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Copyright of Hydrogeology Journal is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Human Ecology: An Interdisciplinary Journal is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cultural Studies of Science Education is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Economic Botany is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Asian soybean rust (ASR), caused by the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is the main disease affecting soybean in Brazil. This study aimed at investigating and mapping the resistance of the PI 594756 to P. pachyrhizi, by using Bulked Segregant Analysis (BSA). The PI 594756 and the susceptible PI 594891 were crossed and the resulting F2 and F2:3 populations (208 and 1770 plants, respectively) were tested against ASR. Also, these PIs and differential varieties were tested against a panel of monosporic isolates. Plants presenting tan lesions were classified as susceptible (S) while plants presenting reddish-brown (RB) lesions were classified as resistant. DNA bulks were genotyped with Infinium BeadChips and the genomic region identified was further analyzed in the F2 individuals with target GBS (tGBS). PI 594,56 presented a unique resistance profile compared to the differential varieties. The resistance was monogenic dominant; however, it was classified as incompletely dominant when quantitatively studied. Genetic and QTL mapping placed the PI 594756 gene between the genomic region located at 55,863,741 and 56,123,516 bp of chromosome 18. This position is slightly upstream mapping positions of Rpp1 (PI 200492) and Rpp1-b (PI 594538A). Finally, we performed a haplotype analysis in a whole genomic sequencing-SNP database composed of Brazilian historical germplasm and sources of Rpp genes. We found SNPs that successfully differentiated the new PI 594756 allele from Rpp1 and Rpp1-b sources. The haplotype identified can be used as a tool for marker-assisted selection (MAS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brittonia is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brittonia is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brittonia is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brittonia is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brittonia is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hydrogeology Journal is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The ascomycete Neodeightonia phoenicum CMIB-151 was isolated from bracts of a palm tree (Syagrus romanzoffiana) in Brazil, and identified by molecular techniques. This is the first report of the isolation of this fungus in South America, and for the first time this fungus has been described as producing an exopolysaccharide (EPS). Different carbon (glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, starch) and nitrogen (yeast extract, peptone, urea, ammonium sulfate) sources were evaluated for the production of EPS. Sucrose and peptone resulted in high production and yield of EPS. High production of EPS occurred at pH 6.0 and 8.0, and acidic conditions (initial pH 5.0) promoted higher mycelial growth. The EPS produced showed a high degree of purity, emulsifying activity and a high water- and oil-holding capacity; important technological properties for industrial applications. FT-IR and 13C-NMR (CP/MAS) analyzes showed typical spectra of carbohydrates containing six-carbon sugar in its structure, and the presence of β-glycosidic configuration with 3-O-substitution. The isolated EPS exhibited remarkable thermal stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Economic Botany is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction of exotic species into riparian vegetation can result in a negative impact on invertebrates and microorganisms and, consequently, on leaf litter decomposition. In Manaus (Brazil), exotic fruit plant species are commonly planted in the riparian zones of streams. We assessed the effects on leaf litter decomposition of replacing native vegetation (Goupia glabra, Mabea speciosa and Protium spruceanum) by exotic species (Artocarpus heterophyllus, Carica papaya, Mangifera indica, Musa paradisiaca and Syzygium malaccense) in Amazonian aquatic environments. We performed one-choice feeding (OCF) and multiple-choice feeding (MCF) experiments to evaluate leaf consumption, survival of shredders (Trichoptera: Phylloicus elektoros), fungal sporulation rate, and microbial decomposition. Richness of aquatic hyphomycete spores was similar in all species. Sporulation rate was higher in the exotic plant S. malaccense. We recorded shredder death only in the OCF experiment with exotic species with tough leaves. Microbial decomposition was higher in exotic plants A. heterophyllus and M. indica in the OCF and MCF experiments, respectively. Leaf consumption by shredders was higher in the native plant M. speciosa in the OCF experiment and in the exotic plant C. papaya in the MCF experiment. We concluded that the effects of introducing exotic plant species into a riparian zone on shredder survival and leaf litter