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Β-glucans (BGs) are dietary fibers with human health benefits. Due to their emulsifying, thickening, and water-holding properties, they are frequently utilized in food formulations. Hull-less barley is one of the important sources of BGs. This research was performed to extract BGs from hull-less barley using microwave-assisted pressurized CO2/H2O (MW-PCO2) extraction, a combination that had never been employed before. The MW-PCO2 extraction conditions (temperature, time and water: barley flour ratio) were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) with a Box-Behnken design for the maximum BG yield (%). Temperature of 47.74 °C, time of 19.92 min, and water: barley flour ratio of 10.10:1 (g/g) were found to be the optimum conditions for extraction with a BG yield of 62.43%. Additionally, MW-PCO2 extraction was compared with conventional water extraction (CE) and BG extracts obtained by both methods were characterized. Chemical composition, molecular weight, thermal properties, water solubility, water holding capacity, surface morphology, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrum (FTIR) of the BG extracts were determined. MW-PCO2 extraction gave higher BG yield and purity, molecular weight, and water holding capacity using less solvent in a shorter time. Furthermore, both extracts have similar morphological images, FTIR spectrum, and thermal properties. The results of this work demonstrate the potential of the MW-PCO2 approach for extracting BGs from hull-less barley with improved selectivity and recovery, which can then be added to a variety of food and drug formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Loss of function mutations in Diaphanous related formin 1 (DIAPH1) are associated with seizures, cortical blindness, and microcephaly syndrome (SCBMS) and are recently linked to combined immunodeficiency. However, the extent of defects in T and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) remain unexplored. Herein, we characterized the primary T, natural killer (NK) and helper ILCs of six patients carrying two novel loss of function mutation in DIAPH1 and Jurkat cells after DIAPH1 knockdown. Mutations were identified by whole exome sequencing. T-cell immunophenotyping, proliferation, migration, cytokine signaling, survival, and NK cell cytotoxicity were studied via flow cytometry-based assays, confocal microscopy, and real-time qPCR. CD4+ T cell proteome was analyzed by mass spectrometry. p.R351* and p.R322*variants led to a significant reduction in the DIAPH1 mRNA and protein levels. DIAPH1-deficient T cells showed proliferation, activation, as well as TCR-mediated signaling defects. DIAPH1-deficient PBMCs also displayed impaired transwell migration, defective STAT5 phosphorylation in response to IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15. In vitro generation/expansion of Treg cells from naïve T cells was significantly reduced. shRNA-mediated silencing of DIAPH1 in Jurkat cells reduced DIAPH1 protein level and inhibited T cell proliferation and IL-2/STAT5 axis. Additionally, NK cells from patients had diminished cytotoxic activity, function and IL-2/STAT5 axis. Lastly, DIAPH1-deficient patients’ peripheral blood contained dramatically reduced numbers of all helper ILC subsets. DIAPH1 deficiency results in major functional defects in T, NK cells and helper ILCs underlining the critical role of formin DIAPH1 in the biology of those cell subsets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the effect of portal vein types on the ratio of the right-left lobe liver volumes, as well as the insufficient estimated remnant liver volume (ERLV) during the preoperative assessment of donor candidates for right-lobe liver transplantation. Materials and methods: The preoperative abdominal CT examinations of the donor candidates in a single institution between December 2018 and May 2022 were retrospectively evaluated. Portal vein types are divided into 3; classical anatomy was considered type 1, PV trifuction was considered type 2, and if the first branch arising from the main portal vein is the right posterior branch, it was accepted as type 3. Other configurations were defined as type 4. The total, right-left lobe liver volumes, the ERLV, and the portal vein variations were noted. The chi-square test was performed to assess the correlation between portal vein types, the ratio of the right-left lobe volumes, and the ERLV ratio below 30%. Tamhane's T2 post hoc tests were performed for pairwise comparison to assess the right-left lobe volume ratio among groups. Results: 287 donor candidates (mean age, 35 years ± 8.2; 174 men) were evaluated. The volume ratio of median volume of the right and left lobe was significantly higher in candidates with type 3 portal veins compared to those with type 1 portal veins (2 (1.3–3.5) and 2.1 (1.6–3.2), respectively, p = 0.017). The ERLV ratio below 30% was significantly higher in donor candidates with type 3 portal veins (42.9%) compared to those with type 1 and 2 portal veins (24.6%, 20%)) respectively, p = 0.030). Conclusion: Due to its propensity to result in insufficient ERLV in the donor, the presence of a type 3 portal vein should be evaluated during the preoperative evaluation. Secondary abstract: This study suggests that donor candidates with type 3 portal vein exhibit a notable rise in the frequency of insufficient remnant liver volume during the preoperative assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it is aimed to provide new functions to polymers by producing polymer blends. Two important biopolymers, PLA as the main matrix and PEG polymers were mixed in different ratios to produce shape memory (SM) PLA-PEG blend by solution method. The characteristic -C = O stretching vibration of PLA was observed as a strong signal in the ATR-FTIR spectra of the polymer blends. According to the heat flux versus temperature measurement results of PLA-PEG blends, characteristic peaks of each polymer were observed with increasing temperature. This result indicates that the polymer blends are immiscible. The thermal stability of the PLA-PEG blend was determined by thermogravimetric measurements and it was observed that the mass loss in the blend decreased with increasing PEG ratio. Since PEG and PLA are bicrystalline polymers, crystal structures of both polymers were found in X-ray measurements in the shape memory polymer blends produced. Finally, it was found that the produced PLA-PEG blend showed shape memory property and the blend could return to its original shape in as short as 8 sec. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Feeling understood is an essential perception in close relationships and confers various intrapersonal benefits. However, it is not known if the perception of understanding in friendships is a reliable correlate and predictor of subjective well-being (SWB). Three studies (N = 790) investigated the role of felt understanding (FU) measured as global trait in SWB while taking the latter's well-established predictors at individual (e.g., personality) and relational (e.g., friendship quality) levels into account. Study 1 showed that FU was not redundant with the Big Five dimensions of personality, such that it explained additional variance in SWB. FU also accounted for unique variance in SWB while taking global evaluations of friendships (Study 2) into account. Study 3, a six-week longitudinal study, showed that FU and SWB were related at the cross-sectional level but did not predict each other longitudinally. The findings across the studies suggest that FU is a valuable and significant addition to the list of friendship experiences that are linked to SWB. The importance of assessing FU as a state vs. trait was discussed. Directions for future research that could enhance our understanding of the role of FU in SWB were also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the changes in corneal biomechanical properties and tear film layer analysis after upper eyelid blepharoplasty surgery. Method: Sixty eyes of 30 patients were included in our prospective study. Corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), corneal compensated intraocular pressure (IOPcc) and Goldmann intraocular pressure (IOPg) measurements were taken with the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) device at the preoperative, postoperative 1st and 3rd months. The ocular surface was evaluated with tear breakup time (TBUT) and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores. Lid crease (LC), margin-to-reflex distance 1 (MRD1), and palpebral fissure height (PFH) were evaluated at each visit. Results: In the ORA analysis, in the 1st month CH value was found to be significantly lower than the preoperative value (preoperative 13.39 ± 6.08 mmHg; 1st month 10.74 ± 1.94 mmHg, p = 0.011). In addition, there was a statistically significant decrease in the 3rd month value compared to the preoperative values (10.46 ± 1.69 mmHg, p = 0.021). However CRF decreased postoperatively, no statistical difference was detected (preop 12.59 ± 3.84; 1st month 11.94 ± 3.04; 3rd month 9.78 ± 1.74; p = 0.149). While there was a decrease in IOPcc and IOPg in the postoperative period, no statistical difference was detected (respectively p = 0.96, p = 0.71). In the postoperative 1st month, TBUT increased significantly (p = 0.024). When those with a TBUT value below 10 were considered dry eye, significant decrease was observed in the percentage of dry eye in the first postoperative month (p = 0.027). Although the dry eye percentage decreased in the 3rd month compared to the preoperative percentage, no statistical difference was detected (p = 0.125). There was a significant decrease in the number of those with an OSDI score above 13 in the first month (p = 0.004). Conclusion: In our study, a decrease in ORA values was observed after blepharoplasty, with only CH being statistically significant. Reducing the load on the cornea after surgery may change the corneal