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Sustainable development is a common goal across the world. As the core force to promote economic growth and enhance national competitiveness, the sustainable development of urban agglomeration is a key component of national strategy. This study explored the scale optimization in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration (YRDUA) under the framework of sustainable development. Results showed that the sustainability of the overall urban agglomeration development is not optimal. With the increase in cities, the sustainability of the city combination formed with Shanghai as the seed point showed a trend of increasing at first and then decreasing. When the number of city group is 6, the sustainable development goal (SDG) index score is the highest. It indicated that the combination formed by some cities may be superior to urban agglomeration in sustainability. Therefore, the concept of pan-metropolitan area was proposed, and at current stage, the pan-metropolitan area should be developed first to achieve sustainable development within a smaller urban group, and then to build high-quality and coordinated development at the entire urban agglomeration. Finally, a road of urban agglomeration integration and international development from part to whole will be established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The green transformation of industry and sustainable economic development both require considerable investment. In this regard, green finance that is compatible with economic development can help cope with the massive demand for capital. Taken China's Yangtze River Delta (YRD) as an example, this study is to measure the coordination degree between green finance and economic development. First, the concept, content and scope of green finance is defined based on the new financial regulation mechanism. Second, a green finance measurement index is built to calculate the green finance index for 30 Chinese provinces by the CFA test. Third, based on the economic structure index, an economic development index is built. Testing the rationality of green financial index and the economic development index, this paper finally measures the degree of coordination between green finance and economic development in the YRD. The results reveal that, first, green finance is a financial instrument that integrates financial industry development, environmental improvement, and economic growth. The measurement of the green financial development index includes the sum of regional green credit, green investment, green securities, and green insurance. Second, after years' development, the comprehensive score of YRD's coupling coordination degree exceeds 0.8 in 2020, which shows a high level of coordinated development between green finance and economic construction. However, there is a 2-year timing effect between the economic development and green finance index increase, which reveals that green finance development in the YRD requires further policy guidance and support. This study's findings can provide a theoretical reference and case support for the further development of green finance and related policies in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bangladesh, being the fastest growing economy in the South Asian region, necessitates a comprehensive study to evaluate the influence of various socio-economic factors. The primary objective of this study is to get a comprehensive understanding of the concept of sustainable development and its relationship to carbon emissions. This analysis will specifically consider the current status of economic and anthropogenic activities within the context of Bangladesh. This research examines the aforementioned matter by utilizing the latest accessible yearly data spanning from 1990 to 2020, as well as employing advanced econometric models including the dynamic autoregressive distributed lag approach and frequency domain causality test. The analysis of empirical data reveals that the economic growth experienced in Bangladesh has yielded a discernible and favorable influence on the degradation of the environment, in both the immediate and extended periods. Nevertheless, it is crucial to acknowledge that the observed impact holds no statistical significance. Furthermore, it is apparent that energy consumption has a substantial impact on the escalation of carbon emissions, in both the immediate and prolonged periods. Additionally, the processes of industrialization and foreign direct investment have also exerted adverse effects on short-term carbon emissions. A frequency domain causality test is used in this work to do a robustness analysis and confirm that there are causal links between economic growth, energy use, development, and carbon emissions over a range of time frames, such as the short, middle, and long terms. The above studies have given us a lot of useful information about how economic growth, energy use, industrialization, and environmental sustainability all affect each other in Bangladesh. Bangladesh should prioritize the formulation of policies and regulations that are centered around specific goals. These objectives include: (a) enhancing government engagement in activities related to environmental innovation, (b) integrating ecologically sustainable development targets by adopting renewable energy sources, and (c) devising strategies and initiatives to attract foreign direct investment, facilitate knowledge exchange, and promote energy-efficient manufacturing to stimulate economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing industry is supported by smart and green manufacturing, which have great potential to empower the nation's green development. This study examines the impact of the Made in China 2025 industrial policy on urban green economic growth. This study applies the super-slacks-based measure model to measure cities' green economic growth, using the double machine learning model, which overcomes the limitations of the linear setting of traditional causal inference models and maintains estimation accuracy under high-dimensional control variables, to conduct an empirical analysis based on panel data of 281 Chinese cities from 2006 to 2021. The results reveal that the Made in China 2025 strategy significantly drives urban green economic growth, and this finding holds after a series of robustness tests. A mechanism analysis indicates that the Made in China 2025 strategy promotes green economic growth