decomposition appear dependent on the characteristics of the leaves introduced and the species present in the riparian forest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Economic Botany is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of AIDS & Behavior is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psicologia: Reflexão e Critica is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psicologia: Reflexão e Critica is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Over the years, the use of questionnaires has become one of the most used methods for analyzing individuals' experiences. Especially in the area of gameful environments (e.g., games, gamification, and simulators), the Gameful Experience Questionnaire, a self-report instrument to measure gameful experience, became one of the most popular. Despite the instrument's popularity, there is no Brazilian Portuguese version, preventing studies from being carried out in Brazil (i.e., a country with more than 200 million inhabitants), where only 5.1% of the population have adequate English comprehension skills. To face this challenge, we conducted a cross-cultural adaptation of the Gameful Experience Questionnaire, providing a version of the questionnaire in the Brazilian Portuguese language. For this process, we conducted a mixed-methods (i.e., qualitative and quantitative) psychometric study (N = 384) organized in six steps (i.e., (i) translation, (ii) synthesis, (iii) experts evaluation, (iv) target audience evaluation, (v) adapted instrument application, and (vi) validation (i.e., confirmatory factor analysis)). The results indicate that the cross-cultural adaptation took place efficiently, where the resulting instrument maintained the psychometric properties of the original, measuring the construct of interest with similar effectiveness (i.e., χ 2 / d f = 2.4, RMSEA = 0.061, CFI = 0.991, TLI = 0.989, GFI = 0.986 and SRMR = 0.061), enabling its application with Brazilian Portuguese speakers. With this study, we contribute to researchers and practitioners in the field of gameful environments by providing an instrument to measure gameful experience in the Brazilian Portuguese language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming to debate the the power of the counter-mobilization that emerged on Twitter during the coronavirus pandemic in Brazil, we carried out a documental study on Twitter collecting texts and images associated with the #BolsonaroGenocida hashtag, between March 13 and June 6 of 2021, a period in which intense public demonstrations took place against the Bolsonaro's government in the country. We analysed 1243 tweets and 503 images, identifying the main contents anchored and objectified by the hashtags, revealing the various dimensions that compose the social representations associated with Bolsonaro and his management during the pandemic. The tweets' contents comprehend the social and political demonstration arising from part of the Brazilian people against the actions taken by the president of Brazil during the Covid-19 pandemic, which led to thousands of deaths that could have been avoided; regarding the images, the results point out an emotional anchoring of Bolsonaro's image to death. It is therefore important to demarcate the nature of Twitter as an specific platform for the mobilization of SR through the sharing of images and texts, which ends up evoking emotions that contribute to accentuating the social identity of the group that is expressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black wattle is a tree native to Australia and commercially planted in South Africa and Brazil. Replacement of exported nutrients by wood and bark harvesting, associated with the maintenance of harvest residues, increases productivity, thus maintaining production sustainability. Here, we review recent advances in soil nutrient dynamics, harvest residue management (HRM), and soil organic matter in black wattle plantations. Over the 7–11-year cycle of black wattle, N is the most exported macronutrient (458–1509 kg ha− 1), followed by K (200–766 kg ha− 1), Ca (270–717 kg ha− 1), Mg (62–128 kg ha− 1), S (29–57 kg ha− 1) and P (16–40 kg ha− 1). The average increase in bark yield to 20 kg P ha− 1 applications on sandy soils was 2.7–2.9 t ha− 1 and on clay soils from 2.8 to 8.7 t ha− 1. Sandy soils with low K are more responsive to fertilizer, and rates must consider the K content and cation exchange capacity. Ca and Mg addition responses are more likely when in the topsoil they are in low concentrations (< 0.75 and 0.41 cmolc dm− 3, respectively). Micronutrient fertilization reduces the occurrence of gummosis caused by Phytophthora spp, and B deficiency is the most common and can be supplied by fertilization or foliar application (1 g B L− 1). Few studies have evaluated the impact of black wattle HRM on soil organic matter (SOM) and its effects on production. However, conserving SOM should be considered an essential practice for the sustainability of black wattle production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Worldwide, coastlines have been