Search

Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot, the green seaweed species belonging to the family Codiaceae, is one of the mass macrophyte species in the Pacific Region of the Russian Federation. The C. fragile total lipid content amounts 13.92 ± 0.22 mg per g of dry tissue, of which 44% are glycolipids, 40% come from neutral lipids, while phospholipids account for 16%. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in C. fragile lipid extract is over 50% of the total fatty acids, of which ω-3 (36.2%) and ω-6 (17.8%) are predominant. Here, we studied the effects of the C. fragile lipid extract and Omega-3 reference drug on biochemical and physiological parameters of erythrocytes in mice exposed to stress (vertical fixation by the scruff skinfold). Under the impact of stress, erythrocytes underwent alterations in both their dimensional characteristics and membrane phospholipid profiles, leading to changes in their permeability and lability, as well as impeding their circulation through the capillary bed. The endogenous antioxidant defense system in stress-exposed mice experienced a considerable strain, as evidenced by an increase in the malonic dialdehyde level, with a simultaneous decrease in plasma superoxide dismutase and antiradical activities. The administration of the C. fragile lipid extract to stress-exposed mice entailed the restoration of the erythrocyte membrane lipid content, a decrease in the amount of lysophospholipids, and the normalization of the sphingomyelin/phosphatidylcholine ratio, which contributed to the recovery of erythrocyte dimensional characteristics and osmotic resistance, as well as blood antioxidant system parameters. The pronounced stress- and membrane-protective effect of the C. fragile lipid extract was due to the presence in its composition of a wide range of neutral and polar lipids containing ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs, which ensured a higher anti-stress efficacy of the algal extract compared to the Omega-3 reference preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comparative study of the lipid and fatty acid composition of Atlantic salmon underyearlings reared under natural and continuous light in commercial aquaculture in the summer–autumn period in North Ossetia–Alania was carried out. The change in the main indicators of lipid metabolism in salmon underyearlings from September to November was found to have a stable trend aimed at preparing juveniles for smoltification. A change in key fatty acid indicators was detected: an increase in the content of PUFAs due to (n-3)PUFAs, and the "marine" type of PUFA due to 22:6(n-3), high values of the ratios (n-3)/(n-6) PUFA, 18:3(n-3)/18:2(n-6), 22:6(n-3)/18:3(n-3). This study has shown the stimulating effect of the combined and stable action of the continuous photoperiod and feeding in the summer–autumn period in the preparation for smoltification of Atlantic salmon fingerlings grown under aquaculture conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: While no "gold-standard" pharmacotherapy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is yet established, essential phospholipids (EPLs) are reported to decrease steatosis and improve laboratory parameters. Objective: This analysis evaluated adherence and satisfaction with EPL treatment as patient-reported outcomes and their relationship with changes in laboratory and ultrasound parameters among Russian patients with NAFLD. Methods: Data were pooled from three observational Russian studies—MANPOWER (2015–2016), LIDER 1 (2012–2013), and LIDER 2 (2013)—in which EPLs were used for at least 12 weeks in the treatment of liver diseases and which measured both subjective and objective endpoints. Only patients who had NAFLD were included in this analysis. The main endpoints were to determine treatment adherence and satisfaction with 12 weeks of EPL therapy, relationship between adherence/satisfaction and changes in the laboratory and ultrasound parameters. A secondary subgroup analysis was performed to identify patients with NAFLD who responded better (or worse) to 24 weeks of adjunctive EPL treatment. Results: Overall, 3384 patients were included. A total of 82.2% of patients were adherent to 12 weeks of EPL treatment; high/very high satisfaction was reported by 15.3%/65.9% of clinicians and 15.9%/64.4% of patients. There was positive correlation between patients' adherence and satisfaction and significant improvement in laboratory (transaminases, lipid profile; p < 0.001) and ultrasound (steatosis, p < 0.001) parameters, and improvement in symptoms (p < 0.001) after 24 weeks of EPL. Male patients, patients with unhealthy lifestyles, and those with more comorbidities showed a better response in laboratory and ultrasound parameters. Conclusions: Patients with NAFLD treated with adjunctive EPL therapy in real-world clinical practice in Russia showed good treatment adherence and treatment satisfaction. Improvements in laboratory and ultrasound parameters, as well as dynamics of patient symptoms, were positively correlated with adherence and satisfaction. Plain Language Summary: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major cause of liver disease, and patients have a risk of liver cancer and needing transplantation. Patients with advanced NAFLD are usually recommended to use medication. Clinical trials in patients with NAFLD showed that essential phospholipids (EPLs) comprising phosphatidylcholine improved liver fat accumulation (known as steatosis), so treatment guidelines in several countries recommend they be added to the usual therapy. EPLs have been associated with both objective and subjective improvements. This real-world study evaluated three observational studies to assess how patient adherence and satisfaction with EPL treatment were related to changes in clinical parameters in 3384 Russian patients with NAFLD. Overall, 82.2% of patients were adherent with 12 weeks of EPL therapy, and almost two-thirds of patients (64.4%) and clinicians (65.9%) reported very high satisfaction with treatment. Patients' adherence and satisfaction increased alongside significant improvements in liver enzymes, lipid levels, liver fat content (steatosis), and fewer symptoms after 24 weeks of EPL therapy. Male patients, those with an unhealthy lifestyle, and those with other comorbid conditions