through green technology progress, optimizing energy consumption structure, upgrading industrial structure, and strengthening environmental supervision. In addition, the policy has a stronger driving effect for cities with high manufacturing concentration, industrial intelligence, and digital finance development. This study provides valuable theoretical insights and policy implications for government planning to promote high-quality development through industrial policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For almost a decade, countries have been working to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Yet progress on the SDGs across countries, as well as across the 17 goals, has proven frustratingly slow. Even countries that have performed relatively well on the SDGs may have done so by causing negative externalities, such as environmental degradation, in other parts of the world. To determine if this is the case empirically, we developed and tested hypotheses concerning how a country's SDG performance is associated with such externalities. We then ran a regression to examine correlations between indices measuring SDG progress, ecological footprints and international spillovers. We found that SDG progress is positively correlated with increased ecological footprints and spillovers. The results indicate that SDG progress remains closely associated with conventional measures of economic growth, and that negative environmental and social impacts of internationally-sourced consumption represent behavioural and structural barriers to meaningful progress on sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Significant demand for ecological services and diminishing environmental issues pose severe threats to the existence of humanity. Some scholars believe that the rapid development of financial sectors may add to this problem. Therefore, this study evaluates the impact of disaggregated financial development on the ecological footprint of the Next-11 countries using the panel data from 1995 to 2019. For in-depth empirical analysis, financial development is divided into three categories: banking sector development, insurance market development, and stock market development. Each class comprises four indicators, and the composite index is constructed using principal component analysis. Results of the unit tests indicate that variables are stationary at mix orders some variables are stationary at the level and others are stationary at the 1st difference. By utilizing DCCE and AMG estimations model. The study has confirmed the existence of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis in sampled countries by showing the inverted U-shaped relation between economic growth and ecological footprints. The results also revealed that both stock market development and banking sector development decrease ecological footprints and could help protect the quality of the environment. Furthermore, the findings show that municipal is inseparably linked to environmental adversity in the Next 11 countries. Therefore, to safeguard the ecological footprint in the Next-11 countries, sustainable practices with green financial development accompanied by green urbanization are among the appropriate solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Against the background of climate change and scarce non-renewable resources, transforming the fossil-based toward a bio-based economy is considered crucial for sustainable development. Numerous countries have released governmental strategies outlining their bioeconomy visions. This study examines the bioeconomy visions presented in 78 policy documents from 50 countries worldwide, building on earlier vision typologies. Through qualitative content analysis, 227 distinct policy goals were identified and analyzed. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the salience of specific goals, overarching goal categories, and distinct bioeconomy visions: bioresource, biotechnology, and bioecology visions. The results reveal that goals and visions prioritize economic growth, while environmental considerations are less salient. The bioresource vision emerges as the globally dominant perspective, while the bioecology and biotechnology visions have lower salience. These findings deepen our comprehension of current bioeconomy policies and emphasize the need for critical research on bioeconomy visions and their implications for public policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, environmental concerns have emerged as significant obstacles to economic advancement, leading to a critical examination of the complex relationship between environmental sustainability and economic expansion. With the economy expanding swiftly and environmental hazards intensifying, immediate action must be taken to address these problems. This necessitates innovative policies and practices that foster sustainable economic growth while minimizing environmental impact. To solve these issues, this study proposed an extensive analytical framework employing machine learning techniques, particularly artificial neural networks (ANNs), to investigate the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. According to the EKC hypothesis, environmental degradation worsens before economic growth occurs. This study examines GDP per capita and key environmental indicators to measure economic development, using data from Anhui Province, China, from 2012 to 2019. The analysis provides empirical support for the theory and establishes a modeling framework that seamlessly integrates ML methodologies with EKC analysis, systematically examining and assessing the EKC's reliability for Anhui Province. The intricate interplay between Anhui Province's environment and economy, utilizing industrial waste gas, wastewater, and solid waste as critical indicators, evaluates environmental quality. At the same time, per capita GDP is the economic growth parameter. The findings indicate that the EKC does not adhere to an unchanging law but instead displays variations in distribution characteristics. The experimental results of the proposed ANN model demonstrate an impressive accuracy rate of 87%, outperforming five alternative models, including RF, KNN, DT, and LR. This superior model performance underscores the effectiveness of the ANN-based approach in capturing the intricate dynamics linking economic development and environmental pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing interest in the Management of Eco-Friendly