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Despite the relevance and prevalence of research that produced knowledge about stigmatised groups and communities throughout the 1980s and 1990s, in the United States, studies that investigated the relationship between HIV/AIDS, intersectional stigma, and health-illness status among groups considered hegemonic are incipient—i.e., heterosexual, and white groups, who did not suffer stigma due to sexuality and race/colour, for example. In this study, such a gap is examined in order to observe the effects of stigma in non-exposed communities. Additionally, the article (i) explores the formation of a pioneering group of caregivers in New York City, the Mothers of Patients with AIDS (MPWA), created in 1986; and (ii) analyses narratives about health disease from a collective care agenda established by middle-aged and elderly mothers dealing with the challenges and needs of adult children and people with moderate and high degrees of dependence. This study is part of a larger project that investigated the emergence of non-profit organisations and gerontology care groups in the context of the HIV-AIDS epidemic in New York in the 1980s and 1990s. Documentary research was developed in the Florence Rush collection, made available by the Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library at Harvard University’s Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study. The selected materials bring together qualitative empirical sources from reports, personal histories, and interviews conducted by Florence Rush and other mothers, social workers, and health professionals. As the results attest, the narratives produced by Florence Rush’s interlocutors during the AIDS health crisis make it possible to understand how social and cultural dynamics of recognising the disease did not result in autonomous, individual, and objective processes for exposing the pathological state. The strategic use of the term “cancer” instead of “AIDS” as an umbrella definition, and one less demarcated by aspects involving gender and sexual behaviour, evidenced the sociality of the illness. Conclusions show how negative representations were associated with AIDS—perceived as harmful, immoral, or deviant behaviours — and produced new meanings and demands among patients who feared stigmatising classifications in the midst of sexual panic until the commercial availability of the antiretroviral cocktail in 1997. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shadow libraries, also known as "pirate libraries", are online collections of copyrighted publications that have been made available for free without the permission of the copyright holders. They have gradually become key players of scientific knowledge dissemination, despite their illegality in most countries of the world. Many publishers and scientist-editors decry such libraries for their copyright infringement and loss of publication usage information, while some scholars and institutions support them, sometimes in a roundabout way, for their role in reducing inequalities of access to knowledge, particularly in low-income countries. Although there is a wealth of literature on shadow libraries, none of this have focused on its potential role in knowledge dissemination, through the open access movement. Here we analyze how shadow libraries can affect researchers' citation practices, highlighting some counter-intuitive findings about their impact on the Open Access Citation Advantage (OACA). Based on a large randomized sample, this study first shows that OA publications, including those in fully OA journals, receive more citations than their subscription-based counterparts. However, the OACA has slightly decreased over the seven last years. The introduction of a distinction between those accessible or not via the Sci-hub platform among subscription-based suggest that the generalization of its use cancels the positive effect of OA publishing. The results show that publications in fully OA journals are victims of the success of Sci-hub. Thus, paradoxically, although Sci-hub may seem to facilitate access to scientific knowledge, it negatively affects the OA movement as a whole, by reducing the comparative advantage of OA publications in terms of visibility for researchers. The democratization of the use of Sci-hub may therefore lead to a vicious cycle, hindering efforts to develop full OA strategies without proposing a credible and sustainable alternative model for the dissemination of scientific knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ODFM is a data management system that integrates comprehensive omics information for microorganisms associated with various fermented foods, additive ingredients, and seasonings (e.g. kimchi, Korean fermented vegetables, fermented seafood, solar salt, soybean paste, vinegar, beer, cheese, sake, and yogurt). The ODFM archives genome, metagenome, metataxonome, and (meta)transcriptome sequences of fermented food-associated bacteria, archaea, eukaryotic microorganisms, and viruses; 131 bacterial, 38 archaeal, and 28 eukaryotic genomes are now available to users. The ODFM provides both the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool search-based local alignment function as well as average nucleotide identity-based genetic relatedness measurement, enabling gene diversity and taxonomic analyses of an input query against the database. Genome sequences and annotation results of microorganisms are directly downloadable, and the microbial strains registered in the archive library will be available from our culture collection of fermented food-associated microorganisms. The ODFM is a comprehensive database that covers the genomes of an entire microbiome within a specific food ecosystem, providing basic information to evaluate microbial isolates as candidate fermentation starters for fermented food production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wikipedia—an open-access online encyclopedia—contains a large number of medically relevant articles and images that may help supplement glossaries of radiology terms. We sought to determine the extent to which concepts from a large online radiology glossary developed as part of the Patient-Oriented Radiology Reporter (PORTER) initiative could be mapped to relevant Wikipedia web pages and images using automated or semi-automated approaches. The glossary included 4090 concepts with their definitions; the concept's preferred name and lexical variants, such as plurals, adjectival forms, synonyms, and abbreviations, yielded a total of 13,030 terms. Of the 4090 concepts, 3063 (74.9%) had a corresponding English-language Wikipedia page identified by automated search with subsequent manual review. We applied the MediaWiki application programming interface (API) to generate web-service calls to identify the images from each concept's corresponding Wikipedia page; three reviewers selected relevant images to associate with the glossary's concepts. Licensing terms for the images were reviewed. For 800 randomly sampled concepts that had associated Wikipedia pages, 362 distinct images were identified from the MediaWiki library and matched to 404 concepts (51%). Three images (1%) had unspecified licensing terms; the rest were in the public domain or available via a Creative Commons license. Wikipedia and the MediaWiki library offer a large collection of medical articles and images that can be incorporated into an online lay-language glossary of radiology terms though a semi-automated approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calpains are cysteine proteases that control cell fate transitions whose loss of function causes severe, pleiotropic phenotypes in eukaryotes. Although mainly considered as modulatory proteases, human calpain targets are directed to the N-end rule degradation pathway. Several such targets are transcription factors, hinting at a gene-regulatory role. Here, we analyze the gene-regulatory networks of the moss Physcomitrium patens and characterize the