14 results on '"REGIONAL economics"'
Search Results
2. Understanding regional variation in entrepreneurial activity and entrepreneurial attitude in Europe.
- Author
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Bosma, Niels and Schutjens, Veronique
- Subjects
ENTREPRENEURSHIP ,REGIONAL economics ,BUSINESS ,DEMOGRAPHY ,SELF-evaluation - Abstract
Differences in entrepreneurial activity and entrepreneurial attitude are substantial and persistent across nations and regions. However, studies on entrepreneurship that encompass regions and countries at the same time are lacking. This paper explains both national and regional differences in entrepreneurial attitude and activity for 127 regions in 17 European countries, based on Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) data. We reveal the importance of institutional factors and economic and demographic attributes to variations in regional entrepreneurial attitude and activity. Our findings point at the relevance of distinguishing between components of entrepreneurial attitudes, i.e. fear of failure in starting business, perceptions on start-up opportunities and self-assessment of personal capabilities to start a firm. We find different determinants of these components, suggesting that they reflect different aspects of entrepreneurial attitude. In explaining regional prevalence rates of phases in entrepreneurial activity (nascent, baby business, established business) we find significant contributions of entrepreneurial attitude components. Urban regions and regions with high levels of nearby start-up examples show relatively high rates of early-stage entrepreneurship. A large number of start-up procedures does not discourage early-stage entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. A spatial Mankiw-Romer-Weil model: theory and evidence.
- Author
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Fischer, Manfred
- Subjects
REGIONAL economics ,ECONOMIC models ,INTERNATIONAL economic relations ,EXTERNALITIES ,THEORY of knowledge ,ECONOMETRICS - Abstract
This paper presents a theoretical growth model that extends the Mankiw-Romer-Weil (MRW) model by accounting for technological interdependence among regional economies. Interdependence is assumed to work through spatial externalities caused by disembodied knowledge diffusion. The transition from theory to econometrics leads to a reduced-form empirical spatial Durbin model specification that explains the variation in regional levels of per worker output at steady state. A system of 198 regions across 22 European countries over the period from 1995 to 2004 is used to empirically test the model. Testing is performed by assessing the importance of cross-region technological interdependence and measuring direct and indirect (spillover) effects of the MRW determinants on regional output. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. The Baltic as a shipping and information area: the role of Amsterdam in Baltic integration in early modern Europe.
- Author
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Tamaki, Toshiaki
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL economic integration ,MARITIME shipping ,RELIGIOUS tolerance ,REGIONAL economics - Abstract
In early modern times, the Netherlands imported grain from the Baltic, especially Poland, and re-exported it elsewhere in Europe. The Dutch shipping industry was extremely profitable, for transport costs were very high, and the number of Dutch ships was by far the largest among the European countries. Dutch prosperity was based on shipping of grain from the Baltic. Amsterdam was also a center of information because it was a port at which many ships stayed, and which attracted various merchants owing to its policy of religious tolerance. Much commercial information and know-how were accumulated in and spread from Amsterdam which contributed to the growth of the regional European economy from the Baltic because many merchants migrated to Northern Europe via the city, bringing with them the latest commercial techniques. Amsterdam therefore served as a core of Baltic integration in the early modern period, for it was a center of shipping and information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Inequalities in income and education and regional economic growth in western Europe.
- Author
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Rodríguez-Pose, Andrés and Tselios, Vassilis
- Subjects
ECONOMIC development ,ECONOMIC indicators ,REGIONAL economics ,INCOME inequality - Abstract
Does inequality matter for regional growth? This paper addresses this question, using regionally aggregated microeconomic data for more than 100,000 individuals over a period of 6 years. The aim is to examine the relationship between income and educational distribution and regional economic growth in western Europe. Our results indicate that, given existing levels of inequality, an increase in a region’s income and educational inequality has a significant positive association with subsequent economic growth. Educational achievement is positively correlated with economic growth, but the impact of initial income levels is unclear. Finally, the results suggest that inequalities in educational attainment levels matter more for economic performance than average educational attainment. The above findings are not only robust to the definition of income distribution, but also across inequality measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Social Exclusion and Transgenic Technology: The Case of Brazilian Agriculture.