biomechanics. These changes should be taken into consideration after eyelid surgery, especially in patients who may require glaucoma follow-ups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and more severe as a result of global warming. It is critical to take precautions before disasters, to gather and analyze information simultaneously while they are happening, and to make accurate assessments after them given that the deaths and injuries brought on by such disasters both leave lasting traumas in the life of society and damage the economy. Internet of Things (IoT) technology, is a young field that can assist intelligent safety-critical systems with data collection, processing in cloud edge data centers, and application of prediction methodologies for discovering key points and unexpected patterns using 5G technology. With the use of a cloud-based prediction algorithm for disaster management in the IoT environment, this study seeks to quickly process the data that is gathered during disasters and to speed up the analysis that will be done both during and after the disasters. An Optimized Ensemble Bagged Tree (OEBT) algorithm with ANOVA-based feature selection is developed for this aim. The experimental results show that accuracy, F1-Score, precision, and recall of the proposed OEBT algorithm utilizing the US Natural Disasters Dataset are 97.9%, 78.3%, 98.7%, and 78.9%, respectively. Comparisons with decision tree, logistic regression, and the traditional ensemble techniques are made. The suggested algorithm outperforms them all in terms of success rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Head computed tomography (CT) is frequently utilized for evaluating trauma-related characteristics, selecting treatment options, and monitoring complications in the early stages. This study assessed the relationship between cranial CT findings and early and late neurological outcomes in pediatric TBI patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). The study included children aged 1 month to 18 years who were admitted to the PICU due to TBI between 2014 and 2020. Sociodemographic data, clinical characteristics, and cranial CT findings were analyzed. Patients were categorized based on their Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score. Of the 129 patients, 83 (64%) were male, and 46 (36%) were female, with a mean age of 6.8 years. Falls (n = 51, 39.5%) and in-vehicle traffic accidents (n = 35, 27.1%) were the most common trauma types observed. Normal brain imaging findings were found in 62.7% of the patients, while 37.3% exhibited intracranial pathology. Hemorrhage was the most frequent CT finding. Severe TBI (n = 26, p = 0.032) and mortality (n = 9, p = 0.017) were more prevalent in traffic accidents. The overall mortality rate in the study population was 10.1%. In children with TBI, cranial CT imaging serves as an essential initial method for patients with neurological manifestations. Particularly, a GCS score of ≤ 8, multiple hemorrhages, diffuse cerebral edema, and intraventricular bleeding are associated with sequelae and mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel carbazole compound, named 1-(9-ethyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-3-phenylurea (Cpu) was synthesized and its binding properties with protease enzymes (pepsin and trypsin) has been examined by steady-state fluorescence measurements, UV/vis absorption, infrared (FT-IR) and circular dicroism (CD) spectroscopies and also computational methods. The fluorescence experimental results indicated that the quenching mechanism of enzyme by Cpu is static process. The thermodynamic parameters (both negative ΔH/ΔS) and molecular docking results suggested that the binding of Cpu to pepsin/trypsin were driven by hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. Based on Förster's theory, the binding distance (r) between pepsin/trypsin and Cpu was calculated to be 3.072/2.784 nm, which implies that non-radiative energy transfer occurs from enzyme to Cpu. Furthermore, absorption, CD, and FT-IR spectral analysis provided an evidence that the presence of Cpu induced notable changes in the secondary structures and microenvironmental of both pepsin and trypsin, supporting its significant influence on these enzymes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A global heritage stone designated by International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) is a natural stone that has been widely used in significant architecture and monuments, recognized as integral aspects of human culture.The aim of this study is to evaluate the characteristics of the Quaternary travertine formations located in Western Türkiye called ‘Denizli Travertine’ as a global heritage stone candidate. The Denizli Travertine have been commonly used as building stones in the ancient cities of the Lycus Valley since the second century BC. The cotton-white Pamukkale Travertine, which was designated as one of The First 100 Geological Heritage by IUGS in 2022, is the recent part of the Denizli Travertine. The travertine-dominated structures have given a privileged feature to the aforementioned ancient cities. In these cities, public buildings such as theatre, agora, bath basilica, monumental fountain, bridges and fortification wall were predominantly built in travertine. Since the thirteenth century, the use of the travertine also continued in the buildings of Seljuk Period, like caravanserais, monumental tombs and castle walls. The travertine consists of carbonate minerals (i.e. mostly calcite, with less amount of aragonite) and is porous. The main texture is significantly wackestone to packstone including peloid, bacterial/crystalline dendrite, and coated grain. Another type is banded travertines, which occurs as a fissure fill or vein, have a completely crystalline texture and has been mostly used for decorative purpose. Contemporarily, the stone is widely used in many areas such as flooring, cladding, stair steps, countertops, table, coffee tables and sculptures and is traded worldwide, and therefore considered to deserve to be designated as a global heritage stone resource. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A dissimilar TWIP/304L joint was produced using oscillation fiber laser welding with welding speeds of 80 mm/s and 120 mm/s, as well as different power levels. Tensile tests, hardness measurements, and SEM/EDS/EBSD analyses were conducted to reveal the characterization of dissimilar TWIP/304L steel joint. Oscillation of the laser beam resulted in layered marks in the fusion zone. These layered marks contain primary austenitic dendrites and inertinitic secondary austenite. Both steels exhibited narrow heat-affected zones. An interlayer of an unmixed zone was formed between the fusion zone and the heat-affected zone of 304L due to differences in their liquidus points. Some intergranular gaps were observed in the heat-affected zone of the TWIP steel. The maximum tensile strength, 561.3 MPa, was achieved at a laser power of 3600 W and a welding speed of 80 mm/s. All specimens failed from the fusion zone of the dissimilar joint due to high hardness difference and underfill induced notch effect. The hardness difference reached 51.4 Hv10 due to the heterogeneous composition of the fusion zone. This variation in the microstructure resulted in both ductile and brittle fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Airborne microplastics have become invisible global threats to all living organisms today. This study was designed for the first time to monitor atmospheric microplastic pollution in the city of Istanbul (Turkiye) through lichens, known as air pollution biomonitors. Epiphytic foliose lichen Xanthoria parietina was sampled from forested areas in 8 different districts on the Asian side of megacity, and searched for clues of microplastics through chemical characterization and microscopic examination. Twelve compounds (aldehyde, alkene, amine, carboxylic acid, ether, hydrocarbon, hydroxide, ketone, methyl, methylene, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide) were identified as microplastic components in urban lichen samples taken from all localities with the FT-IR technique used in polymer identification. The most accumulated compound in lichen samples was amine, which is formed as a result of the chemical degradation of plastics. Building blocks of microplastic particles (MPs) such as aldehydes, carboxylic acid and methylene, as well as air pollutants such as SO2 and NO2 were also detected. Analysis data were supported by microscopic observations made by applying fluorescent staining method to lichen thalli and MPs were also detected visually. The highest number of MPs seen in the lichen thalli was detected in samples taken from touristic areas in Üsküdar district. Based on the results, in addition to human impact, intense atmospheric microplastic compounds identified by lichen monitoring on the Asian side of Istanbul suggest that these pollutants may have been transported from local plastic waste or industrial areas. This study shows that biomonitoring studies of airborne organic pollutants such as microplastics can be done through lichens.Article Highlights: The rapid development of industry with unsustainable technological innovations has highlighted microplastics among airborne pollutants that cause serious damage to the health of all living organisms. Lichen biomonitoring, a topical method for determining air quality, was applied for the first time in Istanbul metropolitan area with spectral (FT-IR) and visual (Fluorescence microscopy) analysis. 