Supply Chains warrants this study. Green supply chain management (GSCM) is an approach to supply chain management (SCM) that takes into account environmental factors. Therefore, GSCM is vital in shaping the cumulative environmental effect of businesses engaged in supply chain operations. In addition, GSCM may help improve the effectiveness of sustainability initiatives. Manufacturing companies, particularly in developing nations like India, are trying to adjust essential procedures and supply chains because of the rising need to be ecologically sustainable. However, such efforts must be deployed strategically to be ecologically sustainable and economically successful. As a result, this study focuses on the relationship between green supply chain management and education that affect environmental sustainability and economic performance. As a further step toward more sustainable development, the mediating function of education is sustainable economic growth and environmental health. The data was collected by distributing a well-crafted questionnaire to manufacturing facilities in India. We employed PLS-SEM to analyze and interpret the data test hypotheses based on data from 415 replies. The findings point to cost and profit as the primary metrics of corporate success. Disposal of trash, usage of resources, and release of greenhouse gases are alternative measures of environmental sustainability. Distributed online links and in-person interviews with employees at companies throughout India who use GSCM procedures provided the basis for the study's primary data set. The data was gathered with the use of an organized survey form. The findings of tests conducted on the hypotheses were considered. According to this research, cost, profit, waste, resource, and GHG emission impacts vary depending on which GSCM techniques are implemented. Green supply chain management strategies significantly affect price, trash disposal, resource utilization, and GHG emissions. There was no discernible trend between GSCM methods and financial success. In addition to discussing the unique elements of sustainable supply chains and the limits of current research, this article also discusses how a company's bottom line will benefit monetarily from establishing a sustainable supply chain. This should inspire more study in this area. Our investigation revealed patterns and voids, and we used that information to outline a thorough plan for future GSCM studies. The research helps manufacturing company management improve their sustainable policies while providing policymakers with pointers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The value of environmental safeguarding is rising in both private and public spheres. What is meant by the term "green supply chain management" (GSCM)? It is minimizing the negative effects of a company's operations on the natural world. Particularly in the research and academic disciplines of the expanding economy of the China region, the concept of the intersection of green supply chain management and sustainable development is dissected at a foundational level. However, there has been little attention paid to how GSCM, GHC, environmental performance, and economic performance all relate to one another. This study fills that void in the literature by giving hard data to encourage businesses in the China area to adopt GHC (green human capital) and SCM (sustainable supply chain management) in order to significantly improve their environmental and economic outcomes. To better understand the interplay between these ideas, we constructed a conceptual framework. The information was gathered using a survey consisting of questionnaires. Manufacturing companies from ten (10) different areas in China provided the 470 responses. The information was analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). Research shows that green human capital and green supply chain management have a beneficial influence on economic performance but no discernible effect on environmental outcomes. The results also demonstrate that green supply chain management is an effective act as a mediator between environmental performance and economic performance, with a beneficial effect on both. An initial conclusion may be made that bettering the green human capital stock was more important for China's green economy's growth than bettering the human capital structure. Research like this helps fill out the picture of the green economy and informs policy decisions at the national level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is one of the energy resources that deserve to be qualified as a transition fuel for developing countries that cannot abandon their dependence on non-renewable energy use and adopt renewable alternatives. The current study examines how environmental degradation is affected by financial development, LPG use, and economic growth in the BRICS-T countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, and Turkiye) in the period of 1993–2018. For this purpose, four models were tested with Pedroni, Kao, PMG Panel ARDL cointegration and Dumitrescu-Hurlin causality methods. The results show that LPG consumption has a positive effect on the ecological footprint and an adverse influence on the CO2 emission of BRICS - T countries. The financial institutions exhibited to have a positive and significant impact on ecology. Economic growth displayed negative effects on environmental degradation and a positive influence on CO2. Additionally, there is significant evidence for the validity of the EKC hypothesis. Unidirectional causality exists between ecological footprint, LPG, financial market, and economic growth. The financial institution index shows bidirectional causality with the ecological footprint. There is also unidirectional causality between ecological footprint, LPG, financial market, and economic growth. Furthermore, the financial institutions' index shows a bidirectional causality with the ecological footprint. Also, economic development and financial institution index have a bidirectional relationship with CO2 emissions. On the other hand, the financial market index showed unidirectional causality with CO2 emissions. In short, our study highlights the need for a comprehensive and integrated approach to sustainable development in BRICS - T countries. Policymakers must balance economic growth with environmental protection and consider the potential trade-offs between policy options to promote sustainable and inclusive