- Author
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Hall, Jeremy, Matos, Stelvia, and Langford, Cooper
- Subjects
TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,AGRICULTURAL innovations ,RURAL industries ,LAW & ethics ,BUSINESS ethics ,PLANT genetic engineering ,TRANSGENIC plants ,BIOTECHNOLOGY ,REGIONAL economics - Abstract
Many argue that transgenic technology will have wide-ranging implications for farmers in developing nations. A key concern is that competencies may be destroyed by predominantly foreign multinational transgenic technologies, exacerbating problems of social exclusion in the case of subsistence farmers. Conversely, those that fail to adopt the technology may become uncompetitive, particularly in commodity-based export markets. Drawing on interview data conducted in Brazil and supporting data collected in North America, Europe and China, we found that the impact of transgenic technology varies. It has less impact on farmers that adapt the products to their crop systems and environment, and greater negative implications for less formally educated subsistence farmers in consequence of both complexity and compatibility. Earlier attempts at industrializing agriculture through technological innovation led to vastly improved agricultural output and exports, but the benefits of productivity was not equitably distributed [D. Lee: , American Journal of Agricultural Economics 87(5), 1325–1334], nor was it designed to meet specific local environmental and socioeconomic farmer conditions, exacerbating social exclusion. Multinationals attempting to introduce transgenic technology without considering the broader social and ethical implications will invite resistance. We discuss the implications for policy makers, multinationals and small-scale farmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
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7. A forecasting territorial model of regional growth: the MASST model.
- Author
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Capello, Roberta
- Subjects
ECONOMIC forecasting ,REGIONAL economics ,INDUSTRIAL concentration ,INDUSTRIAL clusters ,MACROECONOMICS ,ECONOMIC models ,ECONOMETRICS ,MATHEMATICAL models - Abstract
The profound and unique institutional and economic processes which characterise the historic period Europe is facing and will face call for appropriate methodologies to forecast the impact of these processes on Europe and its territory. Few regional econometric models as the basis of forecasting exercises have been developed, either replicating national macroeconomic models, or through complex systems of equations for each region that are linked to both the national aggregate economy and to the other regional economies through input—output technical coefficients that determine intra- and inter-regional trade and output. This paper presents a new regional forecasting model, labelled MASST (macroeconomic, sectoral, social and territorial), built on a modern conceptualization of regional growth. In MASST, regional growth is conceived as a competitive, endogenous and cumulative process in which social and a spatial elements play an important role: local resource endowments and increasing returns in the form of agglomeration economies and spatial growth spillovers perform an important role in the explanation of regional growth differentials. MASST is generative in nature, since local factors matter, but it is also a model that considers a second family of development factors, these being macroeconomic and national. This structure of the model gives rise to the possibility of producing an efficient interactive national—regional approach, combining top-down and bottom-up approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. On the measurement of regional inequality: does spatial dimension of income inequality matter?
- Author
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Novotný, Josef
- Subjects
INCOME inequality ,DISTRIBUTION (Economic theory) ,WEALTH ,REGIONAL economic disparities ,ECONOMIC zoning ,REGIONAL disparities ,REGIONAL economics ,REGIONAL planning - Abstract
The paper concerns selected theoretical and empirical aspects of the decomposition of income inequality by spatially defined subgroups. Special consideration is given to the implications for measurement and comparison of regional inequality. The decomposition by the Theil coefficient is applied at global and European levels including estimates of historical development. Additionally, the empirical evidence on the decomposition of inequality in a number of countries is reviewed, regional inequality for 46 countries is estimated, and a simple method of cross-country classification according to relative importance of spatial dimension of inequality is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. European cities in the process of economic integration: towards structural convergence.
- Author
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Longhi, Christian and Musolesi, Antonio
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL economic integration ,REGIONAL economics ,REGIONAL planning ,METROPOLITAN areas ,URBAN growth ,ECONOMIC convergence ,ECONOMICS ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations - Abstract
The process of economic integration has triggered complex territorial dynamics in Europe. Basically, opposite dynamics appears to prevail for national and regional economies. The convergence process of the national economies of the EU coexists with a process of divergence between the regional European economies. The process of economic integration occurs in a context of increased importance of permanent innovation and of resulting increased territorialisation of activities where the metropolitan areas seem to embody the main issues at stake on European scene, particularly regarding its regional dimension. Different theoretical literatures have been developed, regarding both income convergence and regional specialisation in Europe. This paper is a first step towards a simultaneous resolution of the different dimensions of regional dynamics induced by the European integration: it focuses on the concept of structural convergence applied at the regional level and adopting the Wacziarg (2001) framework empirically establishes the existence of structural convergence of European metropolitan areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Convergence in per-capita GDP across European regions: a reappraisal.
