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Large-scale exposure assessments that include both between- and within-city differences in air pollution levels are lacking. The objective of this study was to model long-term particle exposure for the whole of Sweden, separating long-range transport from local sources, which were further separated into combustion and road dust. Annual regional, urban and local traffic PM exposure contributions were modeled for 26,000 addresses from a national survey, using a European scale model, an urban model and a local traffic model. Total PM10 was overall dominated by the regional contribution, ranging from 3.5μg/m³ (northernmost) to 13.5 μg/m³ (southernmost). Local traffic and urban sources contributed nationally on average to 16% of total PM10, but for urban populations this contribution was larger (for Stockholm around 30%). Generalized to the Swedish adult population, the average residential exposure contributions from regional, urban and local traffic PM10 were 10.2, 1.3 and 0.2 μg/m³, respectively. Corresponding exposure to PM, was 5.1, 0.5 and 0.03/