regulons that are misregulated in mutants of the calpain DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 (DEK1). Predicted cleavage patterns of the regulatory hierarchies in five DEK1-controlled subnetworks are consistent with a pleiotropic and regulatory role during cell fate transitions targeting multiple functions. Network structure suggests DEK1-gated sequential transitions between cell fates in 2D-to-3D development. Our method combines comprehensive phenotyping, transcriptomics and data science to dissect phenotypic traits, and our model explains the protease function as a switch gatekeeping cell fate transitions potentially also beyond plant development. Examination of the cell fate gene-regulatory networks of the moss Physcomitrium patens reveals regulons that exhibit misregulation in mutants for the calpain DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 (DEK1) gene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The photovoltaic (PV) cell behavior is characterized by its current–voltage relationship. This relationship is dependent on the PV cell's equivalent circuit parameters. Accurate estimation of such parameters is essential to study and analyze the PV system performance in terms of many aspects such as modeling and control. The main purpose of this paper is to develop mathematical models for the parameters of the single-diode poly and monocrystalline PV cells. The models are formulated using Eureqa software by utilizing training data collected from simulating thousands of PV modules available in Simulink library. The developed models can be easily and instantly executed by only using information available from module datasheet under standard test conditions (STC). The models are then validated using four different assessments by considering testing data, commercial PV modules, and experimental data, in addition to benchmarking with other reported algorithms. As an overall evaluation, the assessments have shown that the developed models are efficient in estimating the PV cell equivalent circuit parameters and can consequently predict the I–V curves for any poly or monocrystalline PV modules, under any weather conditions, with a high degree of accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Being widely accepted by industries and academia, Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) is the de facto standard for business process modeling. However, the large number of notation elements it introduces makes its use quite complex. This work investigates the usage of the BPMN notation by analyzing 54,500 models harvested from seven online collections. The study considers different model types introduced by the standard, such as process collaboration, choreography, and conversation. The analyses focus on the syntactic dimension of BPMN, investigating the usage of BPMN elements and their combinations. Syntactic violations of the standard, and of good modeling practices, are also investigated as well as possible relations with BPMN elements and modeling tools. The results of the study can guide further activities of educators, practitioners, researchers, and standardization bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Histopathology image processing, analysis and computer-aided diagnosis have been shown as effective assisting tools towards reliable and intra-/inter-observer invariant decisions in traditional pathology. Especially for cancer patients, decisions need to be as accurate as possible in order to increase the probability of optimal treatment planning. In this study, we propose a new image collection library (HICL-Histology Image Collection Library) comprising 3831 histological images of three different diseases, for fostering research in histopathology image processing, analysis and computer-aided diagnosis. Raw data comprised 93, 116 and 55 cases of brain, breast and laryngeal cancer respectively collected from the archives of the University Hospital of Patras, Greece. The 3831 images were generated from the most representative regions of the pathology, specified by an experienced histopathologist. The HICL Image Collection is free for access under an academic license at . Potential exploitations of the proposed library may span over a board spectrum, such as in image processing to improve visualization, in segmentation for nuclei detection, in decision support systems for second opinion consultations, in statistical analysis for investigation of potential correlations between clinical annotations and imaging findings and, generally, in fostering research on histopathology image processing and analysis. To the best of our knowledge, the HICL constitutes the first attempt towards creation of a reference image collection library in the field of traditional histopathology, publicly and freely available to the scientific community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Development finance is vital for low- and middle-income countries to enhance their sustainability agendas, as it provides essential funding necessary to close domestic financing gaps, including in the energy sector. Coal is still a vital power source for the energy sectors in the Western Balkans (i.e., Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia). The energy sector is a critical component in the five countries' pursuit to decarbonize (i.e., follow the net zero pathways) due to its central role as a primary contributor to greenhouse gas emissions and a critical enabler of sustainability transition. This article presents a mapping exercise of development finance for five Western Balkan countries' energy sectors. The study conducted a scoping literature review and detailed analysis of the five countries' energy sector-related development finance flows from 2008 to 2020. This aimed to provide insights into the development finance flows for renewable and non-renewable energy sources in five Western Balkan countries. Results: The scoping literature review indicated a significant gap in knowledge about the effects and effectiveness of development finance in the Western Balkans. Data analysis identified US$3.2 billion in energy development finance in the examined countries. The disbursement ratios were above the global average of 63%. Serbia received the highest proportion of the total funding, while Montenegro obtained the highest funding per capita. The data analysis did not establish a connection between adopting the Paris Agreement in 2016 and increasing development finance flows for renewable energy projects. Around one-third of the disbursed development finance was invested in projects for energy supply using non-renewable sources. Official Development Aid loans represented 37% (US$1.2 billion) of the total funding, contributing to the increase in indebtedness in the five countries. European-based bilateral and multilateral development finance providers were the most important actors in the five examined countries. Conclusions: The amount of the disbursed development finance was insufficient to cover a significant percentage of the needs of the surveyed countries. Although carbon-intensive energy infrastructure received considerable funding, the total amount of disbursed energy development finance ranged between 0.15 and 0.62% of the average gross domestic product for the analyzed countries during the study period. Based on the research findings, we recommend that development finance providers and recipient countries pay greater attention to planning for strategic funding disbursement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the analysis of scientific and pedagogical approaches to news literacy, two fundamentally different areas of research have been identified: practice-oriented and comprehensive. The origins, essence, subject field, and crucial concepts of library and information approach to news literacy are elaborated. The institutionalization patterns of news literacy within the framework of library and information activities have been identified and discussed. The experience of designing