- Author
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Meliciani, Valentina and Peracchi, Franco
- Subjects
ECONOMIC convergence ,GROSS domestic product ,STAGNATION (Economics) ,ECONOMIC trends ,REGIONAL economics ,MATHEMATICAL models of economics ,TIME & economic reactions ,ESTIMATION theory ,RESEARCH methodology - Abstract
This paper studies convergence in per-capita GDP across European regions over the period 1980–2000. We use median unbiased estimators of the rate of convergence to the steady-state growth path, while allowing for unrestricted patterns of heterogeneity and spatial correlation across regions. By permitting the model parameters to be completely different across regions, not only we avoid imposing strong a priori assumptions but we are also able to analyze the spatial patterns in the estimated coefficients. Our results differ from those found using conventional estimators. The main differences are: i) the mean rate of convergence is much lower; ii) for most regions this rate is zero; iii) the number of regions for which we reject equality in trend growth rates is substantially lower. We also find significant evidence of correlation of growth rates across neighbor regions and across regions belonging to the same country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
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11. Industrial structure and innovation - evidence from European regions.
- Author
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Greunz, Lydia
- Subjects
INDUSTRIES ,ECONOMIC structure ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,EXTERNALITIES ,REGIONAL economics - Abstract
Whether the composition of industrial activity influences innovation is the key question of this paper. The analysis is based on a model that integrates different kinds of diversity measures aiming at capturing Jacobs externalities, a production specialisation measure aiming at capturing Marshall-Arrow-Romer (MAR) externalities and regions as well as sector specific variables. Tested with an extended sample of 153 European regions and 16 manufacturing sectors, the estimates suggest that both kinds of externalities significantly influence innovation, although the influence of Jacobs externalities is more important in the context of “high density” regions as well as for high tech sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Entrepreneurial attitude and economic growth: A cross-section of 54 regions.
- Author
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Beugelsdijk, Sjoerd and Boorderhaven, Niels
- Subjects
ENTREPRENEURSHIP ,ECONOMIC development ,REGIONAL economics ,HUMAN capital ,ECONOMICS & culture - Abstract
In the literature factors like entrepreneurial ability, regional innovative potential, and entrepreneurial human capital are emphasized in explaining the economic success of regions. Using the European Values Studies (EVS) dataset on norms and values in 54 European regions, we distinguish values that characterise self-employed, which enables us to construct a regional aggregate that reflects the average score on entrepreneurial attitude. We show that regions differ in entrepreneurial attitude, and that a high score on entrepreneurial characteristics is correlated with a high rate of regional economic growth. In this way we empirically establish the link between culture and economy at the regional level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Increasing the Size of the "Country": Regional Economic Integration and Foreign Direct Investment in a Globalised World Economy.
- Author
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Buckley, Peter J., Clegg, Jeremy, Forsans, Nicolas, and Reilly, Kevin T.
- Subjects
TRADE blocs ,INTERNATIONAL trade ,REGIONAL economics ,FOREIGN investments ,INTERNATIONAL competition - Abstract
The establishment of trading blocs is a way of increasing the "size of the country" and the preference for local production. We focus first on the theoretical implications on firms' strategies of the increasing move towards regional economic integration in Europe and North America. Then we examine the impact regional integration in North America has had on the foreign investment strategies of firms by their country of origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2001
14. Convergence Process in the European Region - Cluster Analysis.
- Author
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Burian, Stanislav and Brčák, Josef
- Subjects
ECONOMICS ,ECONOMIC convergence ,REGIONAL economics - Abstract
The article presents information on a study aimed at assessing the character of the convergence process in the European Union (EU) member countries during 2002-2012. The study found that transitive economies approached the EU core in their chosen economic characteristics during the period. The results of the cluster analyses did not define the decreasing tendencies of cluster distances among European countries.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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