had the best response to EPL therapy. This study shows that Russian patients with NAFLD have good adherence and satisfaction with EPL therapy in routine clinical practice and highlights the importance of adherence to EPL therapy in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The levels of total lipids, peroxidation products, and antioxidant activity in the liver were studied in fish species living in unequally polluted areas of the Rybinsk Reservoir and differing in their ecology and taxonomic position: the bream ( Abramis brama L.), roach ( Rutilus rutilus L.), burbot ( Lota lota L.), and zander ( Stizostedion lucioperca L.). The fish from polluted water areas were characterized by higher levels of total lipids and malonic dialdehyde and a deficiency of antioxidants. It is shown that the test parameters depend on the type of feeding and mode of life of the fish species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lipids from seeds of the plants Cynoglossum officinale ( 1), Echium vulgare ( 2), and Lappula squarrosa ( 3) of the family Boraginaceae growing in the Republic of Bashkortostan were studied. Four polyunsaturated acids, linoleic (LA), γ-linolenic (GLA), α-linolenic (ALA), and stearidonic (SA), were identified among the fatty acids. The principal acids of the neutral lipids (NL) were 18:1 and 18:2 in 1, ALA in 2 and 3, and GLA in approximately equal amounts in all three samples. The highest amount of SA (16.8 %) was found in 3. Unsaponified components of NL samples were identified by GC/MS. Alkaloids were observed in the pulp and polar lipids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the Bazhenovo Formation which is constituted as the main generator of oils in the West Siberian petroliferous basin in the South Kara region. It says that the Bazhenovo Formation is comprised of carbonate-siliceous-clayey bituminous sediments which are characterized by high concentrations of planktonogenic organic matter. It states that determining the catagenetic transformation of organic matter in the bazhenovites is important for the assessment of the oil-bearing potential of Tithonian-Neocomian sediments in the Arctic areas. Furthermore, it mentions that the lipid concentrations in organic water determines the ratio between the processes and the position of the lower distribution boundary of liquid hydrocarbons.

The White Sea is a natural analogue of arctic seas. The pollution of the sea by petroleum hydrocarbons is not high now. However, the load on sea ecosystem can increase in the nearest future because of the anticipated industrial development in its watershed, including an increase in oil, coal, and diamond production. The specific features of the nature of arctic marine systems (hydrological, ice, hydrobiological, hydrochemical, and radiation regimes), and the poor knowledge of the conditions of dispersion, transformation, and utilization of petroleum hydrocarbons in such seas make their ecological studies especially important. Petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations in the waters of tributaries and water areas of the White Sea (for 1980-2006 and 1989-2006, respectively) were evaluated using literary and authors' data. Analysis of the collected materials shows that the majority of petroleum hydrocarbons enter the sea's water areas with river runoff. Petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations were evaluated in major tributaries of the sea, including the rivers of Northern Dvina, Onega, Mezen, Niva, Kem, and Keret, delivering petroleum hydrocarbons into the bays of Dvina, Onega, Mezen, and Kandalaksha, water area near the Solovetskie Islands, and Chupa Bay, respectively (Bay - Gulf). Model calculations should yield within-year variations in petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations in different part of the sea (under a correctly specified load) and the conditions of their biotransformation and horizontal transport through the boundaries between areas within the sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The level of 25-OH vitamin D in the blood plasma in indigenous residents of northern European Russia has been studied. Vitamin D deficiency has been shown to be widespread. The lowest prevalence of vitamin D deficiencies (15%) has been found in male reindeer herders; the highest (80-100%) one, in adolescents aged 13-15 years. A significant decrease in the 25-OH vitamin D level has been found in the inhabitants of the Far North in March. A relationship has been found between the serum 25-OH vitamin D concentration and lipid metabolism parameters in residents of the Far North, which is confirmed by significant correlations with the total cholesterol, apolipoprotein A, high- and low-density lipoprotein, and vitamin A and E levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seasonal dynamics of major biochemical features were studied for three abundant egg-diapausing copepods Acartia bifilosa, Centropages hamatus and Temora longicornis, in the White Sea (66°N), between June 2002 and September 2002. Dry weight (DW) and prosome length varied from 0.54 μg ind−1 and 0.163 ± 0.012 mm ( A. bifilosa, CI) to 9.58 ± 0.72 μg ind−1 and 1.135 ± 0.167 mm ( C. hamatus, females). Corg and Norg content reached up to 5.91 ± 0.44 and 1.23 ± 0.09 μg ind−1 ( C. hamatus, females). Protein and lipid content varied greatly from 31.8 to 67.3% DW and from 8.7 to 42.6% DW, respectively. These species show somewhat different biology compared to species at lower latitudes. The copepods use lipid stores to survive during short-term food shortage (e.g. in autumn) and successfully complete their life cycle. In the isolated White Sea during last post-glacial period, species probably evolved some special biochemical features (especially wax esters presence). Food quality demands and long ice coverage are possible factors limiting early development of species in spring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a tribute to Vitalii Ivanovich Shvets, a Russian scientist and an academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Science, who is celebrating is 70th birthday. The research activity of Shvets was always mostly focused on the development of chemical and biotechnological methods of synthesis of various substances of lipid nature. Shvets is also the author of over 900 scientific publications.