development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) theory and its possible relevance in the context of China and the complex and one-of-a-kind interaction between financial innovation, environmental deterioration, and China. China's fast industrialization and consequent economic expansion have been accompanied by significant environmental difficulties, despite the country's status as the world's second largest economy. The research takes a secondary data approach to its investigation of this topic, drawing on a large dataset that spans many decades to ensure a thorough examination of the dynamic interaction between financial innovation and numerous environmental variables. The primary objective of this research is to determine whether or not recent developments in financial technology have contributed to the current trends of environmental degradation in China. In keeping with the central tenet of the EKC hypothesis, this study uses cutting-edge econometric techniques to investigate the existence of nonlinear correlations and inflection points. In addition, the research analyzes how policy interventions and regulatory measures have shaped the tendencies spotted. In elucidating the usefulness of financial innovation as a tool for promoting environmental betterment, this study's findings substantially contribute to the current discussion around sustainable development and economic policy. This research also carefully assesses the applicability of the EKC theory in China, providing insights that may be used to inform future environmental policy decisions. Ultimately, the success of measures to promote sustained economic growth and the preservation of the environment in China depends on an in-depth understanding of these delicate relationships. In addition, the lessons learned from this study have the potential to serve as a guide for economies facing similar difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rising GHG emissions and climate change have resulted in number of catastrophes such as floods, droughts and heat waves. Accordingly, researchers are interested in exploring the nexus between GHG emissions and economic growth. This research study is motivated to explore the moderation of transportation competitiveness for economic growth and carbon emissions of transport sector in global perspective. The annual time series data for study variables are used for time period from 2008 to 2018 for 121 countries. The panel quantile regression (PQR) estimation technique is used for analysis of results. The study results validated inverted U-shaped environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) for quantile group-1 and 2, while U-shaped EKC was validated for quantile group-3 and 4. The moderation of transport competitiveness significantly tends to achieve environmental sustainability for economic growth and carbon emissions of transport sector for quantile group-1 and 2. However, the moderation of transport competitiveness increases carbon emissions of transport sector in quantile group-4. The study results implicated that process of economic growth resulted in expansion of transport sector in quantile group-3 and 4 beyond sustainable level. The various policy recommendations are advocated to improve the quality of transport sector to mitigate carbon emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is one of the largest infrastructure projects in the world, accounting for more than 30% of global GDP and 60% of world population. The economic growth of BRI member countries can be improved significantly, attributable to the successfulness of the infrastructure projects. The increased economic growth indirectly leads to higher energy consumption and environmental damage. In response to this, the BRI established a new concept and version of the project, namely green BRI. Thus, this study aims to examine if green finance plays a significant role in mitigating environmental degradation in the BRI region. Utilising a Generalised Method of Moments approach, we find green finance is negatively and significantly correlated with environmental degradation, suggesting green finance play an essential role to reduce the deterioration of environmental quality, while enhancing economic growth at the same time. In conclusion, BRI member states should continue promoting green finance by implementing incentive schemes, such as subsidising interest rates for the green loan, reducing corporate tax and establishing green credit guarantee scheme. Besides, in order simultaneously enhance economic growth, promote sustainability and achieve the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, both governments and private sector should work hand in hand to promote green transformation of BRI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) represents a comprehensive developmental blueprint that has been deployed across numerous Asian, European, and African nations, aimed at fostering economic growth and enhanced regional connectivity. However, concerns have been raised about its potential impact on the environment, specifically in the context of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Employing non-parametric analytical techniques, this research undertakes an empirical investigation into the relationship between economic growth (GDP), renewable energy consumption (REC), and CO2 emissions within the context of BRI participant countries, spanning the years from 2000 to 2018. The findings of this study reveal that REC exerts a pronounced and statistically significant mitigating effect on CO2 emissions, implying that an increase in REC corresponds to a reduction in CO2 emissions. In contrast, trade openness (TRADE) exhibits a positive and statistically significant influence on CO2 emissions, signifying that greater trade openness is associated with heightened CO2 emissions. However, the observed effects of GDP, fixed telephone subscriptions (FTS), and mobile cellular subscriptions (MCS) on CO2 emissions remain inconclusive, as their impact lacks statistical significance. The effect estimates of covariates on CO2 emissions using various models reveal that REC and TRADE significantly affect CO2 emissions, while GDP, FTS, and MCS still yield uncertain results. The outcomes draw attention to the necessity of implementing policies that encourage the use of REC and reducing trade openness as an efficient way of neutralizing CO2 emissions. This research provides valuable insights into the impact of the BRI on CO2 emissions