replaced and altered by hard infrastructures to protect cities and accommodate human activities. In addition, human settlements are common and increasing in lowland areas threatened by coastal risk hazards. These urbanisation processes cause severe socioeconomic and ecological losses which demand policy reforms towards better coastal management and climate resilience. A first step in that direction is to comprehend the status of coastal hardening and occupation of vulnerable areas. Here, we mapped the coastline of the most populous and developed state of Brazil: São Paulo (SP). Our goal was to quantify the linear extent of natural habitats, artificial structures (AS), and occupations in low-elevation coastal zones (≤ 5 m) within 100 m from marine environments (LECZ100m) along the coastline and within estuaries. SP coast has a total extent of 244 km of AS, of which 125 and 119 km correspond to AS running along the coastline (e.g., seawalls, breakwaters) and extending from the shoreline into adjacent waters (e.g., jetties, pontoons, groynes), respectively. 63% of the total extent of AS is located in the most urbanised region. Breakwalls were the most common infrastructure (108 km), followed by jetties and wharves (~40 km each), and aquaculture and fishing apparatus (~24 km). Over 300 km of the SP coastline has inland occupations in LECZ100m: 235 and 67 km are adjacent to sandy beaches and estuarine/river margins, respectively. Coastal hardening is advanced in the central region of SP resulting from intense port activities and armoured shorelines. In other regions, much of coastal urbanisation seems to be driven by secondary usage of the cities, such as real estate development for beach houses and tourism. Our findings suggest that coastal urbanisation poses a major but often neglected source of environmental impact and risk hazards in SP and Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Economic Botany is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psicologia: Reflexão e Critica is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psicologia: Reflexão e Critica is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Low-order streams and riparian wetlands are important contributors to the drainage network in the landscape. However, there has been little research into the nature of these ecosystems in Brazil. Our estimates show that riparian wetlands of low-order streams and other small associated wetlands cover at least 25% of the forested part of the Amazon basin and about 10% of the Cerrado region. Information on the semi-arid Caatinga is lacking, but ~ 3% of the area may be occupied by riparian wetlands and other small wetland types, many of which are periodically dry. Riparian vegetation includes a very large richness in tree species. The amount and species richness of herbaceous plants depend on light availability. In-streams of the semi-arid region of Brazil, hydrophytes are restricted by unpredictable flash floods and periodic drought. Aquatic food webs are largely based on the organic matter produced by the riparian vegetation. Large-scale agriculture and cattle ranching pose a serious threat to riparian wetlands, their biodiversity, and their function as a buffer in the hydrological cycle of the landscape. A nation-wide screening program would provide a more detailed picture and allow the elaboration of a national conservation and restoration program for the Brazilian riparia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Temporal variation in limnological characteristics favors an increase in aquatic macrophyte diversity in Neotropical riverine environments. We assessed temporal and environmental variability in the aquatic macrophyte community in riverine environments of the Tapajós river basin, southern Amazonia, Brazil. Hydroperiod, type of riverine environment, limnological variables, and surrounding woody vegetation were found to influence aquatic macrophyte richness, cover, and dry and fresh biomass. A total of 98 species from 68 genera and 40 families were recorded. The greatest observed richness in streams was during the dry period. Richness, cover, and biomass were greater in lagoons and rivers during rising water and flood hydroperiods. Amphibious and emergent species had higher biomass in flood and receding water hydroperiods. Higher richness, cover, and fresh biomass were mostly related to electrical conductivity. Suspended and dissolved solids reduced species richness in all environments. Greater tree abundance in the surrounding vegetation was associated with higher macrophyte richness in streams and with macrophyte cover and biomass in rivers. The aquatic macrophyte community in southern Amazonia is subject to variation in riverine ecosystem type, tree composition and structure in surrounding vegetation, hydroperiod (temporal variation), and limnological parameters (environmental/temporal variation). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron oxide-copper–gold (IOCG) deposit genesis is often genetically linked to magmatism due to temporal association between granite and mineralization and participation of magma-derived components. In the Carajás Mineral Province, NW Brazil, a set of ca. 2.6–2.5 Ga IOCG deposits has been interpreted to be genetically linked to contemporary granite, which are located along the Cinzento Shear Zone, in the northern part of the province. Despite the apparent temporal correlation, the understanding of ca. 2.5 Ga ages as magmatic may be misleading, since ca. 2.6–2.5 Ga reset ages have been previously reported for deformed and hydrothermally altered granites crystallized at ca. 2.74 Ga. We studied the morphology, texture, and composition of 2.74–2.73 Ga, 2.68 Ga, 2.64–2.62 Ga, and 2.59–2.55 Ga zircons from variably deformed and metasomatized granites located along the Cinzento Shear Zone. Our study reveals re-equilibrated magmatic, deformed, and newly grown zircon domains with compositional changes (Ta, U, Y, and LREE enrichment relative to chondrite) that inconsistently follow textural patterns. The overprint arises from diffusion–reaction, coupled-dissolution-reprecipitation processes, and alteration of metamict zircons, likely aided by alkaline (Na–K-rich) and F-Cl-rich hydrothermal fluids that circulated regionally in the Carajás Province. Such processes account for disturbances and resetting of the U-Th-Pb isotopic system in zircon; therefore, the geochronological record in granites from our study can be associated with the first (ca. 2.72–2.68 Ga) and the second (ca. 2.6–2.5 Ga) IOCG-forming hydrothermal events rather than to igneous crystallization. In this context, we rule out a temporal link between granitic magmatism and the IOCG deposits at Carajás. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is limited contemporary prospective real-world evidence of patients with chronic arterial disease in Latin America. The Network to control atherothrombosis (NEAT) registry is a national prospective observational study of patients with known coronary (CAD) and/or peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in Brazil. A total of 2,005 patients were enrolled among 25 sites from September 2020 to March 2022. Patient characteristics, medications and laboratorial data were collected. Primary objective was to assess the proportion of patients who, at the initial visit, were in accordance with good medical practices (domains) for reducing cardiovascular risk in atherothrombotic disease. From the total of patients enrolled, 2 were excluded since they did not meet eligibility criteria. Among the 2,003 subjects included in the analysis, 55.6% had isolated CAD, 28.7% exclusive PAD and 15.7% had both diagnoses. Overall mean age was 66.3 (± 10.5) years and 65.7% were male patients. Regarding evidence-based therapies (EBTs), 4% were not using any antithrombotic drug and only 1.5% were using vascular dose of rivaroxaban (2.5 mg bid). Only 0.3% of the patients satisfied all the domains of secondary prevention, including prescription of EBTs and targets of body-mass index, blood pressure, LDL-cholesterol, and adherence of lifestyle recommendations. The main barrier for prescription of EBTs was medical judgement. Our findings highlight that the contemporary practice does not reflect a comprehensive approach for secondary prevention and had very low incorporation of new therapies in Brazil. Large-scale populational interventions addressing these gaps are warranted to improve the use of evidence-based therapies and reduce the burden of atherothrombotic disease. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04677725 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the southernmost part of the Southern Brasília Orogen (SE Brazil), regional ultra-high temperature metamorphism has been reported mainly in garnet-bearing granulites and (garnet)-orthopyroxene-bearing leucosomes at the base of the Socorro-Guaxupé Nappe, but detailed petrological studies focusing on garnet-absent mafic granulites at the upper crustal levels of this terrain are still scarce and the tectonic setting in which these extreme thermal conditions were attained are still under debate. In this study, we focus on reconstructing the metamorphic P–T paths of (garnet-absent) mafic granulites at intermediate crustal levels of the Socorro-Guaxupé Nappe using petrography, compositional maps, phase diagram modelling and Ti-in-quartz geothermometry. Our results indicate that the mafic granulites record peak P–T conditions of ~ 970 °C and 9.0–9.5 kbar (thermobaric ratio of ~ 1078 °C GPa−1) and their retrograde paths are characterized by both decompression and cooling, down to ~ 840–850 °C and 5.5–6.0 kbar. Our peak temperature results are consistent with other estimates for granulites and orthopyroxene-bearing leucosomes throughout the nappe, but the (peak) pressure results indicate points to its decrease towards the structural top. The similarity of retrograde paths throughout the Guaxupé Nappe suggests similar exhumation dynamics at different crustal depths. Furthermore, a prominent decompression vector along with the thermal peak, indicated by intergrowth microtextures and chemical zoning, coupled with compositional isopleths, suggests regional