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Neoliberal capitalism has faced severe criticism both in principle and in practice since the Lehman Shock in 2008. The purpose of the paper is to identify and explain how the current mode of neoliberal capitalism redefines and reshapes the societal roles of the university sector in neoliberal capitalist societies, notably the UK and the US in the post-credit crunch period. The paper examines capital-labour relations in relation to the concept of capitalism, which is then interpreted in the context of the socio-economic roles of the universities. This paper argues that the 2008 financial crisis per se has not removed government expectation of the economic role of the universities, which has been shaped in government neoliberal policy and practice over three decades and lately developed in relation to the discourse of the knowledge economy. The effect of 2008 was rather the rise of ontological insecurity, the loss of credibility in degrees and awareness on problematic graduates' transition from university to work in a secure, managerial or professional occupation, as new dominant political discourses such as 'lost generation', 'youth unemployment' and 'living wage' suggest. This paper clarifies the differences between higher education access and graduate employment opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monetary intelligence asserts: individuals apply their money attitude to frame critical concerns in the context and strategically select certain options to achieve financial goals and ultimate happiness. Bridging the gap between stock volatility and behavioral economics, we collected longitudinal data from multiple sources and at multiple times: First, private investors (N = 229) in Shanghai—the financial capital of China—completed their love of money attitude measure (Rich-affect, Motivator-behavior, and Importance-cognition) and demographic variables in a survey. Second, we recorded daily Shanghai Stock Exchange Composite Index (“the Index”) for 30 consecutive trading days during the financial crisis in 2008—public records. Third, we text-messaged investors, collecting their daily Index Happiness, Stock Percentage (stocks/liquid assets), and Stock Happiness—private information. Here, investors illustrate: high Rich investors fret about low Index happiness, yet high Rich and high Importance investors boast high stock happiness, supporting the endowment effect and investor hubristic smirk. High Motivator investors quickly adjust their stock percentage/portfolio, suffering low Index happiness and low stock happiness. Gender moderates the relationship between the Index and Index happiness. Our panel data of intra-personal changes of stock happiness demonstrate investor monetary wisdom in the boom-and-bust cycles. Behaviorally, investor must become masters (but not slaves) of money and deactivate money as a Motivator. Curbing the desire to become Rich enhances happiness after gains (boom/risk aversion); appreciating money’s Importance bestows happiness after losses (bust/risk seeking). We expand prospect theory and offer implications to investor wealth, health, and happiness during financial crisis in particular as well as individual subjective well-being and happiness in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2008 financial crisis exposed the dark side of the financial sector in the UK. It brought attention to the contaminated culture of the business, which accommodated the systemic malpractices that largely contributed to the financial turmoil of 2008. In the wake of the crisis there seems to be a wide consensus that this contaminated culture can no longer be accepted and needs to change. This article examines the ills of the UK financial market, more specifically the cultural contamination problem, which was uncovered by the 2008 financial crisis, in order to explore its genesis and the suitable solutions for it. In this regard, the article analyses the ethical finance sector from theoretical and practical perspectives in order to assess its role in addressing the cultural contamination problem of the UK financial market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A low interest rate regime remains in place in the U.S. after the Financial Crisis of 2008. Banks nevertheless need to find ways to boost the economic value to shareholders. This research examine whether it is possible for banks to stay the course and pursue profitable yet riskier assets or investments regardless of the fact that regulators have put restrictions on banks' asset portfolio formation and capital ratio. This study hypothesizes that banks still engage in highly risky yet profitable investments or services to offset low interest income even after the 2008 Financial Crisis. A panel VAR model and a dynamic GMM model incorporating two structural breaks are employed to examine bank data obtained from the FFIEC from 2003 thru 2014. This study suggests that banks, especially larger banks, still have strong incentives to undertake riskier projects with higher expected returns in order to increase their performance. This has implications for policy makers examining risks inherent to the banking system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have examined the volatility and macroeconomic drivers of venture capital (VC) investments in the past 17 years from 1995 to 2011. We find that VC investments in the United States (US) by the total amount, by the number of deals, and by the average amount per deal are significantly affected by macroeconomic factors and public market signals. The fundamental changes in economic situations (i.e. the 2000 high-tech bubble; the 2008 global financial crisis) had substantial impact on the US VC industry. In response to these dramatic changes, venture firms adjust their risk preferences and investment strategies by securing fewer deals with a smaller average amount per deal in general, increasing their allocations to the expansion and later-stage investments, and injecting a lower percent of cash in the first several financing sequences as opposed to their total committed investments to a company. We also find the impact of 2008 global financial crisis and economic recession on the VC industry is somewhat different from that of the 2000 dot-com bubble. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the twentieth century Japan embarked on an economic developmental path that came to be known as the Flying Geese Model. The geopolitical milieu after the Second World War provided Japan with favourable conditions for rapid economic growth and industrialization. By the 1950s, many had noticed the success of the model and it was subsequently adopted by other East Asian countries. They too enjoyed decades of remarkable economic growth. An important element of the model is growth driven by export to the USA and Europe. As a result of the 2008 financial crisis, the traditional markets of the geese are shrinking. The new situation poses grave challenges to both the existing flying geese economies and latecomer economies which wish to follow the model. East Asian countries are responding to the situation by broadening and deepening their existing economic linkages and developing new ones. This represents a continuation of East Asian regionalism in the wake of the 1997 financial crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]