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Existing research has shown that the quality of the relationship between teacher and child is associated with more positive perceptions of school authorities. There has been relatively less attention to the processes that connect attitudes towards different sources of authority, such as between teachers and police. The current study uses a counterfactual approach to estimate the direct and indirect effects of teacher–child relationships on children's later perceptions of police legitimacy. Using data from a longitudinal study of youth in Zurich, Switzerland, this study applies non-bipartite propensity score matching to identify matched pairs (n = 232 pairs, 55% male) of children with better versus worse relationships with their teacher at age 11 following a teacher change. Matched pairs were then compared on potential mediators (moral norms about deviant behavior and low self-control) at age 13 and perceptions of police legitimacy at age 15. The results demonstrate the importance of the quality of the relationships between students and teachers in shaping young people's interpersonal characteristics as well as perceptions of the world around them. Namely, if young people feel that they are being treated fairly by their teachers, they are more likely to distinguish behaviors that are right or wrong (moral norms) and control their actions (self-control). Moreover, as a result they are also more likely to perceive authorities such as police as legitimate agents that facilitate societal order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present digital age, intrafamilial dynamics and adolescents' support of their parents in media use (technical brokering, Katz, 2010) are increasing in attention. However, the significance of migration-specific processes in adolescents' technical brokering is less understood. In immigrant families, adolescents' technical brokering may help families in adapting to the host culture and in keeping contact with friends and family abroad. This study investigated differences in the level of technical brokering between German immigrant and native Swiss adolescents and tested whether migration-unrelated (family life) or migration-related (i.e., culture brokering, Tse, 1995) factors are better predictors of interindividual differences in technical brokering in high SES immigrant families. The sample comprised 301 adolescents in Switzerland: 136 German immigrant adolescents (average age = 15.3, 65% female) and 165 native Swiss adolescents (average age = 15.9, 61% female). Adolescents stated the frequency of technical brokering tasks as well as culture brokering and migration-related processes. The results revealed that German immigrant adolescents provided technical brokering more frequently than native Swiss adolescents. Hierarchical regressions confirmed that technical brokering in German immigrant families is best explained by adolescents' supporting their family in mastering the transition to a new country, as predictors pertaining to culture brokering, and host culture orientation explained most of the variance. This interpretation received further support by an interaction effect showing that technical brokering is particularly frequent when adolescents act as a culture broker in families with substantial socio-cultural adaptation difficulties. This study complements an often deficit-oriented view on immigrant youth with a view of their active and constructive role in immigrant family processes. Highlights: This comparative immigrant/nonimmigrant study investigated adolescents' supporting their parents in technical tasks (technical brokering). Adolescents in both ethnic groups reported technical brokering showing the normativity of such behavior in the technological age. Immigrant adolescents reported a higher frequency than their nonimmigrant peers revealing a migration-specific task load. In the immigrant sample, technical brokering seems to be associated with adolescents' supporting their family in mastering the transition to a new country. This study views the active and constructive role of (immigrant) adolescents in families and societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychiatric emergencies occur frequently in the community setting, e.g. the patient's home or public places. Little is known about the characteristics and outcome of these situations. This study describes psychiatric emergencies in the canton of Zurich, Switzerland, and examines determinants of their outcome. We retrospectively analyzed 620 medical records of consultations classified as psychiatric emergencies of a 24/7 service of community-based emergency physicians. Information on sociodemographic, clinical and situational factors was extracted. The observation period was 6 months in 2017. Binary logistic regression was used to examine predictors for involuntary admissions. Most emergency consultations (64.5%) took place at the patient's home, followed by police stations (31.0%), public places (3.2%), and somatic hospitals (1.3%). Patient characteristics and reasons for consultation varied considerably between the locations. The first involved person was commonly a relative. Of all consultations, 38.4% resulted in involuntary admissions, mainly in patients with psychosis, suicidality, aggression, refusal of necessary treatment and previous involuntary admissions. Situation-related factors and the involvement of relatives were no significant predictors of the outcome. Psychiatric emergencies occur in different places and in patients with a variety of psychiatric symptoms. Although half of the emergency situations were resolved in the community, the rate of involuntary admissions was still high. For additional reduction, the further development of quickly available alternatives to psychiatric inpatient treatment is required. These should be specifically geared towards acute situations in patients with the described risk factors. Additionally, the role of relatives during psychiatric emergencies should be further studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the three most common incident cancers and causes of cancer death in Switzerland for both men and women. To promote aspects of gender medicine, we examined differences in treatment decision and survival by sex in CRC patients diagnosed 2000 and 2001 in the canton of Zurich, Switzerland. Methods: Characteristics assessed of 1076 CRC patients were sex, tumor subsite, age at diagnosis, tumor stage, primary treatment option and comorbidity rated by the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Missing data for stage and comorbidities were completed using multivariate imputation by chained equations. We estimated the probability of receiving surgery versus another primary treatment using multivariable binomial logistic regression models. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used for survival analysis. Results: Females were older at diagnosis and had less comorbidities than men. There was no difference with respect to treatment decisions between men and women. The probability of receiving a primary treatment other than surgery was nearly twice as high in patients with the highest comorbidity index, CCI 2+, compared with patients without comorbidities. This effect was significantly stronger in women than in men (p-interaction = 0.010). Survival decreased with higher CCI, tumor stage and age in all CRC patients. Sex had no impact on survival. Conclusion: The probability of receiving any primary treatment and survival were independent of sex. However, female CRC patients with the highest CCI appeared more likely to receive other therapy than surgery compared to their male counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article contains the report on AIMS 2010, which was held June 23-25, 2010 at the Department of Informatics (IFI), University of Zürich, Switzerland and which was driven by the theme 'Mechanisms for Autonomous Management of Networks and Services'. Furthermore, the report also synopsizes ISSNSM 2010, which was run June 21-23, 2010 at the same location and which offered a practical summer school on selected topics in network and service management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present study was to explore factors that influence the occurrence of the Babinski sign (BS) in complete spinal cord injury patients. At Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland, thirty-five subjects suffering from a complete traumatic spinal cord injury (ASIA A) were examined for the occurrence of the BS, tendon reflex excitability and spastic muscle tone (Modified Ashworth Scale). Five subjects were acute/subacute (1–6 months after spinal cord injury (SCI)), 30 were chronic (SCI > 1 year). In one subject, the measures were examined before and after injection of intrathecal Baclofen. Subjects with a negative BS were investigated electrophysiologically for possible peripheral nerve damage. In 17 subjects (49%), the BS was present, while it was absent in 18 subjects (51%). The occurrence of the BS did not depend on the level of lesion. Most patients with a positive BS also presented a high spastic muscle tone, while those with a negative BS showed low level or absent spastic muscle tone. In 11 SCI subjects, absence of the BS was associated with peripheral nerve damage. In one patient, the BS along with spastic signs disappeared after intrathecal injection of Baclofen. In complete SCI subjects, the occurrence of the BS is connected with spastic muscle tone. The absence of the BS is frequently due to associated peripheral nerve damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A periodic survey of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Zurich in 2004 and 2006 revealed a consistently low prevalence of MRSA. SCC mec and ccr typing showed fluctuations in the proportions of SCC mec types and in the carriage of mobile virulence determinants. Together with the presence of variant SCC mecs these findings suggest a high clonal diversity and level of SCC mec recombination. The prevalence of a local “drug clone", associated with low-level methicillin resistance and rapid growth, significantly decreased. This clone had spread among intraveneous drug users, steadily increasing from 1994 to 2001 and was dominant in 2001. Apparently, changes in the management of the Zurich drug scene have restricted the spread of this clone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report summarizes the 2nd International Summer School on Network and Service Management (ISSNSM’08), which was held at the Communication Systems Group (CSG) of the Department of Informatics (IFI), University of Zurich, Switzerland, on 2–6 June 2008. Supported by the European FP6 Network of Excellence for the Management of Internet Technologies and Complex Services (EMANICS), the ISSNSM presented within 5 days eight different topics, covering the areas of (1) security, (2) virtualization and simulations, and (3) network monitoring and management. All of these run for a full or half day, including a short theoretical introduction and larger practical lab course components, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to compare respiratory-triggered balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) with breath-hold contrast-enhanced dynamic two-dimensional (2D) gradient-echo (GRE) and time-of-flight (TOF) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for portal and hepatic vein visualization and assessment of portal and hepatic venous variants. Sixty patients with liver disease underwent nonenhanced bSSFP and contrast-enhanced GRE, bSSFP, and TOF imaging. Contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs) for portal and hepatic veins were measured. Two readers rated the quality of portal and hepatic vein visualization on a 5-point Likert scale. The diagnostic performance of each MRI series in the detection of portal and hepatic venous variants was assessed in 40/60 patients who also underwent contrast-enhanced multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT). CNRs for portal and hepatic veins were highest on contrast-enhanced bSSFP images. Image quality of portal and hepatic veins was rated higher for nonenhanced bSSFP than for contrast-enhanced GRE (p<0.03) and TOF (p<0.003) and higher for contrast-enhanced than for nonenhanced bSSFP (p<0.003). Compared with MDCT, portal and hepatic venous variants were identified with an accuracy of 99% on bSSFP images, with an excellent interobserver agreement (kappa=0.97). Compared with MDCT, presence of surgically important portal and hepatic venous anatomical variants can be predicted with high accuracy on bSSFP images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the history of literary agencies in Zurich, Switzerland. The author notes the role of Zurich literary agencies in the German-language literature market and comments on how the area's stable economy led to the creation of the literary agency Mohrbooks by publisher Lothar Mohrenwitz. He discusses how the literary agency Liepman was created by journalist Heinz Liepman and his wife Ruth and then relocated to Zurich. He discusses how the literary agency Linder AG became Paul & Peter Fritz AG under the management of publishing executive Paul Fritz and his son Peter.