metamorphism during the continental collision between the Paranapanema and the São Francisco paleoplates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of laboratory tests were carried out focusing on the fracture characteristics of granite under different stress conditions. The macroscopic mechanical characteristics of granite, such as nonlinear stress–strain curve, tension compression bi-modularity, crack initiation, and propagation laws during Brazil splitting, were analyzed with the help of the digital image correlation method. A fine discrete-element model was established based on the laboratory test results and aimed to overcome the shortcomings of traditional simulation. The proposed model reproduced the characteristics of inherent microcrack closure, tension compression bi-modularity, and crack evolution under different stress paths. The detailed calibration method of the microparameters in the model was summarized. The relationship between macro-mechanical properties and micro-attributes of granite was further analyzed using the fine discrete-element model. The stress thresholds in uniaxial compression and crack initiation phenomenon in Brazil splitting were analyzed and explained from the micro-perspective. The microphysical significance of the Hoek–Brown criterion in shear failure was clarified through analyzing numerical test results. Hoek–Brown criterion is found being a statistical rule summary of the overall strength composed of the random distribution of the strength of the two parts in the rock: the cohesion of bonded particles and the friction of nonbonded particles. Highlights: A comprehensive discrete-element model is established that can simultaneously reflect the characteristics of inherent microcrack closure, tension compression bi-modularity and crack evolution under different stress paths. The stress thresholds in uniaxial compression and the crack initiation phenomenon in Brazil splitting are analyzed and explained from the micro-perspective. The microphysical significance of Hoek–Brown criterion is clarified through numerical tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We used Chironomidae functional attributes to assess how spatial and temporal scales influence assemblage structure. We collected Chironomidae larvae in 10 streams from southern Brazil over 5 years and measured land use, limnological variables, and rainfall. We use substrate and habitat preference as ecological attributes and feeding habits and tube construction as biological attributes. We performed a between-class correspondence analysis using spatial and temporal scales. In years with greater rainfall and turbidity and lower water temperature, the predominant functional characteristics were preferred for lotic environment and leaf substrate. On the spatial scale, in streams that showed more exposed soil, the predominant functional characteristics were lentic habitat and muddy substrate. For streams with more vegetation, pasture, and electrical conductivity, the ecological trait was leaf substrate. The functional structure of assemblage responds to both scales only for ecological attributes. On the spatial scale, we observed that land use was the main predictor, whereas on the temporal scale, rainfall was the most important predictor. We emphasize that extreme climatological phenomena can potentialize the effects of environmental variables, which shows the importance of the time scale for environmental quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psicologia: Reflexão e Critica is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brittonia is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Economic Botany is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psicologia: Reflexão e Critica is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psicologia: Reflexão e Critica is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psicologia: Reflexão e Critica is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psicologia: Reflexão e Critica is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psicologia: Reflexão e Critica is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Metacommunity studies have demonstrated that local macroinvertebrate communities are structured not only by local environmental conditions but also by spatial processes. Effective bioassessment tools should account for spatial processes while doing so with the least amount of cost. In this study, we applied variance partition techniques based on redundancy analysis to assess the performance of three sets of benthic invertebrate metrics in detecting agricultural land-use effects in a SE Brazil rainforest watershed. Macroinvertebrate data were analyzed separately regarding their taxonomic, functional structure and bioindicator metrics developed for the study region. We stipulated that groups of metrics most sensitive to land-use effects should have the highest amount of variance explained by the joint effects of land use and environmental variation, independently of spatial structuring. Statistical analyses were repeated removing rare taxa in order to