and emphasizes the importance of addressing the environmental implications of this initiative. Policymakers should carefully consider these findings and develop effective strategies to foster sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study examines the link between fiscal expenditure and green economic development in heavily polluting Asian nations. The conventional wisdom that environmental sustainability and economic progress are incompatible is contested in this research. The study found a strong positive link between green fiscal policy and long-term economic development, offering empirical support for using fiscal policy to promote green growth. With an emphasis on high-pollution sectors like manufacturing and energy, the study used sophisticated econometric approaches, such as panel data regression and Granger causality tests, to evaluate the data from a few Asian nations. The findings supported the idea that increased government investment in environmental protection programs and eco-friendly technology positively impacted green economic development. The results also highlight how governmental actions influence economic trajectories and aid in the shift to a sustainable economy. The report emphasizes the need for cross-level and cross-sector policy coordination, arguing that achieving significant green economic development with comprehensive, well-integrated green fiscal policies would be more straightforward. The study also highlights the need for international collaboration and assistance while acknowledging possible restrictions on fiscal expenditure in emerging nations. Policymakers, environmental economists, and other stakeholders who want to transition to a green economy while pursuing economic growth and development should take these conclusions seriously. The linkages among fiscal investment and green economic development in heavily polluting Asian nations are substantially established in this work, but it also highlights the need for additional study. Future research could benefit from examining these patterns in a broader range of situations and over extended periods, given the intricate interaction of variables driving fiscal policy and green growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to extend the understanding of environmental and economic considerations on tourism activities in achieving sustainable development goals. The motivation of the study is to provide the empirical inference of variables based on study topicality and the implications to achieve SDG 8 and SDG 9 specifically. The study used panel data from 2000 to 2021 to check for cross-sectional dependency and performed various panel unit root tests to verify the unit root properties of the variables. With the help of Pedroni and Kao's statistical results, we confirm variables are integrated. The results from OLS modified and dynamic demonstrate the correlation between transformation, measured by patents and publications, and higher economic performance and lower environmental hazard, emphasizing the role of transformation. The results also show that tourism arrivals have a significant positive effect on reducing pollution hazards and increasing economic performance, which shows progress toward sustainable development. Based on the study, it was determined that the contribution of asylum seekers did not positively impact the host countries' economic conditions or environmental improvement initiatives. It was found that higher levels of education play a crucial role in promoting sustainable development through economic growth and mitigating environmental risks. To achieve sustainable development in the G20 economies, promoting tourism, undertaking transformational measures, and enhancing higher education are recommended. These results have significant implications for policymakers, firms, and an agenda of the United Nations sustainable development program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clean energy development has played a pivotal role in economic transformation. Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2006 to 2021, the spatial Dubin model was used to empirically investigate the impact of clean energy development on green economic growth. Furthermore, this research selected industrial structure optimization as the mediating variable to analyze the mediating effect between clean energy development and green economic growth. The results are as follows. Firstly, there is a positive spatial correlation for green economic development, in which the level of green economic development in a region can be influenced by neighboring regions. Secondly, there is a significant positive relationship between clean energy development and green economic growth, in which the clean energy development has a positive impact on green economic growth. Thirdly, the mediating effect analysis demonstrates that the clean energy development can influence green economic growth through industrial structure optimization. Based on the findings in this paper, several suggestions are proposed. China should formulate a unified national strategy for green economy by coordinating and balancing regional differences, develop the clean energy industry to promote green economic growth, and pay attention to the intermediary effect of industrial structure to promote green economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United Nations aim to perform a transition toward a sustainable environment where people can live by decoupling economic growth from resource use. Through the definition of the Agenda 2030 and the corresponding sustainable development goals, this transition asks for a lower dependence on non-renewable resources and for the use of recycled materials in a finite term perspective. In this respect, we provide an optimal control model which searches for an efficient allocation of labor between non-recycling and recycling sectors exploiting a given non-renewable resource. The optimization process is carried out over a finite time horizon in accordance with the need of rapidly achieving the targets imposed by the ecological transition. By employing the classical tools of optimal control theory, a complete theoretical analysis of the model well-posedness is developed under the assumption of linear production in both sectors. The approach is applied in order to simulate a hypothetical test case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation has been exhaustively explored from a theoretical and empirical