The article reports on the resignation of molecular biologist Ernst Hafen, college president of Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich, Switzerland. He had submitted his resignation letter in November 1, 2006, the day before the planned faculty vote of confidence he was sure to lose. The faculty members were united forcing Hafen to resign. It was because of Hafen's style of leadership. He mandated to reform the ETH by its supervisory council that has angered the faculty.

Reports on the key messages from discussions on nutraceuticals during the BioSquare partnering conference held in Zurich, Switzerland on February 2002. Growth of the nutraceuticals market in Europe; Partnering of nutraceutical producers with major food companies; Strategy of providing food marketing companies with value-added ingredients that have health benefits.

An introduction to the journal is presented in which the editor discusses the 29th annual Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) symposium held in Zurich, Switzerland on July 25-28, 2010.

The article reports on the development of fluorescence microscopy by professors Ivo Vellekoop and Christof Aegerter at University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, which will help cell biologist to see through the tissues.

The article reports on the study by economist Ernst Fehr of the University of Zurich in Switzerland on the effect of testosterone on social behavior. Fehr and colleagues gave a group of women a testosterone pill and another a placebo and observed their behavior while playing a game. It shows that the negative perception of testosterone as a substance linked to aggression may have affected women's behaviour in a negatively, although the hormone had a positive effect on social interactions.

The article presents a study concerning the devices being used in an operation for temporary surgical implants in Zurich, Switzerland. Reportedly, gas pockets being formed in tissues raises the risk due to some devices that are composed of magnesium in which it releases hydrogen gas when it deteriorates. Jorg Loffler along with his colleagues at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, created the glassy magnesium that reduces gas release with a 28 percent content of zinc alloy.

The article highlights a research that examined the process of how a non-pathogenic prion protein becomes the agent of Cruetzfeld-Jakob disease. Methodology-wise, the research team which is led by Peter Seeberger of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, Switzerland, started with a sugar molecule containing five subunits and a lipid chain of 19 carbon atoms. After adding the amino acid cysteine, the researchers developed an anchor made of sugar and lipid which the prion attached to a cell membrane.

The article reports on the wax models that portray skin diseases presented at the moulage museum in Zurich, Switzerland. It states that the wax exhibited at the museum are the final works of moulageuse Elsbeth Stoiber that have survived when the colour photography became cheap in the 1590s. Meanwhile, the moulage collection at the museum started in 1917 and after decades of doldrums, the interest is again revived in 1980s. In 2008, Zurich medical students use the collection and find the moulages more intuitive than pictures or images on computer screens for assessing subtle differences in the manifestation of diseases.

The article reports on the popularity of the Swiss Exchange (SWX) in Zurich, Switzerland as a financial home for biotechnology companies worldwide. According to bank analyst Ulrich Steiner, SWX is an excellent stock market that took initiative ten years ago to build up a biotech medical segment that makes it attractive for biotech firms that aim to raise their profile in Switzerland and attract investors. A recent survey shows that life-sciences companies make up a large proportion of the market and account for one third of the total market capitalization on the SWX. Market analysts also state that Switzerland's markets are dominated by well-known private banks and many wealthy individual retail investors, making it more suitable for biotechnology industries.

The article focuses on the type of management implemented by molecular biologist and college president Ernst Hafen at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich, Switzerland. Decision-making are usually shared by deans in most Swiss universities but not in ETH. Hafen, however, wanted to introduce a more corporate management model at the university. Because of such strategy, many faculty were against him that resulted to a public dispute requesting for his resignation.

The article presents information about events related to Pediatric Nephrology, which will be held during February 23-25, 2006 in Zurich, Switzerland. 4th International Conference on Pediatric Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy will be held in the campus of the University Zurich. European Society of Pediatric Nephrology invites people to visit their website to know about membership, training grants, newsletters and scientific meetings.

Shares the experience of a PhD student in biotechnology at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, Switzerland. Job opportunities in academia and industry; Limitations on future job choices.

Profiles Ruedi Aebersold, proteomics pioneer and professor of Systems Biology at the University of Zurich and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Switzerland. Job responsibilities; Employment history; Contributions to the research institute.

This article discusses the dilemma faced by the author, who is a second-year PhD student in biotechnology at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland. As he approaches the halfway point in his PhD, the question about what to do after graduate school is becoming more pressing to him. His decision is between pursuing the his academic research further, or taking an entrepreneurial path. The choice may ultimately depend on the success of his research, altering the catalytic properties of enzymes, an important aspect in biocatalysis. If his experiments succeed, they may open academic doors: if not, there are other options that he would like to explore, such as founding of a company.

Reports on the termination of the dendritic cell cancer vaccine trial at the Zürich University in Zurich, Switzerland. Continuation of the trial after the correction of errors; Allegations against the clinacal trial; Results of the second trial.

Presents information on the death of James E. Bailey who succumbed to metastatic cancer in Zurich, Switzerland. Articles written by Bailey that were published in the scientific magazine 'Nature Biotechnology'; Information on the significance of mathematical tools suggested by Bailey.

Comments on a tragic case of scientific misconduct which involved claims that researchers at the University of Zurich's Institute of Molecular Biology had produced functioning measles viruses by microinjecting cultured human cells with cloned complementary DNA (cDNA) produced from the RNA genome of the virus. Involvement of Isidro Ballart, who later commited suicide; More.