assess the effects of their inclusion in the responsiveness of each group of metrics. Traditional bioindicator metrics were more responsive to environmental variation associated with agriculture than taxa abundances and functional attributes. Furthermore, a few common taxa drove a high proportion of the variation observed in invertebrate communities, regardless of how invertebrate data were organized. Similar analytic approaches have the potential to be useful in curtailing sorting and identification efforts when developing macroinvertebrate-based biomonitoring protocols, especially in areas where information regarding the taxonomy of benthic communities is still poorly described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cacao-based agroforestry systems can sequester much soil carbon (C), but information on soil organic matter (SOM) chemical composition within aggregates still needs to be available. This study aimed to evaluate (1) the impact of forest or pasture conversion to cacao AFS by assessing the chemistry of the Cm fraction, considering this as the primary C pool in the studied soils, and (2) which C chemical compounds are associated with the aggregate density fractions. Soil chemical characterization was performed using solid-state 13 C CPMAS NMR. The conversion of pasture into cacao AFS did not impact the chemical composition of C. However, converting natural forest into cacao AFS provided differences in the composition of C compounds, mainly in macroaggregates. Notably, the young rubber tree was more prevalent in promoting changes in the chemical composition of C than cacao. The chemical composition of C in Cm density fractions did not vary across the land-use systems, and it was mostly represented by alkyl-C and O/N-alkyl-C forms. The composition of POM fractions was mainly aryl-C. The knowledge of soil organic matter chemical composition proved to be an adequate tool for application in models to establish management strategies and guide policy toward consolidating low-carbon agriculture in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crop irrigation requirements are usually estimated based on crop evapotranspiration (ETc) as determined by the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and crop coefficient (Kc). There is a lack of knowledge on the irrigation requirements of tropical forage crops in Brazil, contrasting with the increasing use of irrigation in pastures. The effort of this study was to investigate what would be the water needs of tropical forages in Southern Brazil, based on a robust experimental database. The study was carried out in São Paulo State-Brazil using different forages species and their combinations [Guinea grass (GG); Guinea grass + black oat + ryegrass (GOR); Bermuda grass (BG), and Bermuda + black oat + ryegrass (BOR)]. The experimental fields were fully irrigated, and the Kc values were derived from ETc measurements on lysimeters; ETo was estimated using daily data from a nearby weather station and the standard FAO56 parameterization. Mean daily ETc values for GG, GOR, BG and BOR were 4.1, 2.9, 3.6, and 3.4 mm, respectively, and respective mean Kc values were 0.99, 0.90, 1.0, and 0.94. Average Kc values for all plots decreased as ETo increased, producing a negative Kc-ETo relationship, mainly when ETo reached values greater than 5 mm d−1. This was most likely due to internal plant stomatal resistance to vapor release from the leaves diffusing to the atmosphere at high ETo. So, the time-based Kc curves described by FAO 56 manual should be adjusted for the analyzed crops considering different ranges of ETo to improve the required irrigation depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change affects ecosystems in different ways. These effects are particularly worrying in the Neotropical region, where species are most vulnerable to these changes because they live closer to their thermal safety limits. Thus, establishing conservation priorities, particularly for the definition of protected areas (PAs), is a priority. However, some PA systems within the Neotropics are ineffective even under the present environmental conditions. Here, we test the effectiveness of a PA system, within an ecotone in northern Brazil, in protecting 24 endangered bird species under current and future (RCP8.5) climatic scenarios. We used species distribution modeling and dispersal corridor modeling to describe the priority areas for conservation of these species. Our results indicate that several threatened bird taxa are and will potentially be protected (i.e., occur within PAs). Nonetheless, the amount of protected area is insufficient to maintain the species in the ecotone. Moreover, most taxa will probably present drastic declines in their range sizes; some are even predicted to go globally extinct soon. Thus, we highlight the location of a potentially effective system of dispersal corridors that connects PAs in the ecotone. We reinforce the need to implement public policies and raise public awareness to maintain PAs and mitigate anthropogenic effects within them, corridors, and adjacent areas, aiming