8 chemical compounds were found to accumulate in samples from all areas except the reference lichen. Microplastic particles were observed as bright yellow with the fluorescent staining technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To present MRI distribution of active osteitis in a single tertiary referral center cohort of patients with chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO). Methods: Two musculoskeletal radiologists retrospectively reviewed MRI examinations of all patients with a final clinical diagnosis of CNO over 15 years. Sites of active osteitis at any time during the course of disease were divided into seven groups: (A) mandible, sternum, clavicles, or scapulas; (B) upper extremities; (C) subchondral sacrum and ilium immediately subjacent to sacroiliac joints (active osteitis denoting "active sacroiliitis" here); (D) pelvis and proximal 1/3 of femurs (excluding group C); (E) bones surrounding knees including distal 2/3 of femurs and 1/2 of proximal tibias and fibulas; (F) distal legs (including distal 1/2 of tibias and fibulas), ankles, or feet; (G) spine (excluding group C). Temporal changes of lesions in response to treatment (or other treatment-related changes such as pamidronate lines) were not within the scope of the study. Results: Among 97 CNO patients (53 males [55%], 44 females; age at onset, mean ± SD, 8.5 ± 3.2 years; age at diagnosis, 10.3 ± 3.3 years), whole-body (WB) MRI was performed in 92%, mostly following an initial targeted MRI (94%). A total of 557 (346 targeted and 211 WB) MRIs were analyzed. Biopsy was obtained in 39 patients (40%), all consistent with CNO or featuring supporting findings. The most common locations for active osteitis were groups D (78%; 95% CI 69‒85%) and C (72%; 95% CI 62‒80%). Conclusion: Pelvis and hips were preferentially involved in this cohort of CNO patients along with a marked presence of active sacroiliitis. Clinical relevance statement: When suggestive findings of CNO are identified elsewhere in the body, the next targeted site of MRI should be the pelvis (entirely including sacroiliac joints) and hips, if whole-body MRI is not available or feasible. Key Points: • Heavy reliance on MRI for diagnosis of CNO underscores the importance of suggestive distribution patterns. • Pelvis and hips are the most common (78%) sites of CNO involvement along with active sacroiliitis (72%). • Pelvis including sacroiliac joints and hips should be targeted on MRI when CNO is suspected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effect of adrenal mass functionality and different hormone subtypes synthesized by the adrenal masses on laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) outcomes. Materials and methods: The study included 298 patients, 154 of whom were diagnosed with nonfunctional masses. In the functional group, 33, 62, and 59 patients had Conn syndrome, Cushing's syndrome, and pheochromocytoma, respectively. The variables were analyzed between the functional and nonfunctional groups and then compared among functional masses through subgroup analysis. Results: The incidence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity, blood loss, and length of hospital stay (LOH) were significantly higher in the functional group than in the nonfunctional group. In the subgroup analysis, patients with pheochromocytoma had significantly lower body mass index but significantly higher mass size, blood loss, and LOH than the other two groups. A positive correlation was found between mass size and blood loss in patients with pheochromocytoma (p ≤ 0.001, r = 0.761). However, no significant difference in complications was found among the groups. Conclusions: In this study, patients with functional adrenal masses had higher comorbidity rates and American Society of Anesthesiologists scores. Moreover, blood loss and LOH were longer on patients with functional adrenal masses who underwent LA. Mass size, blood loss, and LOH in patients with pheochromocytoma were significantly longer than those in patients with other functional adrenal masses. Thus, mass functionality did not increase the complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research on how problem-difficulty affects solution-types of insight-problems has yielded contradictory findings. Thus, we aimed to examine the impact of problem-difficulty on solution-types in both inter- and intra-problem-difficulty contexts. For this, we employed the original 8-coin, and 9-dot problems and four hinted-versions of those that were manipulated by using hints-to-remove-sources-of-difficulty to alter their difficulty level. Those manipulations were executed based on the assumptions of constraint-relaxation and chunk-decomposition as posited by representational change theory. The study involved a total of 165 participants who were tested in five groups (33 per se), with each group receiving an original or hinted problem. Following their correct solutions, problem-solvers classified their solution-types (insight or non-insight solutions) by whether they had an Aha!-experience during the solution. Across all groups, 56.1% of correctly solved insight problems were solved with Aha!-experience, based on participants' self-reports, implying that correct solutions should not be equated with insight. Subsequently, the solution-type rates were compared for both original problems (inter-problem-difficulty) and hinted versions of those at each difficulty level (intra-problem-difficulty). Inter-problem-difficulty comparisons demonstrated that the easier 8-coin problem was more likely to be solved with insight than the harder 9-dot problem. In contrast, intra-problem-difficulty comparisons revealed that harder problems were more likely to be solved with insight. These findings suggest that problem-difficulty should be considered in future studies of insight. Finally, separate analyses on the predictive values of the cognitive-affective-dimensions on solution-types revealed that, after adjusting for problem-difficulty, problem-solvers with higher suddenness scores in both problems exhibited a significantly higher probability of generating insight solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is a potentially serious and life-threatening complication of SLE. The presentation and severity of neuropsychiatric involvement in SLE may show considerable variability. The disease can affect the neural tissue directly or may be associated with vascular involvement, mainly associated with anti-phospholipid (aPL) antibodies. A direct causal link with SLE may sometimes be challenging since there are many confounding factors and the symptoms may be non-specific. Despite its remarkable sensitivity in detecting hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke, transverse myelitis and ischemic infarction, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lacks the spatial resolution required to identify microvascular involvement. When standard MRI fails to detect a suspicious lesion, it is advisable to use advanced imaging modalities such as positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or quantitative MRI, if available. Even with these advanced modalities, the specificity of neuroimaging in NPSLE remains inadequate (60–82% for MRI). Neuropsychiatric syndromes, such as cerebrovascular events, seizures and cognitive impairments appear to be associated with serum aPL antibodies. Some studies have shown that anti-ribosomal P antibodies have a low sensitivity for NPSLE and a limited contribution to the differentiation of different clinical entities. Treatment has two main goals: symptomatic relief and treatment of the disease itself. Commonly used immunosuppressants for NPSLE include cyclophosphamide (CYC), azathioprine (AZA), and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). According to EULAR's current recommendation, strong immunosuppressants such as CYC and rituximab (RTX) should be preferred. Biologics have also been used in NPSLE. Fingolimod, eculizumab, and JAK inhibitors are potential drugs in the pipeline. Developing targeted therapies will be possible by a better understanding of the pathological mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was carried out to determine the psychosocial outcomes of advanced hybrid closed-loop (AHCL) systems in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Single-center and cohort study with a duration 6 months consisted of 60 children and adolescents with T1D. Standard clinical procedures, including both glycemic indicators, e.g., sensor-measured time within the 70–180 mg/dL range and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, and psychosocial metrics were used for data collection. The psychosocial metrics included the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) 3.0 Diabetes Module for both children (8–12 years) and parents; the Quality of Life for Youth scale for adolescents (13–18 years); the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ); the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey for Children (HFS-C); the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (R-CADS); and AHCLS-specific DTSEQ satisfaction and expectation survey. These metrics were evaluated at the baseline and after 6 months of AHCL use. Of the 60 children and adolescents with T1D for whom the AHCL system was utilized, 41 of them, 23 female and 18 male, completed the surveys. The mean age of the 41 children and adolescents was 12.5 ± 3.2 (min. 6.7, max. 18) years. The time spent within the target glycemic range, i.e., time-in-range (TIR), improved from 76.9 ± 9% at the baseline to 80.4 ± 5% after 6 months of AHCL system use (p = 0.03). Additionally, HbA1c levels reduced from 7.1% ± 0.7% at the baseline to 6.8% ± 0.8% after 6 months of AHCL system use (p = 0.03). The most notable decline in HbA1c was observed in participants with higher baseline HbA1c levels. All patients' HFS-C and AHCL system-specific DTSEQ satisfaction and expectation survey scores were within the normal range at the baseline and remained unchanged during the follow-up period. No significant difference was found in the R-CADS scores of children and adolescents between baseline and after 6 months of AHCL system use. However, there was a significant decrease in the R-CADS scores of the parents. Patients' PedsQL scores were high both at the baseline and after 6 months. The SDQ scores were high at baseline, and there was no significant improvement at the end of 6 