an educational discipline on the analysis of news is characterized, and original analytical technology for deconstructing news messages is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's world storing a large amount of data, large datasets, handling data in various forms is a challenging task. Data is getting produced rapidly with major small sized files. Hadoop is the solution for the big data problem except few limitations. This method is suggested to provide a better one for small file sizes in terms of storage, access effectiveness, and time. In contrast to the current methods, such as HDFS sequence files, HAR, and NHAR, a revolutionary strategy called VFS-HDFS architecture is created with the goal of optimizing small-sized files access problems. In HDFS When a user requests any file, the client will communicate to NameNode and NameNode will revert in the form of metadata of the file. The metadata contains the information about the blocks and locations. When the client gets this metadata information of a particular file, it communicates with the DataNodes and accesses the data sequentially. In the proposed work caching is introduced to store all the files. When a user requests for an existing file, the data will be retrieved from the cache itself preventing revisiting the NameNode followed by the DataNodes, which reduces the time improving access efficiency. Classification is used to classify the files as per their category and Bucket per category file table holds the metadata of the individual category wise container. The existing HDFS architecture has been wrapped with a virtual file system layer in the proposed development. However, the research is done without changing the HFDS architecture. Using this proposed system, better results are obtained in terms of access efficiency of small sized files in HDFS. A case study is performed on the British Library datasets on.txt and.rtf files. The proposed system can be used to enhance the library if the catalogue is categorized as per their category in a container reducing the storage, improving the access efficiency at the cost of memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study investigated the scabicidal potential of Egyptian mandarin peel oil (Citrus reticulata Blanco, F. Rutaceae) against sarcoptic mange-in-rabbits. Analysis of the oil's GC–MS identified a total of 20 compounds, accounting for 98.91% of all compounds found. Mandarin peel oil topical application improved all signs of infection, causing a scabicidal effect three days later, whereas in vitro application caused complete mite mortality one day later. In comparison to ivermectin, histopathological analysis showed that the epidermis' inflammatory-infiltration/hyperkeratosis-had disappeared. In addition to TIMP-1, the results of the mRNA gene expression analysis showed upregulation of I-CAM-1-and-KGF and downregulation of ILs-1, 6, 10, VEGF, MMP-9, and MCP-1. The scabies network was constructed and subjected to a comprehensive bioinformatic evaluation. TNF-, IL-1B, and IL-6, the top three hub protein-coding genes, have been identified as key therapeutic targets for scabies. From molecular docking data, compounds 15 and 16 acquired sufficient affinity towards the three screened proteins, particularly both possessing higher affinity towards the IL-6 receptor. Interestingly, it achieved a higher binding energy score than the ligand of the docked protein rather than displaying proper binding interactions like those of the ligand. Meanwhile, geraniol (15) showed the highest affinity towards the GST protein, suggesting its contribution to the acaricidal effect of the extract. The subsequent, MD simulations revealed that geraniol can achieve stable binding inside the binding site of both GST and IL-6. Our findings collectively revealed the scabicidal ability of mandarin peel extract for the first time, paving the way for an efficient, economical, and environmentally friendly herbal alternative for treating rabbits with Sarcoptes mange. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China has experienced an upsurge in child abandonment since the late 1970s in parallel with its one-child policy (OCP) and market reforms. Due to the scarcity of individual-level data, the literature focuses on informal adoption and child trafficking. This study first demonstrates the spatial-temporal trends of child abandonment across over 100,000 self-reported cases spanning 40 years in China collected from an internet platform. We then examine how the OCP and the long-established clan culture influence the incidence of child abandonment at the provincial level. We further compare whether the influences vary across genders. The results indicate that a tougher OCP penalty increases child abandonment, particularly the abandonment of girls. The influence of the OCP on girl abandonment is weaker in provinces with a strong clan culture, where sex ratios at birth are more unbalanced due to an increased incidence of gender-selective abortions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intelligent algorithms have excellent performance in managing large databases and mining effective knowledge, and many researchers have introduced these algorithms into research to improve the performance of book management systems. This article introduced the application of machine learning algorithms in electronic book database management systems. A linear classifier (linear regression algorithm is one of machine learning algorithms) was used to analyze the empirical loss value. This paper studied the application of machine learning algorithm in the database management of library special collection resources, aiming to optimize the management of library special collection resources database through machine learning algorithm, and provided students with better experience of using special collection resources. This paper verified the effectiveness of the machine learning algorithm from three aspects: the retrieval time before and after the special resource database, the number of crashes in a month and the number of library staff. The average time of the five sets using the machine learning algorithm was about 150% faster than the average search time of the five sets of special resource databases. The number of crashes after using machine learning algorithm was 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, which was much lower than that of special resource database. After using the machine learning algorithm, the five groups of workers were 7, 5, 9, 6, and 4, respectively, far fewer than the five groups of special collectors. Finally, by comparing the linear regression model, Support vector machine model, and random forest model, it was found that the accuracy of the linear regression model reached 98.2%, an increase of 8.2% compared to the random forest model, the precision rate reached 96.7%, and the recall rate reached 98.2%. 