to conserve the richness and diversity of these already threatened species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the influence of the 2015 economic crisis on subjective well-being (SWB) and the withdrawal of support for the incumbent party during the 2018 presidential election in Brazil. Using Gallup World Poll data and a post-election national survey conducted by the Center for Studies on Public Opinion, we find that the economic crisis influenced through different channels both SWB and vote switching. Worsening personal economic circumstances explain the decline in SWB in the aftermath of the crisis, while deteriorating perceptions about the economy explain the vote switching during the presidential election in 2018. Leadership disapproval played a role in both, but to different degrees. One possible explanation for the limited effect of personal economic circumstances on voting behavior in Brazil is that those who were most severely affected by the economic downturn, specifically the poorest individuals in the country, did not see voting for Bolsonaro as a feasible or desirable choice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of possible endocrine disruptors in surface and wastewater using a cell proliferation assay in an estrogen-responsive cell line (MCF-7). This study was conducted in the Sinos River (Brazil). The residual water was collected from a Pilot Treatment Plant (using Typha domingensis) and surface waters of the Luis Rau stream, the Sinos River, and the Water Treatment Station (WTS). After exposures (24–120 h), a Sulforhodamine B assay was performed to determine the proliferation rate. The higher increase in proliferation rate was observed with the Luiz Rau stream and the sewage treated by macrophytes in a flotation filter. The results from WTS water remained with a proliferation rate similar to the negative control at all times, suggesting that the conventional treatment is partially effective for the withdrawal of endocrine-disrupting agents. The study demonstrated the efficiency of the MCF-7 line in assessing endocrine disruption caused by wastewater and surface water samples. Our results indicate that conventional water treatment can partially remove the polluting load of endocrine disruptors, minimizing their environmental and public health impacts. Besides, it demonstrates the need to expand sanitary services to improve the population's quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hunting by rural and urban populations is essential for securing access to protein and other nutrients throughout the tropics. The hunting patterns of urban hunters in Amazonia, and the similarities with those of rural hunters, are unclear, as are the social factors that influence hunting practices. We analyze the effects of socioeconomic and cultural factors on hunting frequency and composition of species hunted by urban and rural Amazonian hunters. We interviewed 49 urban hunters and 57 rural hunters within 10 municipalities in western Amazonia in Brazil. A total of 44 species were cited as hunted. Our analyses show that the probability of engaging in sport hunting (for recreation) is greater among urban hunters. Rural inhabitants, hunters with lower monetary incomes, and hunters who were non-practicing Christians and atheists hunted more frequently. The composition of species hunted was similar, regardless of the hunters' livelihood (rural or urban) or religion. We found that hunting frequency is influenced by hunters' socioeconomic and cultural backgrounds, but these factors do not affect the composition of the harvest. This similarity between urban and rural hunters might be related to species distribution and availability and could potentially impact the most hunted species if hunting grounds overlap. Understanding hunting patterns, especially those of urban hunters, allows for more effective hunting management strategies, improvements in law enforcement against illegal hunting, as well as development of more effective and sustainable conservation actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A multiproxy approach involving grain size, geophysical (resistivity, magnetic susceptibility, and P-wave velocity), mineralogical (XRD), and geochemical (elemental, stable isotopes) data has been applied to core SP9 (128 cm long) to reconstruct natural and anthropogenic changes since ≈1850 AD (anno domine) (dating by 210Pb and 127Cs methods) in a distal region of Sepetiba Bay (SB), Rio de Janeiro State (SE Brazil). The analyzed core is a fine-grained sedimentary sequence (except its upper 20 cm). It comprises detrital particles derived from felsic and intermediate source rocks, as suggested by the fields defined by the biplot Zr vs TiO2 and the Al2O3/TiO2 ratios. Despite the increase in particle size at the top of the core, there was a progressive increase in the organic matter and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) contents and nutrients such as N and P. The geophysical data allowed us to identify the presence of subsurface (biogenic) gas, which suggests the occurrence of eutrophication