months. Conclusion: This is the first study to investigate in detail the psychosocial outcomes of AHCL system use in T1D patients and their parents. Although state-of-the-art technologies such as AHCL provide patients with more flexibility in their daily lives and information about glucose fluctuations, the AHCL resulted in a TIR above the recommended target range without a change in QOL, HFS-C, SDQ, and R-CADS scores. The scores obtained from the R-CADS conducted by the parents of the children indicated that the use of pumps caused a psychological improvement in the long term, with a significant decrease in the R-CADS scores of the children and adolescents with T1D. What is Known: • Previous studies focused on clinical outcomes of AHCL systems in pediatric T1D patients, showing glycemic control improvements. • Limited attention given to psychosocial outcomes of AHCL systems in children and adolescents with T1D. • Crucial psychosocial factors like quality of life, emotional well-being, and fear of hypoglycemia underexplored in AHCL system context. What is New: • First study to comprehensively examine psychosocial outcomes of AHCL systems in pediatric T1D patients. • Study's robust methodology sets new standard for diabetes technology research and its impact on qualiy of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the lifting wavelet transform (LWT) has been used in image and signal processing applications to overcome many of the shortcomings of the classical discrete wavelet transform (DWT). The LWT is a simplified and most efficient version of the classical discrete wavelet transform. To address the issue of energy inefficiency in the direct current-biased optical OFDM (DCO-OFDM) waveform, the literature proposes the use of the non-direct current-biased optical OFDM (NDC-O-OFDM) waveform, which does not require the addition of DC bias. Firstly, this paper proposes improving the performance of the NDC-O-OFDM waveform by combining it with the LWT using the lazy wavelet (LLWT). However, the literature proposes the use of the generalized LED index modulation OFDM (GLIM-OFDM) waveform as a solution to the spectrum inefficiency problem of the NDC-O-OFDM waveform. As a second contribution, this paper presents the combination of the GLIM-OFDM waveform with the LLWT transform to enhance the performance of the GLIM-OFDM waveform. Numerical simulations were performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed LLWT-NDC-O-OFDM and LLWT-GLIM-OFDM waveforms in terms of bit error rate (BER) in 2 × 2 and 4 × 4 optical MIMO channel environments. The results show that the proposed waveforms provide a gain of approximately 6.5 dB over both the NDC-O-OFDM and GLIM-OFDM waveforms, and a gain of 13.5 dB over the DCO-OFDM waveform, while maintaining the same BER requirement of 1E-4 and modulation order of BPSK in both 2 × 2 and 4 × 4 optical MIMO channel scenarios. Thus, despite some increase in computational complexity due to LWT implementation, a spectrum and energy efficient high performance optical OFDM waveform is achieved with the proposed LLWT transform in this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the cultural adaptation, validity, and reliability of the Turkish version of the Juvenile Arthritis Quality of Life Questionnaire (JAQQ) in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Methods: A total of 100 JIA patients (64% female), aged 9 to 18 years, participated in the study conducted at a tertiary care university hospital. The JAQQ was culturally adapted through a rigorous translation process and administered alongside established measures, including the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ), Juvenile Arthritis Biopsychosocial Questionnaire (JABQ), and Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). Validity and reliability were evaluated using Spearman's correlation coefficients, Cronbach's alpha, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of the mean (SEM), and minimal detectable change (MDC). Results: The Turkish version of JAQQ exhibited high convergent validity, correlating significantly with CHAQ, JABQ, and CDI. No floor or ceiling effects were observed in the total JAQQ score, indicating a balanced assessment. Internal consistency was excellent (Cronbach's α = 0.948), and test–retest reliability was satisfactory (ICC = 0.913). SEM and MDC95 values were 0.357 and 0.99, respectively. Conclusions: The Turkish adaptation of JAQQ emerges as a valid and reliable instrument for comprehensively assessing the health-related quality of life in children and adolescents diagnosed with JIA. The questionnaire's robust psychometric properties, coupled with distinctive features like individualized assessment, highlight its potential as a valuable tool for both clinical assessment and scientific research in the field of pediatric rheumatology. Key Points • The Juvenile Arthritis Quality of Life Questionnaire (JAQQ) is an important scale that evaluates the quality of life of children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). • JAQQ is known and used in the field of pediatric rheumatology in Turkey, but its Turkish adaptation has not been made before. • Our study includes 100 JIA patients aged between 9 and 18 years and shows that the Turkish version of JAQQ is valid and reliable in measuring the quality of life of these children. • This research contributes to the accurate assessment of the quality of life in Turkish children diagnosed with JIA, providing valuable insights for both clinical and scientific studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As stated in the 2016 Paris Agreement, concerns about global climate change and carbon emissions have increased, and organizations, in particular, have embarked on an annual measurement process to estimate their contribution to global climate change. Carbon footprint, one of the measurement methods, is a widely applied tool to assess the environmental impact of organizations. This study presents a real case study of a denim-washing company's activities based on ISO standard calculation methods of greenhouse gas emissions. Accordingly, the annual carbon footprint of the denim-washing company was 2482.09 tCO2e for the year 2021 in total for the overall carbon footprint. Direct emission was calculated at 1575.75 tCO2e, indirect energy–related emission at 798.09 tCO2e, and indirect non-energy–related emission at 108.25 tCO2e. The highest CO2 emissions are related to heating from greenhouse gas direct emission sources, followed by purchased electricity consumption, and the lowest CO2 emissions are related to fire–CO2 tube storage. In conclusion, this study is particular in that it analyzes not only the specific processes of a denim-washing company but also the overall organizational carbon footprint calculation, assesses the importance of indirect non-energy in the total carbon footprint, and evaluates the calculation findings with sector-specific mitigation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to use a deep-learning model based on CNN architecture to detect the second mesiobuccal (MB2) canals, which are seen as a variation in maxillary molars root canals. In the current study, 922 axial sections from 153 patients' cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were used. The segmentation method was employed to identify the MB2 canals in maxillary molars that had not previously had endodontic treatment. Labeled images were divided into training (80%), validation (10%) and testing (10%) groups. The artificial intelligence (AI) model was trained using the You Only Look Once v5 (YOLOv5x) architecture with 500 epochs and a learning rate of 0.01. Confusion matrix and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were used in the statistical evaluation of the results. The sensitivity of the MB2 canal segmentation model was 0.92, the precision was 0.83, and the F1 score value was 0.87. The area under the curve (AUC) in the ROC graph of the model was 0.84. The mAP value at 0.5 inter-over union (IoU) was found as 0.88. The deep-learning algorithm used showed a high success in the detection of the MB2 canal. The success of the endodontic treatment can be increased and clinicians' time can be preserved using the newly created artificial intelligence-based models to identify variations in root canal anatomy before the treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We aimed to understand the utilization of the mode of delivery and related risk factors. Further aimed to apply the Robson classification system to evaluate the data quality and analyze the CS rates in subgroups. Methods: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study by reviewing the medical records of all women who delivered at the State Hospital in 2019. A proforma was developed for extracting data from patient records. All women with six obstetric parameters were categorized into Robson groups to determine the absolute and relative contributions of each group to the overall CS rate. Results: Of 797 deliveries, 401 (50.2%) were CSs. Being older, being Turkish Cypriot, having preterm births, previous CS, multiple fetuses, and having breech or transverse fetal presentations were related to having higher risks of CS. The most common medical indication for CSs (52.3%) was a history of previous CSs. Robson Group 5 contributed the most (50.7%) to the overall CS rate, with the highest absolute contribution of 21.8%. Group 10 and Group 8 were the second and third highest contributors to the overall CS rate, with relative contributions of 25.3% and 9.0%, respectively. Conclusions: Findings revealed the substandard quality of obstetric data and a noticeably high overall CS rate. The top priority should be given to improving the quality of medical records. It underscored the necessity of implementing the Robson classification system as a standard clinical practice to enhance data quality, which helps to effectively evaluate and monitor the CS rates in obstetric populations. Significance: Caesarean section rates are increasing worldwide, and the Robson Classification System is recommended by the WHO to evaluate and monitor the CS rates. This study is the first to use Robson classifications and revealed high CS rates in specific subgroups of the obstetric population. The inadequate, substandard data quality highlighted the areas that urgently needed improvement in clinical practices at the largest state hospital. The study lays the foundation for further nationwide studies and demonstrates the importance of the Robson classification system. Specific recommendations were provided to the hospital management for improving the quality of the obstetric data and monitoring CS rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Male breast cancer, comprising approximately 1% of all breast cancer cases, often leads to the exclusion of male patients as a criterion in clinical trials. While the efficacy of Cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK 4/6) inhibitors has been established in metastatic hormone receptor-positive (HR +) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2 −) breast cancer in women, limited data exist on their effectiveness in male patients. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of palbociclib or ribociclib in male patients with breast cancer. Methods: This study is a multicenter, retrospective study. We included male patients with HR + and HER2-metastatic breast cancer who received palbociclib or ribociclib as first-line treatment. Our primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), overall response rates (ORR), and drug-related adverse effects. Results: A total of 46 male patients from 27 institutions were enrolled. The median age at initiation of CDK 4/6 inhibitors was 63.64 ± 13.69 years, with a median follow-up of 21.33 (95% CI 14.92–27.74) months. The ORR were 84% for palbociclib and 76.2% for ribociclib. The mPFS for the entire cohort was 28.06 months (95% CI 18.70–37.42). No significant difference in PFS was observed between palbociclib and ribociclib (mPFS: 24.46 months (95% CI 11.51–37.42) vs 28.33 months (95% CI 14.77–41.88), respectively, p = 0.211). No new adverse events were reported. Discussion: This study demonstrates that palbociclib and ribociclib are effective and safe options for first-line treatment in male patients with HR + /HER2 − metastatic breast cancer. However, further prospective studies are warranted to establish their efficacy in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a single point incremental forming method was applied using both a roller-ball tool and a standard forming tool with oil application. Aluminium AA1050 sheet with 0.8-mm thickness was used as the experiment material. The experiments were applied according to Taguchi L18 experimental design. Surface roughness measurements and thickness distributions were evaluated in terms of tool type, amount of the stepdown and the wall angles. ANOVA and regression analysis were also performed to show the influence of the process parameters on the surface roughness measurements. According to results, roller-ball tool with a wall angle of 40° and stepdown amount of 0.25-mm yielded the lowest surface roughness as 1.389-µm for Ra and 7.433-µm for Rz. Compared to the standard forming tool, the roller-ball tool performed better both surface roughness and thickness distribution results. However, the most effective parameter was found to be the wall angles in relation to the surface roughness. FEM analysis was made for thickness distributions with the same process conditions for each tool type. The actual measurements for thickness distribution were similar to the results obtained from FEM analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by dysregulation of glucose metabolism, with characteristic long-term complications accompanied by changes in bone quality. The purpose of this study is to compare the results with a control group by performing radiomorphometric analyses on panoramic radiographs obtained 5 years apart to examine changes in the mandibular bone cortex and microstructures of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Methods: Two panoramic radiographs that were taken 5 years (mean 5.26 ± 0.134) apart from 52 patients with T2DM (n:26) and a control group (n:26) were used. A total of 104 images were evaluated. Analyses were done from the condyle (FD1), angulus (FD2), distal second premolar apex (FD3), and anterior to the mental foramen (FD4) for fractal dimension (FD) in the mandible. Symphysis index (SI), anterior index (AI), molar index (MI), posterior index (PI), and panoramic mandibular index (PMI) measurements were taken for cortical analysis. Three-way ANOVA, three-way robust ANOVA, two-way ANOVA, and two-way robust ANOVA tests were used for statistical analysis (p < 0.05). Results: After a 5-year period, there was a significant decrease in all FD measures of the mandible in both T2DM and control groups (p < 0.05). This resulted in a statistical difference in the main effect of time. After a 5-year period, no significant difference in mandibular cortical measures was identified between the T2DM and control groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: According to panoramic radiography, the mandibular trabecular structure deteriorated after 5 years, whereas cortical values remained the same. It concluded that T2DM had no effect on these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the responses of type 1 and type 2 macular neovascularizations (MNV) caused by neovascular type age-related macular degeneration (n-AMD) to intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatments using quantitative parameters determined by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Additionally, it was also intended to assess the connections between these quantitative parameters and changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and the number of intravitreal anti-VEGF injections required within a year. Materials and methods: In our retrospective and observational study, the data of 90 eyes of 90 patients diagnosed with n-AMD and treated with intravitreal anti-VEGF with the "Pro re nata" method were evaluated. Subtypes of existing MNVs were distinguished with previously taken optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images. In spectral domain OCT examinations, central macular thickness (CMT) and central macular volume (CMV) values were recorded at baseline and 12th month. The number of intravitreal anti-VEGF injections during the 12 month follow-up period was also recorded for each patient. Obtained data were compared between MNV types. Results: Of the n-AMD cases examined in the study, 56.66% had type 1 MNV and 43.34% had type 2 MNV. The mean baseline BCVA logMAR values in eyes with type 2 MNV (1.15 ± 0.43) were higher than those observed in eyes with type 1 MNV (0.76 ± 0.42) (p = 0.001). Similarly, mean baseline CMT and CMV values in eyes with type 2 MNV were higher than those observed in eyes with type 1 MNV (respectively 424.89 ± 49.46 μm vs. 341.39 ± 37.06 μm; 9.17 ± 0.89 μm3 vs. 8.49 ± 0.53 μm3; p < 0.05). After 12 months of treatment, logMAR values of BCVA (0.86 ± 0.42) in subjects with type 2 MNV were higher than those in subjects with type 1 MNV (0.57 ± 0.37) (p = 0.001). Mean CMT and CMV values at 12th month in subjects with type 2 MNV (379.11 ± 46.36 μm and 8.66 ± 0.79 μm3, respectively) were observed to be higher than those with type 1 MNV (296.95 ± 33.96 μm and 8.01 ± 0.52 mm3, respectively) (p < 0.05). In type 2 MNVs, positive correlations were observed between both baseline and 12th month BCVA logMAR values and baseline CMV (p < 0.05). Similarly, in type 2 MNVs, a positive correlation was observed between 12th month BCVA logMAR values and 12th month CMV (p < 0.05). The total number of intravitreal anti-VEGF injections at 12 months was similar in both groups (p = 0.851). Conclusion: In this study, in which we performed a subtype analysis of MNV cases, we observed that the visual function was worse at the beginning and the end of the 12th month, and the CMT and CMV values were higher in the type 2 MNV group compared to the type 1 MNV cases. In addition, we found significant correlations between BCVA logMAR values and CMV values in type 2 MNV cases. In the follow-up of these cases, CMT, which is a more widely used quantitative method, and CMV, which is a newer OCT measurement parameter, may be more useful in patient follow-up and evaluation of treatment efficacy, especially for type 2 MNV cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate anterior and posterior segment parameters in the eyes of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and examine the effect of disease and disease subtypes on these parameters. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 54 eyes of 27 SSc patients and 54 eyes of 27 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. In addition to a complete ophthalmologic examination, all patients were examined using a Scheimpflug camera, specular microscopy, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Results: The mean age of the patients was 52.5 ± 11.4 years and 19 patients were female. Anterior chamber volume, central corneal thickness, and central macular thickness (CMT) were significantly lower in the eyes of SSc patients compared to healthy controls (p = 0.01, p = 0.03, and p = 0.006, respectively). When evaluated according to SSc subtype, CMT was lower in diffuse SSc patients (p = 0.001), while mean retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and inferior quadrant RNFL values were lower in limited SSc (p = 0.003 and p = 0.005, respectively). Conclusion: In the eyes of patients with SSc, some ocular parameters may show decreases compared to healthy individuals, presumably secondary to disease-related vasculopathy and fibrosis. CMT and RNFL parameters may be affected differently according to disease subtype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a severe complication of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA). We aimed to compare the characteristics of SJIA patients who developed MAS in the disease course to those who never experienced MAS. Methods: Patients with SJIA were included. The features of the patients at the time of SJIA diagnosis were compared. Multivariate logistic regression and ROC analyses were used while evaluating factors associated with MAS. Results: Overall, 126 SJIA patients (M/F:1.17) were included. Eighty-six (68.2%) never had MAS. At the time of SJIA diagnosis, age was younger; the duration of fever was longer; rash, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly were more frequent and arthralgia/arthritis was less common among patients who had MAS in the follow-up than those who never had MAS. Also, white blood cell, neutrophil, and platelet counts and fibrinogen were lower, while transaminases, lactate dehydrogenase, triglyceride (TG), and ferritin levels were higher among patients with MAS than those without MAS. The multivariate regression analysis disclosed age at symptom onset, duration of fever, platelet count, TG and ferritin levels as independent MAS predictors. For ferritin level/platelet count (F/P) ratio at the time of SJIA diagnosis, a threshold of ≥1.1 performed best to predict a MAS-prone disease course with a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 82.6%. Conclusion: The F/P ratio at the time of SJIA diagnosis may be a promising biomarker to predict MAS-prone disease course in SJIA. Determining MAS-prone patients at the time of SJIA diagnosis could assist physicians while tailoring SJIA treatment individually. Key points • Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) patients with macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) differ from SJIA patients who never have MAS, at the time of SJIA diagnosis. • It could be possible to predict a MAS-prone disease course at the time of SJIA diagnosis. • The ferritin/platelet ratio is a promising biomarker for predicting MAS-prone SJIA disease course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstrat: —Sphagnum russowii and Leptodontium flexifolium found as new to Turkey following a recent bryofloristic foray in Artvin region (Caucasus), from the East Black Sea region of Turkey and Leptodontium is the first record of the genus from Turkey. Descriptions, illustrations, a distribution map, ecological characteristics, and comparisons with morphologically similar taxa were presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visible light communication (VLC), which is seen as an alternative and complementary technology to radio frequency (RF) communication systems, has emerged as a promising new generation system. Because of its potential to combat inter-symbol interference (ISI), orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been validated as the best candidate for high-speed optical wireless communications (OWC). Asymmetrically clipped optical OFDM (ACO-OFDM), DC-biased optical OFDM (DCO-OFDM), and Flip-OFDM, which are made suitable for intensity modulation/direct detection (IM/DD) systems, are unipolar OFDM schemes widely accepted for OWC in the literature. In this study, it is proposed to combine the lifting wavelet transform (LLWT), which uses the lazy wavelet, with these three optical OFDM waveforms to increase the performance of the ACO-OFDM, DCO-OFDM, and Flip-OFDM systems proposed for OWC systems. In the environment where M-level color shift keying (M-CSK) and M-level quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) modulations are used, proposed waveforms are tested with computer simulations for bit error rate (BER) and peak average power ratio (PAPR) performance measures. From the obtained simulation results, it is observed that the proposed transform technique performs an approximately 6 dB SNR improvement on the waveforms investigated in this study in both modulation methods for the 1E-4 BER value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A quiz is presented related to 10 year old patient with an unusual cause of diarrhea in a child with nephrotic syndrome.

Polylactide acid (PLA) is a biocompatible sustainable material with notable characteristics due to its good mechanical properties and low environmental impact. The present study investigated the effects of PLA-based green membranes on gas separation and identified the best factor condition for the membrane. Prepared membranes were tested to determine oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) gas permeability properties. Oxygen gas permeability of the PLA/PEG/HA membrane obtained by drying for two days was increased from 100 kPa to 400 kPa; the permeability value of this membrane increased by 15%. On the other hand, the oxygen permeability value of the membrane prepared by dry for three days under the same pressure conditions and ambient temperature increased by 5%. This result indicates that the permeabilities of prepared membranes for O2 gas increase with increasing feed pressures. On the other hand, it was observed that the CO2 permeability decreased by 38.83% with the increase in pressure and drying time due to the plasticizing and swelling effect of carbon dioxide on the membrane. A factorial design was also constructed from experimental data and applied to determine the interactions of experimental parameters. All of the parameter interactions were of statistical significance for permeability. It is further argued that molecular weight has a significant positive effect on permeability, while dry time and pressure have just a slight negative effect. This study could contribute to further studies by reducing the number of tests necessary to understand the characteristics and gas separation performance of green materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aim: Our primary objective is to report the results of the ultrasound (US)-guided revision technique of transhepatic shunt in patients in whom intrahepatic portosystemic shunt was created by the percutaneous or conventional route. Our secondary objective is to investigate whether there is an association between the indication for a portosystemic shunt and the need for post-shunt revision. Methods: Data from 117 consecutive patients who had a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placed percutaneously or conventionally were extracted from hospital electronic medical records and examined those who underwent revision within 11 years and those who did not. US-guided transhepatic shunt revision technique was evaluated in terms of technical success, complications, and patency. In addition, the relationship between etiology and the need for revision was also examined using the chi-square test in three groups. Results: Forty six point two percent of patients who underwent transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt required one or more revisions within 11 years. While patency of the shunt could be established via the transjugular route in 83.3% of revision patients, it was necessary to use the transhepatic route in 16.7%. The technical success rate for the US-guided transhepatic shunt revision method was 100%, and the pressure gradient between the portal and hepatic venous systems decreased below 10 mmHg in all patients at the end of the procedure. Conclusion: US-guided transhepatic shunt revision is a safe and effective method where transjugular revision cannot be performed. In addition, the revision rate is significantly higher in patients who have undergone transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt due to Budd-Chiari syndrome compared with other groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Parenteral nutrition may lead to inevitable complications. Aims: To determine the indications, metabolic and mechanical complications of parenteral nutrition in children. Methods: One hundred fifty-eight children (91 males; 57.8%) who received 179 episodes of individualized parenteral nutrition for ≥ 5 days within 2 years were analyzed. Indications and duration of parenteral nutrition, effect on growth, and metabolic and central venous catheter-related non-infectious complications were evaluated. Results: Parenteral nutrition was administered in 179 different episodes (109 males; 60.9%), and the median age during these episodes was 64.0 (14.0–129.0) months. The most common indications were hematological malignancies, gastrointestinal surgery, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Most of the electrolyte imbalances occurred in the first 3 days. Hypophosphatemia (44.7%), hypomagnesemia (43.0%), hypokalemia (43.0%), hyponatremia (40.8%), and hypertriglyceridemia (38.2%) were the most common metabolic complications. Liver transaminases elevated in 32/145 (22.1%) episodes and bilirubin in 30/149 (21.0%). Ursodeoxycholic acid treatment was added to 25 patients with hypertransaminasemia and/or hyperbilirubinemia. Transaminase levels improved in 16 (64%) and bilirubin levels in 15 (60%) patients receiving ursodeoxycholic acid. Catheter thrombosis was seen in 4.5% of the episodes. The targeted energy could be given more efficiently via central catheters rather than peripheral venous accesses. Patients' bodyweights increased in 39.1% of the episodes. Conclusions: Close monitoring of electrolyte levels, especially in the first 3 days, is crucial to prevent complications of parenteral nutrition. When individualized PN preparations are used for metabolically unstable patients, it can be easier to maintain the blood glucose, lipids, and electrolyte levels within the normal range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Vasovasostomy is used to correct vas deferens (VD) transections encountered during surgery or to reverse sterilization vasectomies. Achieving vasal patency is the primary goal and the success is assessed on various factors including VD patency, flow rates, and pregnancy rates. While preserving vas motility is not a major concern in surgical practice, it is worth noting that VD has peristaltic activity which plays crucial role during