97.8%, F1 value reached 97.5%.It can be seen from the experimental data that the machine learning algorithm plays a good role in the database management of the library special collection resources.Article Highlights: Through linear regression algorithm, it can be identified by features, so this paper establishes an attribute linear classifier for each attribute. This paper found that machine learning algorithm can reduce the crash problem of special resource database. This paper found that machine learning algorithms improve the efficiency of a database dedicated to collecting resources, thereby saving human resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building energy simulation analysis plays an important supporting role in the conservation of building energy. Since the early 1980s, researchers have focused on the development and validation of building energy modeling programs (BEMPs) and have basically formed a set of systematic validation methods for BEMPs, mainly including analytical, comparative, and empirical methods. Based on related papers in this field, this study systematically analyzed the application status of validation methods for BEMPs from three aspects, namely, sources of validation cases, comparison parameters, and evaluation indicators. The applicability and characteristics of the three methods in different validation fields and different development stages of BEMPs were summarized. Guidance were proposed for researchers to choose more suitable validation methods and evaluation indicators. In addition, the current development trend of BEMPs and the challenges faced by validation methods were investigated, as well as the existing progress of current validation methods under this trend was analyzed. Subsequently, the development direction of the validation method was clarified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Our particular motivator is the need for screening HIV+ populations in resource-constrained regions for the evidence of tuberculosis, using posteroanterior chest radiographs (CXRs). Method: The proposed method is motivated by the observation that abnormal CXRs tend to exhibit corrupted and/or deformed thoracic edge maps. We study histograms of thoracic edges for all possible orientations of gradients in the range $$[0, 2\pi )$$ at different numbers of bins and different pyramid levels, using five different regions-of-interest selection. Results: We have used two CXR benchmark collections made available by the U.S. National Library of Medicine and have achieved a maximum abnormality detection accuracy (ACC) of 86.36 % and area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.93 at 1 s per image, on average. Conclusion: We have presented an automatic method for screening pulmonary abnormalities using thoracic edge map in CXR images. The proposed method outperforms previously reported state-of-the-art results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the post-pandemic recovery green economy track, especially in the hospitality and tourism industry, businesses must accelerate digital transformation and enter the race to increase customer experience. Improving customer experience is critical, and understanding customers' emotions and needs after using hotel services is crucial. This is why businesses increasingly rely on online customer reviews on booking sites to gain insight into what their customers seek. By understanding their needs and experiences, hotel managers can provide services that meet customer expectations and improve overall service quality. Although online review analysis is meaningful for hotel managers because of its practicality in business operations, a specific model, method, or tool is needed to explore customer emotions. This study proposes a method to analyze customers' online reviews of Vietnamese hotel services. With a Data set of 20,551 reviews collected from TripAdvisor, the study examines customers' perceptions of Vietnamese hotel services overall and aspects of hotel services by combining language rules of natural language and inferential statistics. The key findings indicate that customers are most satisfied with the "place" aspect of hotels, with a satisfaction rate of 78%, while the "room" service aspect has the lowest satisfaction rate at 61.3%. These results have recommended that hotel managers in Vietnam prioritize understanding customers' sentiments and opinions to improve service quality in aspects where satisfaction rates are lower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper maps and spatializes the Almshouse Ledger records for the children of unmarried parents in New York City in the 1820 and 1830s. Mapping the distribution of poverty and the provision of forms of welfare in the city, this paper illustrates specific areas of the city which were attracting the very poor as early as the second decade of the nineteenth century. This paper argues that migrants from countries with similar welfare systems to those established in New York may be overrepresented in the record due to familiarity with the system. This interdisciplinary paper combines archaeological approaches to GIS with archival research to illustrate the distribution of welfare provision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability to manipulate objects with limbs has evolved repeatedly among land tetrapods. Several selective forces have been proposed to explain the emergence of forelimb manipulation, however, work has been largely restricted to mammals, which prevents the testing of evolutionary hypotheses in a comprehensive evolutionary framework. In birds, forelimbs have gained the exclusive function of flight, with grasping transferred predominantly to the beak. In some birds, the feet are also used in manipulative tasks and appear to share some features with manual grasping and prehension in mammals, but this has not been systematically investigated. Here we use large online repositories of photographs and videos to quantify foot manipulative skills across a large sample of bird species (>1000 species). Our results show that a complex interaction between niche, diet and phylogeny drive the evolution of manipulative skills with the feet in birds. Furthermore, we provide strong support for the proposition that an arboreal niche is a key element in the evolution of manipulation in land vertebrates. Our systematic comparison of foot use in birds provides a solid base for understanding morphological and neural adaptations for foot use in birds, and for studying the convergent evolution of manipulative skills in birds and mammals. A large-scale citizen science approach reveals that a complex interaction between niche, diet and phylogeny drive the evolution of manipulative skill with the feet in birds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many large programs operate on collection types. Extensive libraries are available in many programming languages, such as the C++ Standard Template Library, which make programming with collections convenient. Extending programming languages to provide collection queries as first class constructs in the language would not only allow programmers to write queries explicitly in their programs but it would also allow compilers to leverage the wealth of experience available from the database domain to optimize such queries. This paper describes an approach to reduce the run time of programs involving explicit collection queries by performing run time query optimization that is effective for single runs of a program. In addition, it also leverages a cache to store previously computed results. The proposed approach relies on histograms built from the data at run time to estimate the selectivity of joins and predicates in order to construct query plans. Information from earlier executions of the same query during run time is leveraged during the construction of the query plans, even when the data has changed between these executions. An effective cache policy is also determined for caching the results of join (sub) queries. The cache is maintained incrementally, when the underlying collections change, and use of the cache space is optimized by a cache replacement policy. Our approach has been implemented within the Java Query Language (JQL) framework using AspectJ. Our approach demonstrated that its run time query optimization in integration with caching sub query result significantly improves the run time of programs with explicit queries over equivalent programs performing collection operations by iterating over those collections. This paper evaluates our approach using synthetic as well as real world Robocode programs by comparing it to JQL as a benchmark. Experimental results show that our approach performs better than the JQL approach with respect to the program run time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is closely associated with enhanced apoptosis of granulosa cells, which have a vital role in maturation of oocytes. p53 plays a critical role in the regulation of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, metabolism and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of p53 pathway in enhancing apoptosis and abnormal function of granulosa cells. In this study, microarray analysis and RNA sequencing were downloaded from the GEO and used as datasets. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and online SSizer tool were applied to evaluate the experiment quality control and sample sufficiency, respectively. Bioinformatics' analyses were performed on the selected datasets, and validated by qRT-PCR and western blot analyses. Three datasets out of five ones were chosen for re-analyzing based on the PCA outcomes. 21 deregulated genes were identified via filters including p < 0.05 and |log2FC|≥ 1. Functional enrichment analysis confirmed the relevance of cell cycle regulation and apoptosis as common biological hallmarks in PCOS. Results have shown differentially expressed p53 target genes involved in apoptosis (BAX, FAS, PMAIP1, and CASP8), cell cycle (Cyclins, Cyclin dependent kinases), glucose metabolism and insulin resistance (THBS1), and p53 regulation (MDM2). Subsequently, the relative mRNA expression of FAS, PMAIP1 and MDM2 genes, and protein levels of p53 and MDM2 were confirmed using granulosa cells collected from 20 PCOS women and 18 control individuals by qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. Results of this study represent the possible role of p53 pathway in pathogenesis of PCOS particularly, through the enhancement of apoptosis in granulosa cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal intracranial tumor. Sequencing technologies have supported personalized therapy for precise diagnosis and optimal treatment of GBM by revealing clinically actionable molecular characteristics. Although accumulating sequence data from brain tumors and matched normal tissues have facilitated a comprehensive understanding of genomic features of GBM, these in silico evaluations could gain more biological credibility when they are verified with in vitro and in vivo models. From this perspective, GBM cell lines with whole exome sequencing (WES) datasets of matched tumor tissues and normal blood are suitable biological platforms to not only investigate molecular markers of GBM but also validate the applicability of druggable targets. Here, we provide a complete WES dataset of 26 GBM patient-derived cell lines along with their matched tumor tissues and blood to demonstrate that cell lines can mostly recapitulate genomic profiles of original tumors such as mutational signatures and copy number alterations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to investigate the properties of bio rayeb milk that results from goats fed on feed supplemented with different concentrations of coriander oil. The study design included a control treatment (C) and two coriander oil concentrations, a low level of (0.95%) T1 and a high level of (1.9%) T2. A probiotic starter culture, Direct Vat Set (DVS) of lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus in the ratio (1:1) was used to prepare bio rayeb. All treatments were stored at 4 °C for 2 weeks and analyzed on day one and at the end of storage. Results showed that the coagulation time during bio rayeb manufacturing remained consistent at almost 6 h for all batches. However, using a high coriander oil level (1.90%) significantly decreased the apparent viscosity and the content of monounsaturated fatty acids. The DPPH inhibition and the content of monounsaturated fatty acids increased. The electrophoresis chromatogram exhibited a high degree of proteolysis in T2 compared to the control and T1. Microbiologically, yeast, molds, and coliforms were absent in all treatments. Feeding goats on provender supplemented with a low concentration of coriander oil may positively impact the resultant milk's technological and sensorial properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2001, Rutgers University Libraries (RUL) accepted a substantial donation of Roman Republican coins. The work to catalog, house, digitize, describe, and present this collection online provided unique challenges for the institution. Coins are often seen as museum objects; however, they can serve pedagogical purposes within libraries. In the quest to innovate, RUL digitized coins from seven angles to provide a 180-degree view of coins. However, this strategy had its drawbacks; it had to be reassessed as the project continued. RUCore, RUL's digital repository, uses Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS). Accordingly, it was necessary to adapt numismatic description to bibliographic metadata standards.With generous funding from the Loeb Foundation, the resulting digital collection of 1200 coins was added to RUCore from 2012 to 2018. Rutgers's Badian Roman Coins Collection serves as an exemplar of numismatics in a library environment that is freely available to all on the Web. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Issues concerning the design of personalized digital libraries over collections of semistructured data available on the Web are considered. The approach suggested makes it possible to design libraries adjusted to the personal needs of information users that place various requirements upon the contents and representation of information. The digital library is designed as a composition of fragments of websites. In this paper, a method for the compositional design of information systems is applied to semistructured data on the Web. This method was developed at the Institute for Problems of Informatics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPI RAS) [2]. The design procedure is demonstrated by designing a library over two websites containing data about registered patents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Aberrant activation of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family of receptor tyrosine kinases drives oncogenic signaling through its proximal adaptor protein FRS2. Precise disruption of this disease-causing signal transmission in metastatic cancers could stall tumor growth and progression. The purpose of this study was to identify a small molecule ligand of FRS2 to interrupt oncogenic signal transmission from activated FGFRs. Methods: We used pharmacophore-based computational screening to identify potential small molecule ligands of the PTB domain of FRS2, which couples FRS2 to FGFRs. We confirmed PTB domain binding of molecules identified with biophysical binding assays and validated compound activity in cell-based functional assays in vitro and in an ovarian cancer model in vivo. We used thermal proteome profiling to identify potential off-targets of the lead compound. Results: We describe a small molecule ligand of the PTB domain of FRS2 that prevents FRS2 activation and interrupts FGFR signaling. This PTB-domain ligand displays on-target activity in cells and stalls FGFR-dependent matrix invasion in various cancer models. The small molecule ligand is detectable in the serum of mice at the effective concentration for prolonged time and reduces growth of the ovarian cancer model in vivo. Using thermal proteome profiling, we furthermore identified potential off-targets of the lead compound that will guide further compound refinement and drug development. Conclusions: Our results illustrate a phenotype-guided drug discovery strategy that identified a novel mechanism to repress FGFR-driven invasiveness and growth in human cancers. The here identified bioactive leads targeting FGF signaling and cell dissemination provide a novel structural basis for further development as a tumor agnostic strategy to repress FGFR- and FRS2-driven tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adult visual performance differs with angular location –it is better for stimuli along the horizontal than vertical, and lower than upper vertical meridian of the visual field. These perceptual asymmetries are paralleled by asymmetries in cortical surface area in primary visual cortex (V1). Children, unlike adults, have similar visual performance at the lower and upper vertical meridian. Do children have similar V1 surface area representing the upper