processes in the study area despite its location in the outer region of the bay. Core SP9 records cyclical changes over the last ≈170 years in the mineralogical and elemental composition of the sediments and type of organic matter supplied to the bottom. These changes are associated with phases of more significant oceanic influence, salinity variations in the study area, and greater or lesser oxygen depletion in the sediment. These changes may have resulted from climatic oscillations or variations in the configuration and extension of the Ponta da Pombeba spit. The extent of this structure and the anthropic activities have contributed to the contamination of this area since 1975 AD. However, statistical analyses (Pearson correlations and principal components analysis) suggest that the transport and accumulation of PTEs (mainly Cd and Zn) did not strictly follow the general pattern of sedimentary dynamics prevailing in the studied area. Results indicate that this area became strongly polluted by Cd and Zn and with high ecological risk due to dredging and spoil disposal activities at sites close to the study area. It is noted that the environmental degradation reached higher levels here than in areas close to the primary source of the metals, the disabled Ingá Mercantil Company, in Madeira Island. This work demonstrates the temporal effect of dredge disposal activities in a distal region of Sepetiba Bay for the first time. It is a strong indicator that dredged spoil areas must be selected carefully, since healthy areas can become degraded due to the dumping of polluted waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vereda is a wetland ecosystem typical of the Cerrado biome characterized by diverse vegetation with dynamic and transitional areas of riparian forests, gallery forests, flooded forests, and humid grassland. In general, they are associated with controlling the flow of the water table, carbon storage, and high biodiversity and are essential to the maintenance of most rivers in the Cerrado biome. Besides that, Vereda is poorly studied, especially zooplanktonic groups. To lessen this knowledge gap, we evaluated the effects of seasonality and environmental predictors on the zooplanktonic community of Vereda. For that, we sampled zooplanktonic assemblages in the Veredas in the dry and wet seasons. We found environmental influence but not for the zooplankton community. The characteristic low conductivity seems to be an important environmental filter for zooplankton species occurrence in these systems, since the Veredas that registered major levels of richness and density were those with high electrical conductivity. Highlighting that some zooplankton species with a more restricted distribution were detected in this study: Acroperus tupinamba, which occurs in Brazil and Ecuador; Monospilus sp., for which only two species of this genus were registered in Brazil, both with restricted distribution, found thus far in only two protected areas of the Cerrado biome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Changes in landscape structure resulting from intensive land use along with low plant diversity in agroecosystems can negatively affect pollination services, but it is still poorly understood how the underlying processes can affect wild pollinators in tomato crops. Objectives: We investigated to what extent tomato crop management (mixed-species system versus monoculture) and landscape structure are related to community metrics of flower-visiting bees (species composition, richness, abundance, and flower visitation rate) at two different scales (buffers of 500 and 2000 m). Methods: The research was conducted in ten commercial tomato fields located in Southeastern Brazil. In five fields, management was based on a mixed-species system, and the other five tomato crops used a monoculture system. In the core area of each field, we deployed two adjacent transects of 100 m that were sampled at the same time by two independent trained observers. Every hour, from 7 to 14 h, a 30-min observation was conducted in each transect. The bees was observed or collected during their flower visitation. Results: The differences in species composition were significantly driven by the abundance of Apis mellifera (the only exotic species; 14% of bee observations), which was higher in crops with lower native cover, and the abundance of Paratrigona lineata (the most abundant species; 55% of bee observations), which was higher in the mixed-species system. Mixed crops and a higher percentage of natural vegetation positively affected the occurrence of native bees, while the percentage of exotic species tends to be higher in monocultures and non-native landscapes. The relative importance of landscape structure decreased for some bee community metrics in the 2000 m buffer. Conclusions: Our results reinforce that the mixed-species system and the conservation of natural habitats are important for maintaining the diversity of wild bees and the pollination service that they provide to both crops and native vegetation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]