ejaculation. Any disruption in its motility could potentially lead to negative outcomes in the future. We conducted an experimental study to assess vas motility changes following vasovasostomy. Methods: The study was approved by Gazi University, Animals Ethic Committee. Twenty-four rats were allocated to four groups. Left-sided VD was harvested in control group (Gr1). The rest of the animals were subjected to transection of VD. Gr2 and 3 underwent microscopic and macroscopic anastomosis, respectively, while Gr4 underwent vasal approximation. After 12 weeks, all left-sided VD were resected, electrical field stimulation (EFS) and exogenous drugs were applied to induce contractions. Statistical analyses were performed and p value < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Results: The first and second phases of EFS-induced contractile responses(CR) increased for Gr3 and decreased for Gr4 at submaximal and maximal frequencies. An increase only at maximal frequency for second phase EFS-induced CR was encountered for Gr2. α-β-methylene-ATP-induced CR decreased for Gr3 and 4. Noradrenaline-induced CR increased for Gr2, and 3 and decreased for Gr4. Conclusion: The results suggest that vasovasostomy performed using a surgical technique that minimizes disruption or damage to VD may have a favorable impact on motility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, pure zinc oxide (ZnO) and boron carbide (B4C) doped ZnO nanocomposite particles were fabricated by using the sol–gel method. The effect of B4C addition on ZnO nanoparticles on their structural, morphological, and dielectrical properties was investigated. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by using FE-SEM, XRD, EDX, and FT-IR analyses. The dielectrical behavior of nanoparticles was found by an impedance device. Pure ZnO and B4C-doped ZnO composite particles consist of nano-sized structures. In XRD analyses, no peaks belonging to secondary phases were detected and it was observed that pure and B4C-doped ZnO nanoparticles were successfully formed. It was determined that as the B4C doping increased, the intensities of the characteristic peaks of ZnO decreased, while the intensities of the characteristic peaks of B4C increased. ZnO are in an almost spherical-like form and are agglomerated. In the doped samples, ZnO nanoparticles are found locally agglomerated on the B4C nanoplates. It was observed that the B4C additive was effective on the dielectrical properties and improved the dielectrical properties. As the temperature increased, the AC and DC conductivities of all produced nanoparticles increased. Based on the results obtained in the study, it was thought that a competitor material to pure ZnO nanoparticles was synthesized in semiconductor devices and electronic devices and offers great potential for electronic device applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study's objective was to investigate the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in children with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) and to report our clinical experience. Methods: Acute COVID-19 and MIS-C-diagnosed patients observed in two pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) between 2019 and 2021 were examined for AKI and retrospectively compared to children with AKI. Results: The study comprised 163 children, of whom 98 (60.1%) were diagnosed with acute COVID-19 and 65 (39.9%) with MIS-C. AKI was observed in 40 (40.8%) of the acute COVID-19 patients and 18 (27.7%) of the MIS-C patients. Low calcium level and hypotension were linked with AKI at initial presentation (OR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.369–0.560, p = 0.006 and OR: 3.64, 95% CI: 1.885–7.152, p = 0.001, respectively). A history of nephrotoxic medication usage played an essential role in the development of AKI in patients who acquired AKI after hospitalization (p = 0.001, odds ratio: 9.32, confidence interval: 3.106–27.973). In clinical practice, individuals with respiratory distress and cough had a high chance of having AKI (OR: 4.47, 95% confidence interval: 2.25–8,892 and OR: 3.48, 95% confidence interval: 1.76–6.88). AKI patients had a greater demand for respiratory assistance and a longer period of stay in the PICU. Conclusions: AKI in the COVID-19 and MIS-C patient groups is related with increased mortality and extended hospitalization, according to the findings. These statistics imply that identifying and preventing risk factors is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asperglaucide (ASP) is an aurantiamide, an effective constituent of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), a safe to eat greenery. Effects of ASP on endothelial function, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression, vascular fluidity, renal and vascular reactive oxygen, and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) production was examined in the two-kidney one-clip (2 K-1C) rat model of renovascular arterial hypertension. ASP toxicity, dose dependent eNOS gene expression and protein levels were also analyzed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The 2 K-1C model of hypertension was created via surgery and mean blood pressure (MBP) was measured by tail-cuff method during four weeks of ASP treatment. Erythrocyte deformability was monitored by rotational ektacytometry, while vascular constrictor and dilator responses were determined in organ baths. eNOS gene expression and protein levels were assessed in thoracic aorta and HUVEC. MBP was significantly decreased in hypertensive rats treated with ASP. Endothelium dependent vascular dilator and constrictor responses were also considerably improved following ASP treatment. There was a notable increase in red blood cell deformability in hypertensive rats treated with ASP as compared to hypertensive rats alone. A significant increase was observed in eNOS gene expression and protein levels in both normotensive and hypertensive rats treated with ASP. Treatment of HUVEC with 3 µM ASP notably increased eNOS mRNA and protein levels. In conclusion, ASP lowered blood pressure, improved endothelium-mediated relaxation, decreased renovascular ROS/RNS production in hypertensive rats. ASP also increased eNOS protein expression in aorta and HUVEC at nontoxic doses. ASP may have future potential as an anti-hypertensive agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple and stability indicating reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous analysis of ruscogenin, neoruscogenin, trimebutine, and parabens including methylparaben and propylparaben has been developed and validated. The separations were performed using a C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm i.d.). The column temperature was set to 25 °C. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile (mobile phase B) and 20 mM phosphate buffer pH 3.9 (mobile phase A) and was mixed in gradient elution mode using a binary pump. The developed method was validated according to the requirements of the ICH Q2(R2) guideline. In all cases, the method was found selective for all active substances and parabens. The limit of detection and limit of quantification values ranged from 0.02 to 0.45 µg mL–1 and from 0.06 to 1.35 µg mL–1, respectively. The intraday and interday accuracy (relative error ≤ 1.89) and precision (relative standard deviation ≤ 1.99) values of the method for all compounds were found in the limits. Based on the validation studies, the developed method was found to be selective (peak purity index ≥ 0.9904), sensitive, accurate, precise, and robust. The developed method was successfully applied for the quantification of Ruscogenin, neoruscogenin, trimebutine and methylparaben, propylparaben from the semi-solid dosage form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Balance and coordination are important for performing activities of daily living. Balance and coordination assessment and training are used by physiotherapists in many different rehabilitation areas. Marmara Balance and Education System (MarBES) is a device developed to evaluate and improve balance and coordination. Aims: To examine the test–retest reliability of the MarBES device. Methods: Double-leg and single-leg (eyes open-closed) tests were applied to healthy young adult participants for balance testing on the MarBES device. Weight data is estimated from pressure sensors located in 4 different corners and a score is calculated with computer software for the individual's center of gravity (center of pressure X, Y) and the amount of deviation from the center for each axis. Weight transfer to the target surface was measured for assessment of the participants' coordination performance. Participants rested for 10 min and all measurements were repeated by the same evaluator. The obtained data were recorded and the reliability of the measurements was evaluated with Spearman's rho correlation analysis. Results: A total of 40 healthy young individuals (28 female) with a mean age of 21 years were included. The balance assessments with MarBES showed moderate to good reliability (ICC: 0.535–0.903). The coordination assessment results showed moderate to good reliability (ICC: 0.575–0.712). Conclusions: Objective evaluation of balance and coordination parameters is very important in rehabilitation. Results of the study showed that the MarBES device developed by the researchers is a reliable method for the evaluation of balance and coordination in healthy young individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a simple and inexpensive inflammation biomarker that reflects systemic inflammation based on complete blood count values. Aims: In our study, we aimed to compare the NLR values in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and in healthy controls, and to define NLR levels in children with IBD during diagnosis, active disease, and remission. Methods: NLR values of patients with IBD at diagnosis, remission, and active disease of the patients were recorded retrospectively. Age- and