significantly over the study period, with no clear relationship to seasonal dynamics. The observed low CO2 fluxes may be due to soil salinization resulting from wastewater flooding. The fluxes of CH4 were observed in the flooded plot, with peaks up to 370 µg C m–2 h–1. The fluxes of CH4 were significantly higher when plants were present in the measurement chamber than when there were no plants, confirming the important role of plant cover in CH4 transport. Unlike CH4 fluxes, CO2 fluxes show seasonal dynamics, mainly due to their strong dependence on temperature. The observed results may be useful for properly estimating the global C budget and the contribution of saline soils to C fluxes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the effect of heat treatment in the synthesis of vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) on its physicochemical properties was studied. Furthermore, the effect of liquid and viscous electrolytes based on lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) on the performance of electrochromic devices (ECDs) was evaluated using heat-treated V2O5 as electrochromic film. V2O5 was synthesized using the chemical bath technique. The V2O5 without and with heat treatment at 400 °C was characterized using FT-IR, UV-Vis, XRD, XPS, FESEM, AFM, and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques. Better physicochemical behavior was shown by the thermally treated V2O5, which is why it was used in the ECDs. Single ECDs were characterized using optical transmittance spectra, kinetic curves, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. A broadening of the absorption band towards the red and better electrochemical properties were observed when a thermal treatment was applied to the amorphous V2O5. A charge storage capacity of 1061.42 mC/cm2 was obtained for the crystalline V2O5 film (with heat treatment) compared to the charge storage capacity of 303.38 mC/cm2 obtained for the amorphous V2O5 film. A better distribution and decrease in grain size was observed for V2O5 with heat treatment. The CV curves showed higher stability of crystalline V2O5 compared to amorphous V2O5, even after several cycles and at different scan rates. A higher flow of ions between the working electrode and the counter electrode was achieved with the use of liquid electrolyte in the ECD, allowing a more efficient ECD with greater change in transmittance in the near-infrared region, compared to the use of viscous electrolyte. This research work contributes to the improvement of the physicochemical properties of V2O5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The success of colon-targeted oral hybrid systems relies in the proper control over the release of the entrapped nanostructures at the colon. This work describes the design of hybrid systems for their colonic enzyme-triggered release. The hybrid systems were constituted by nanoemulsions, with adequate characteristics for the treatment of ulcerative colitis, included in a pectin hydrogel-like matrix. For that purpose, pectins with similar degrees of methylation (< 50%) and increasing degree of amidation, i.e. 0, 13 and 20%, were selected. Hybrid systems were formulated by a novel aggregation induced gelation method, using Ca2+, Ba2+ or Zn2+ as aggregating agents, as well as by a polyelectrolyte condensation approach, obtaining structures in the micrometric range (< 10 μm). Despite the resistance of pectins to the upper gastrointestinal tract stimuli, the analysis of the behaviour of the different prototypes showed that the non-covalent crosslinks that allow the formation of the hybrid structure may play a relevant role on the performance of the formulation. Our results indicated that the partial disassembling of the hybrid system's microstructure due to the intestinal conditions may facilitate the stimuli-triggered release of the nanoemulsions at the colon. More interestingly, the particle tracking experiments showed that the condensation process that occurs during the formation of the system may affect to the enzymatic degradation of pectin. In this sense, the effect of the high degree of amidation of pectin may be more prevalent as structural feature rather than as a promoter of the enzyme-triggered release. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to assess pain, fitness condition, physical activity (PA) level, comorbidities, cancer-related fatigue (CRF), mood state and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in long-term breast cancer survivors (LTBCS) compared to women without cancer history, matched by age, weight, height, and educational level. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted in Granada between April 2018 and July 2023 involved 80 LTBCS and 80 matched controls. Pain, fitness condition, PA level, comorbidities, CRF, mood state, and HRQoL were evaluated ≥ 5 years post-diagnosis using validated instruments. Results: LTBCS, compared to the controls, reported significantly higher levels of “pain intensity and interference”, CRF (in all domains and > 40% exhibited moderate-to-severe fatigue levels), “sadness-depression”, “anxiety”, “anger/hostility”, and “symptom scales” (All: P =.000 to.027). Moreover, 66.25% of LTBCS not only did not reach recommended PA levels (P =.035), but also presented significantly lower levels of “general physical fitness”, “muscular strength”, “happiness”, “functioning scales” (except “emotional functioning”), and “global health status” (All: P =.000 to.048). Conclusion: LTBCS still suffer from physical (pain, fitness condition, and CRF), both mental and emotional (sadness-depression, anxiety and anger/hostility) long-term side effects as well as multiple HRQoL issues (including lower levels of physical functioning and higher levels of symptoms). These findings highlight the chronic nature of this disease and the importance of continuing long- term follow-up care for survivors many years after the diagnosis of breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]