and lower vertical meridian? Using MRI, we measure the surface area of retinotopic maps (V1-V3) in children and adults. Many features of the maps are similar between groups, including greater V1 surface area for the horizontal than vertical meridian. However, unlike adults, children have a similar amount of V1 surface area representing the lower and upper vertical meridian. These data reveal a late-stage change in V1 organization that may relate to the emergence of the visual performance asymmetry along the vertical meridian by adulthood. Many properties of human primary visual cortex (V1) are 'adult-like' by childhood. Here, using fMRI, the authors show that V1 of children and adults differentially sample the visual field, indicating a late-stage change in cortical organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Records from a popular series at The National Archives were found to bear warning labels that they have been bound using a 'poisonous insecticidal solution'. Research into historic sources suggested that the agents used by bookbinders in the early twentieth century were mercuric chloride, copper sulphate, and beechwood creosote; these may have been replaced by organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) mid-century. Analysis by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy confirmed the presence of mercury in labelled, bound items. A number of OCPs were detected using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GCMS) including DDT, gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (Lindane, γ-HCH), Dieldrin, pentachlorophenol (PCP), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), and 1-chloronaphthalene (1-CP). Tests confirmed the presence of these agents on all items tested regardless of format (e.g. tagged files and bound volumes) or period of creation, suggesting the OCPs were introduced to the items after the binding process. An occupational hygienist (OH) consultancy was engaged to carry out in-situ air monitoring during production, digitisation, and general handling of the items. Risk assessments were developed based on the results, allowing readers and staff to once again access the collection with safety measures including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Features of the current state of the formation of science library collections are considered. It is proven that science libraries are hybrid, which makes collection formation difficult. Here, a fuller and more exact term is scientific collection management. In accordance with this approach, scientific collection management is based on studying the information market for scientific publications (scientific book publishing) and the conditions for providing and receiving printed and electronic publications; the information service system of the scientific domain; and the possibility of rendering services. Particular emphasis is given to the model of national subscription to foreign resources as the most efficient model at present. Open access materials are an important source of scientific publications. The development of libraries, and, accordingly, scientific collection management in the context of digital transformations require paying an ever-increasing attention to electronic products and services, which raises the need for designing appropriate automated library systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Floods caused by atmospheric rivers and wildfires fanned by Santa Ana winds are common occurrences in California with devastating societal impacts. In this work, we show that winter weather variability in California, including the occurrence of extreme and impactful events, is linked to four atmospheric circulation regimes over the North Pacific Ocean previously named and identified as the "NP4 modes". These modes come in and out of phase with each other during the season, resulting in distinct weather patterns that recur throughout the historical record. Some phase combinations favor atmospheric river landfalls and extreme daily or multi-day precipitation, while other phase combinations favor anomalously hot weather and drying Santa Ana wind conditions over Southern California. This historical perspective of atmospheric circulation and impacts over 70 years reveals that weather patterns are changing in a way that enhances wildfire hazard in California, while the frequency of weather patterns linked to historical floods is not diminishing. These changes highlight the rising hazards of cascading weather extremes in California's present and future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

First published in 1854, Walden, by Henry David Thoreau, has been translated into many languages. The last three decades have witnessed a growing number of Chinese versions of Walden, together with an upsurge of interest in this classic American book. Adopting a descriptive and diachronic approach, this article surveys the different Chinese versions of Walden, the studies by Chinese scholars on Thoreau/Walden, as well as eco-writings inspired by Thoreau/Walden in China, with the purpose of investigating the translation and reception of Thoreau in China from three perspectives: those of translators, literary scholars and writers. Thoreau was initially understood by his Chinese translators as a foreign thinker whose work endorses traditional Chinese values such as the celebration of Nature and Tianrenheyi 天人合— (or "harmony between Nature and man"), and Walden was valued mainly for its perceived alignment with a "native" component in Chinese philosophy and a multifaceted figure in China. Later, this writing was regarded as a product of the complex integration of Chinese and American thinking in the eyes of Chinese literary scholars. Most recently, Thoreau has been transformed into a multifaceted figure in China, one who has enjoyed a great influence upon Chinese eco-writers. In some respects, the rising popularity of Thoreau in China mirrors his increasing popularity in the United States; however, the evolving reception of his work by translators, literary scholars and writers in China may diverge in detail from his critical and popular reception in his native country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protein-ligand docking is a computational method for identifying drug leads. The method is capable of narrowing a vast library of compounds down to a tractable size for downstream simulation or experimental testing and is widely used in drug discovery. While there has been progress in accelerating scoring of compounds with artificial intelligence, few works have bridged these successes back to the virtual screening community in terms of utility and forward-looking development. We demonstrate the power of high-speed ML models by scoring 1 billion molecules in under a day (50 k predictions per GPU seconds). We showcase a workflow for docking utilizing surrogate AI-based models as a pre-filter to a standard docking workflow. Our workflow is ten times faster at screening a library of compounds than the standard technique, with an error rate less than 0.01% of detecting the underlying best scoring 0.1% of compounds. Our analysis of the speedup explains that another order of magnitude speedup must come from model accuracy rather than computing speed. In order to drive another order of magnitude of acceleration, we share a benchmark dataset consisting of 200 million 3D complex structures and 2D structure scores across a consistent set of 13 million "in-stock" molecules over 15 receptors, or binding sites, across the SARS-CoV-2 proteome. We believe this is strong evidence for the community to begin focusing on improving the accuracy of surrogate models to improve the ability to screen massive compound libraries 100 × or even 1000 × faster than current techniques and reduce missing top hits. The technique outlined aims to be a fast drop-in replacement for docking for screening billion-scale molecular libraries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Poisons Information Centre (PIC) is a specialized unit providing information on prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of poisoning and hazard management. Most of the developed and many developing countries have well established poison control centres with poisons information service, patient management facility and analytical laboratory. In India, the National Poisons Information Centre (NPIC) was established in February, 1995 in the Department of Pharmacology at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. The centre provides toxicological information and advice on the management of poisoned patients adopted to the level of the enquirer. The basis of this service are the databases on poisoning, drug reactions and also the continuous and systematic collection of data from the library. This information service is available round the clock. The PIC has the training responsibility extending to medical and other health professionals and community. The NPIC organized two successive training courses for medical professionals and para professionals at all health levels. Further, NPIC is a participant of INTOX project of IPCS/WHO, receiving regular yearly training on the use of INTOX database. Laboratory service is an essential component of a poisons control programme, providing analytical services on emergency basis to help in diagnosis and management. The NPIC is developing facilities for quick diagnosis of poisoning cases. Toxicovigilance and prevention of poisoning is another major function of PIC. The Centre has prepared manuals and leaflets on prevention and management cards on treatment of various poisonings. Thus the Centre provides a service with considerable health benefits, reducing morbidity and mortality from poisoning and gives significant financial savings to the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aminoalkylalkoxysilane copolymers (co-AAAS) have the ability to simultaneously deacidify and strengthen paper documents. Nevertheless, despite enhancing the tensile strength, they generally fail to improve the folding endurance of the degraded groundwood pulp-rich papers. Focusing on that specific type of papers, several ways to overcome their lack of reinforcement were investigated. Promoting the polymerization of AAAS using catalysts and thermal steps was one of them. A monitoring with FTIR spectroscopy showed that the thermal step was the most efficient in speeding up the hydrolysis and polycondensation of 3-aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane (AM) monomer in aqueous solutions. The progress of the two-steps reaction in terms of degree of polymerization of AAAS polymers was then studied in-situ after heating the paper, using Cross Polarization—Magic Angle Spinning 29Si solid-state NMR, and was shown to be enhanced as well. The other optimization route explored was to stabilize the paper before treatment. Our previous research had shown that the presence of oxidized groups in paper hampered the strengthening. Sodium borohydride, a known bleaching agent in paper conservation, was used prior to the AAASs treatment to decrease the amount of carbonyls in paper. The reduction and the thermal step were compared in terms of the mechanical properties (folding endurance and tensile strength) upon AAASs treatment of several lignocellulosic papers, including three newsprints dated 1911–1923. The use of sodium borohydride led to a significant improvement of the folding endurance of the samples, an unprecedented result. It enabled at the same time to counteract the yellowing induced by the AAAS and to build a larger alkaline reserve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physicians write clinical notes with abbreviations and shorthand that are difficult to decipher. Abbreviations can be clinical jargon (writing "HIT" for "heparin induced thrombocytopenia"), ambiguous terms that require expertise to disambiguate (using "MS" for "multiple sclerosis" or "mental status"), or domain-specific vernacular ("cb" for "complicated by"). Here we train machine learning models on public web data to decode such text by replacing abbreviations with their meanings. We report a single translation model that simultaneously detects and expands thousands of abbreviations in real clinical notes with accuracies ranging from 92.1%-97.1% on multiple external test datasets. The model equals or exceeds the performance of board-certified physicians (97.6% vs 88.7% total accuracy). Our results demonstrate a general method to contextually decipher abbreviations and shorthand that is built without any privacy-compromising data. Patient notes contain shorthand and abbreviations that may be jargon or clinical vernacular. Here the authors train large machine learning models on public web data to decode such text by replacing abbreviations with their meanings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incunabula are the texts printed mainly during the second half of 15th century that are a key cultural element in a revolutionary period of the history and evolution of the book and the printing. In these books, the identification of their origin largely affects its academic, cultural, patrimonial, and economical value. This paper proposes a process to automate the identification of the origin of a digitised incunable document using the Proctor/Haebler method, a commonly established procedure in the field. This process has been validated with a selected dataset obtained from the incunabula collection at the digital repository of the University of Zaragoza. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The risk of metabolic diseases is greatly increased by both chronic and acute stress. Irrespective of the cause, chronic or acute stress has the capacity to alter an individual's cytokine profile. For instance, it has been observed that stress significantly increased concentrations of IL 1 beta, IL 6 and TNF alpha. Alteration in cytokine profiles increase the likelihood of dysregulated metabolism, which subsequently acts as a driving force in the development of disorders, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension, diabetes and obesity. Considering the dynamic and versatile role of cytokines in health and disease, an in-depth computational analysis (qualitative and quantitative) was performed to study the role of cytokines as an immuno-molecular link between rising stress levels and an increase in CVD, hypertension, diabetes and obesity. Upon a qualitative comparative analysis of cytokine profiles, a total of 14 cytokines (IL-6, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-10, etc.) were observed to be commonly involved in stress and aforementioned four metabolic disorders. Further analysis of quantitative studies has revealed that the cytokine profile for coronary artery disease (CAD) showed remarkable increase in a couple of cytokines. IL 9 registered an increase of 67 percent to reach a concentration of 75 pg/mL. IL 3, on the other hand, was absent in control candidates but reached 56 ± 14 pg/mL in CAD patients. In case of diabetes, IFN-gamma showed an increase of 290 pg/mL. For obesity it was observed that both MCP-1 and IL-1 beta fell by 12.2 pg/mL to reach 44.4 pg/mL in obese patients. A fall of approximately 50 pg/mL was observed in the concentration of VEGF in obese patients. Similarly, hypertension was marked by reduction in concentration of several cytokines – MCP-1 and VEGF being a couple of them. Apart from performing an analysis of cytokine profiles, an innovative database [Cytokine database of Stress and Metabolic disorders (CdoSM)—https://www.akbi-nsut.co.in/] has also been created comprising cytokines involved in stress and the aforementioned metabolic disorders. Upon accessing the database, a user can find the list cytokines associated with a particular condition along with information on cytokine receptor/s; related research articles; cytokine concentration in control v/s diseased candidates for some specific cytokines and the Uniprot ID for the respective cytokine. Database can be accessed by the link-https://www.akbi-nsut.co.in/. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bicycling has grown significantly in the past ten years. In some regions, the implementation of large-scale bike-sharing systems and improved cycling infrastructure are two of the factors enabling this growth. An increase in non-motorized modes of transportation makes our cities more human, decreases pollution, traffic, and improves quality of life. In many cities around the world, urban planners and policymakers are looking at cycling as a sustainable way of improving urban mobility. Although bike-sharing systems generate abundant data about their users' travel habits, most cities still rely on traditional tools and methods for planning and policy-making. Recent technological advances enable the collection and analysis of large amounts of data about urban mobility, which can serve as a solid basis for evidence-based policy-making. In this paper, we introduce a novel analytical method that can be used to process millions of bike-sharing trips and analyze bike-sharing mobility, abstracting relevant mobility flows across specific urban areas. Backed by a visualization platform, this method provides a comprehensive set of analytical tools to support public authorities in making data-driven policy and planning decisions. This paper illustrates the use of the method with a case study of the Greater Boston bike-sharing system and, as a result, presents new findings about that particular system. Finally, an assessment with expert users showed that this method and tool were considered very useful, relatively easy to use and that they intend to adopt the tool in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Change point detection has many practical applications, from anomaly detection in data to scene changes in robotics; however, finding changes in high dimensional data is an ongoing challenge. We describe a self-training model-agnostic framework to detect changes in arbitrarily complex data. The method consists of two steps. First, it labels data as before or after a candidate change point and trains a classifier to predict these labels. The accuracy of this classifier varies for different candidate change points. By modeling the accuracy change we can infer the true change point and fraction of data affected by the change (a proxy for detection confidence). We demonstrate how our framework can achieve low bias over a wide range of conditions and detect changes in high dimensional, noisy data more accurately than alternative methods. We use the framework to identify changes in real-world data and measure their effects using regression discontinuity designs, thereby uncovering potential natural experiments, such as the effect of pandemic lockdowns on air pollution and the effect of policy changes on performance and persistence in a learning platform. Our method opens new avenues for data-driven discovery due to its flexibility, accuracy and robustness in identifying changes in data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small cities tend to have modest immigrant settlement services and cultural amenities, engendering a distinct sense of place among immigrants and impacting their wellbeing differently from large cities. To study the impacts of place characteristics on settlement needs, this photovoice research examines the sense of place among immigrant women through their attribution of meanings to places of comfort and discomfort as they settled in a small city in Canada. Thirty-two immigrant women of different immigration admission statuses, i.e., economic, family, and refugee classes, ranging in age from 19 to 48, took photographs of places that they considered to be either comfortable or uncomfortable. Most participants were from Asia, Africa, and South America, and they had lived in Canada for less than 10 years. Findings indicated that these women appreciated the warmth and support extended to them by settlement services provider organizations, libraries, and faith-based organizations, attesting to the relational nature of the place. Nevertheless, immigrant women dreaded harsh winter conditions and felt unsafe in downtown areas. A close read of these women's photo stories revealed that their apprehensions about punitive winter conditions are closely linked to their role as primary household caregivers who take their children to public places. Their sense of vulnerability towards downtown areas demonstrates female subordination and their distaste for public spaces. Immigrant women sought comfort in locales that this paper terms "restorative space," showing their creative use of private and public spaces for relaxation. This study contributes to our understanding of the gendered and interwoven nature of the self, social, and physical spaces. The findings from this study call for settlement policies that attend to distinct characteristics of local places to better serve the settlement needs of immigrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of Review: The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of available data on health disparities and the interconnected social determinants of health (SDOH) in cardio-oncology. We identify the gaps in the literature and suggest areas for future research. In addition, we propose strategies to address these disparities at various levels. Recent Findings: There has been increasing recognition of health disparities and the role of SODH on an individual's access to health care, quality of care, and outcomes of the illness. There is growing evidence of sex and race-based differences in cancer therapy-related cardiotoxicity. Recent studies have shown how access and quality of health care are affected by financial stability and rurality. Our recent study utilizing the social vulnerability index (SVI) and county-level patient data found graded increase in county-level cardio-oncology mortality with greater social vulnerability. The incremental impact of social vulnerability was higher for cardio-oncology mortality than for mortality related to either cancer or CVD alone. The mortality rates in these patients were higher in rural areas compared to urban areas regardless of social vulnerability. Additionally, for those within the counties within highest social vulnerability, Black individuals had significantly higher cardio-oncology mortality compared with White individuals. Summary: Disparities in the cardio-oncology population are deep-rooted and widespread, leading to poor quality of life and increased mortality. It is crucial to integrate SDOH, not only in clinical care delivery but also in future research, and registry data to improve our understanding and the outcomes in our unique subset of cardio-oncology patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

South America is a high biodiversity continent with five out of 13 countries considered megadiverse. Many major groups within this fauna exhibit high diversity, including non-marine molluscs. With at least 1401 known species, South American molluscs are seriously understudied. The aim of this paper is to review the conservation status of non-marine molluscs in South America, pointing out significant gaps in knowledge and suggesting possible future directions. According to the most recent IUCN Red List only 231 South American non-marine molluscs have been evaluated, with 84 (36%) categorized as Data Deficient. The main knowledge gaps are in taxonomic inventory, especially in unexplored areas, information about current and historic distributions and population sizes, and basic ecological information. Implementation of integrative taxonomy, ecological and distributional studies, exploration of areas and groups as yet largely ignored, development of researcher networks and improvement of public and political awareness and concern about these important and diverse animals are necessary actions for conservation of non-marine molluscs in South America to have any chance of success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]