sex-matched healthy subjects enrolled as the control group. Results: Sixty-three patients with IBD and 92 healthy subjects as the control group enrolled. The mean age of the patients with IBD was 9.31 ± 5.24 years, and 57.1% were males. The mean NLR values of the patients with IBD at diagnosis and remission were significantly higher than that of healthy controls (p < 0.001). The mean NLR values of the patients at diagnosis and active disease were significantly higher than that of during remission (p < 0.001). The best cutoff of NLR for prediction of diagnosis of IBD in children was 1.46 with a sensitivity of 86.2% and specificity of 93.5%. There was no significant difference regarding NLR between patients with IBD with and without associated diseases. At diagnosis the mean NLR level of patients with Crohn's disease was significantly higher than that of ulcerative colitis (p = 0.019). Conclusions: It was shown for the first time that NLR levels were significantly increased at diagnosis and active disease of childhood IBD, compared to the remission period. We believe that NLR can be a non-invasive inflammatory biomarker that should be used in the initial evaluation and follow-up of the disease activity in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Correction Notice in the Journal of Clinical Immunology addresses the need to designate Ekrem Unal, Safa Baris, and Ahmet Eken as co-corresponding authors for the article "DIAPH1-Deficiency is Associated with Major T, NK and ILC Defects in Humans." The original version of the article has been corrected to reflect this change. The authors listed in the notice include a diverse group of researchers and clinicians who contributed to the study. [Extracted from the article]

In this study, the performance of the Sequential Gaussian Simulation (SGS) approach was studied with the aim of accurately determining local health risk distributions associated with trace elements (V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, and Pb). This study plays a crucial role in determining the distribution of health risk levels, especially from heavy metals. In the SGS approach, health risk levels (non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic) were calculated for pixel sizes of 250 × 250 m2. Results were compared to the conventional Ordinary Kriging (OK) method. The cross-validation performances of both methods were compared. Non-carcinogenic health risks calculated according to SGS and OK for children were, respectively, ρc: 0.57 and 0.23, RMSE: 0.45 and 0.57, and MAE: 0.33 and 0.43. In the case of adults, non-carcinogenic SGS and OK results were, respectively, ρc: 0.53 and 0.24, RMSE: 0.06 and 0.07, and MAE: 0.04 and 0.05 for adults. Carcinogenic health risk estimates obtained by SGS and OK were, respectively, ρc: 0.72 and 0.31, RMSE: 4.1 × 10−5 and 5.8 × 10−5, and MAE: 3.2 × 10−5 and 4.3 × 10−5 in the case of children, and in the case of adults the results were, respectively, ρc: 0.71 and 0.30, RMSE: 5 × 10−6 and 4.3 × 10−6, and MAE: 4 × 10−6 and 5 × 10−6. These results indicated that SGS offered a more accurate approach in determining health risk distributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Low-field MRI systems are expected to cause less RF heating in conventional interventional devices due to lower Larmor frequency. We systematically evaluate RF-induced heating of commonly used intravascular devices at the Larmor frequency of a 0.55 T system (23.66 MHz) with a focus on the effect of patient size, target organ, and device position on maximum temperature rise. Materials and methods: To assess RF-induced heating, high-resolution measurements of the electric field, temperature, and transfer function were combined. Realistic device trajectories were derived from vascular models to evaluate the variation of the temperature increase as a function of the device trajectory. At a low-field RF test bench, the effects of patient size and positioning, target organ (liver and heart) and body coil type were measured for six commonly used interventional devices (two guidewires, two catheters, an applicator and a biopsy needle). Results: Electric field mapping shows that the hotspots are not necessarily localized at the device tip. Of all procedures, the liver catheterizations showed the lowest heating, and a modification of the transmit body coil could further reduce the temperature increase. For common commercial needles no significant heating was measured at the needle tip. Comparable local SAR values were found in the temperature measurements and the TF-based calculations. Conclusion: At low fields, interventions with shorter insertion lengths such as hepatic catheterizations result in less RF-induced heating than coronary interventions. The maximum temperature increase depends on body coil design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on seed germination and organ development in Pancratium maritimum L. (Sea daffodil) were evaluated comparatively. Also, the callogenesis response of in vitro-generated leaf, root, and bulb explants to PGR combinations was studied within the scope of this study. The effects of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP), kinetin (KIN), thidiazuron (TDZ), 3-Indoleacetic acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) were tested on seed germination and organ development. The explants were cultured on 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and IBA combined with BAP and TDZ for callogenesis experiments. TDZ treatments increased seed germination (86.67 ± 5.77%), leaf number per plant (1.50 ± 0.17), and mean leaf length (5.19 ± 0.51 cm). IBA treatments enhanced rhizogenic response. Root length increased up to 3.76 ± 0.34 cm in the presence of IBA at 1.0 mg L− 1. However, NAA treatments significantly restricted root elongation. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that TDZ (1.0 and 2.0 mg L− 1) and IBA (0.25 and 1.0 mg L− 1) treatments exhibited similar seed germination and organ development results. The bulb explants (46.67–93.33%) were more potent for callus production than leaf (up to 23.33%) and root (up to 26.67%) explants. IBA treatments had a synergistic impact on callus induction from in vitro-generated bulb explants when paired with BAP or TDZ. The bulb calli gave a better organogenesis response to IBA than TDZ treatment at 1.0 mg L− 1. Consequently, in vitro seed germination, organ development, and callus production protocols for P. maritimum have been developed through a comprehensive evaluation of PGRs' effects. Also, in vitro-grown plants were transferred to their natural habitat. Key message: TDZ treatments enhance seed germination and foliar organ development in sea daffodil, while IBA treatments trigger rhizogenic response. Explants from in vitro-generated bulblets showed the most potent callus responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate subclinical choroidal and retinal changes in recently diagnosed pediatric hypertension (HT) patients. Methods: This prospective case–control study consisted of 62 treatment naive HT patients (34 essential HT and 28 renal-induced HT) and 62 control subjects aged 10–16 years. All demographic data and ocular parameters were noted. Macula and choroid measurements were acquired by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Choroidal measurements were obtained by taking the mean of the measurements taken from 3 nasal and 3 temporal locations at 500µ intervals (mean nasal, mean temporal) in addition to the subfoveal area. Results: All choroidal thickness (ChT) values in HT subjects were significantly lower than in the healthy group (p < 0.001 for all). Also, there was no statistically significant difference between central macular thickness (CMT) and mean macular thickness (MMT) between the two groups. Subfoveal ChT, mean ChT, and CMT values were statistically lower in patients with renal-induced HT compared to essential HT subjects (p < 0.001, p = 0.04, p = 0.014, respectively). No significant correlation was observed between choroidal thicknesses and blood pressure values in essential and renal HT groups except weak correlation between mean temporal ChT and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in renal HT group (r = − 0.464, p = 0.013). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that choroidal thickness decreased even during the subclinical period in treatment naive pediatric HT subjects. In addition, it has been shown that the choroid is more affected in renal-induced HT compared to essential HT group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ca, Na, Mg, K, P, Fe, Zn, Mn, V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, and Se were determined in agar obtained seasonally from Gelidium latifolium in coast of Black Sea, using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. Also, the potential contribution of the agar to the dietary reference intakes (DRIs) was evaluated according to the Basic Nutritional Requirements Guideline released by the Institute of Medicine and the Official Journal of the European Union. The results show that agar extracted from G. latifolium could be used as a food supplement to help meet the DRIs of certain essential minerals and trace elements. In the study, the most dominant macro and micro elements were found to be potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn), respectively. The Na/K ratio of the agar obtained seasonally was found to be below the maximum limits recommended by international organizations (Na/K ≤ 0.6). The Ca/Mg ratio was calculated between 1.44 and 1.55 throughout the year. The Ca/Mg and K/Na ratios were not reflected highly significant difference between seasons. Ion quotient values for extracted agar were between 0.36 and 40.54, so they can reduce hypertension, preeclampsia, and heart disease in human beings. Accordingly, extracted agar from G. latifolium red seaweed were of high quality and safety and might be used in the field of nutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]