perspective. However, most of the studies explore symmetric relationships, and none of these studies explicitly address the role of governance and financial development. Hence, this study uses both symmetric and asymmetric methods to investigate the linkage between governance, financial development, economic growth, and CO2 emissions in Pakistan over 1990–2018. The empirical findings show that governance supports environmental sustainability by reducing CO2 emissions. Moreover, adverse shocks in governance increase CO2 emissions. However, the findings of linear and nonlinear ARDL revealed that financial development increases environmental degradation by exacerbating CO2 emissions. Moreover, the results validated the Environment Kuznets Curve in Pakistan as more income reduces emissions. Our empirical results have several policy implications for environmental sustainability and sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on the sustainable development goals (SDGs) has brought attention to the significance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) due to their substantial contributions to economic growth. However, SMEs still need to develop integrated frameworks to assess the implications of sustainable operations while managing scarce resources. In this study, we investigate how top managers of SMEs utilize leadership competencies to balance and allocate resources for SDGs in a turbulent environment. To test the model, the analysis was conducted on 254 SMEs operating in an emerging market. The findings indicate that resource commitment plays a partially mediating role between leadership competencies and SDGs, while environmental uncertainty does not moderate the relationship between leadership competencies and resource commitment. These insights suggest that SMEs with competent leaders commit resources to SDGs regardless of environmental conditions. This research recommends that SMEs focus on cultivating competent leaders to navigate resource constraints and contribute to the SDGs in a turbulent environment. Further implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study examines the relationship between green finance development, carbon emission intensity, and economic development in China's 30 provinces. The entropy approach is used to calculate the green finance development index, and a panel vector autoregressive model is established using this index along with economic development and carbon emission intensity. The study finds that green finance can promote economic growth and help achieve emission reduction objectives, while increasing carbon emissions can also promote economic growth. The study also highlights regional differences, with the economic growth of the eastern and central regions negatively correlated with carbon emissions after surpassing the inflection point of the environmental Kuznets curve. Additionally, the study suggests that there is still room for growth in green finance in the western region. The findings have important policy implications for China in developing targeted development strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global emphasis on achieving sustainable development goals necessitates the involvement of researchers and regulators worldwide. In light of this, recent research has examined the effect of human capital, renewable energy, population growth, economic growth, and environmental protection on the sustainable development goals (SDGs) in a developed economy like Pakistan, which is the most important country in the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) region. This study analyzed secondary data from 1990 to 2019, using the World Development Indicators as the secondary data source. Using the augmented Dickey-Fuller test to investigate stationarity and the autoregressive distributed lag model to evaluate the nexus between variables, the researchers analyzed the relationship between the variables. The findings indicate that all predictors, such as the human capital index (HCI), renewable energy consumption, and renewable energy, exhibit a negative correlation with carbon emissions and a positive correlation with the SDGs. In this study, sustainability and the HCI are positively correlated. Reducing carbon emissions requires competent and dependable employees. As Pakistan transitions to renewable energy and strives for 30% green electricity by 2030, the report highlights the ecological benefits of controlled population growth. According to the Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI), effective climate policies advance the environmental objectives of a nation. Economic and population growth have a positive correlation with carbon emissions as well. These results facilitate Pakistani policymakers' creation of effective SDG-related initiatives for sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is to examine how FDI and green economic growth are related in Southeast Asian economies. It also attempts to find out the role of fiscal policy development in the relationship between FDI and green growth in the economies of the region. For this purpose, a dynamic panel threshold model is used for the data over the period 2000–2018. The main results show that FDI has a positive impact on the progress of green growth in these economies, with a stronger impact in the group of Southeast Asian economies with high fiscal development. This result confirms the pollution halo hypothesis, which states that FDI can promote green growth in a country. Aligning economic priorities to improve green fiscal policies, reforming fiscal integration programs, planning for green job creation, and implementing policies to attract FDI are recommended as important policy implications over the COVID-19 period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental SDGs, or Sustainable Development Goals, are a set of targets outlined by the United Nations to address the most pressing environmental issues of our time. These goals aim to promote sustainable development by addressing issues such as climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. By achieving these goals, we can safeguard the planet's resources for future generations while improving the quality of life for people around the world. This research investigates the effect of environmental SDGs on economic growth (GDPGRO) at the disaggregated level, with two dimensions: economic and social goals. Using panel data from selected SAARC countries between 2000 and 2020, we employ a panel ARDL (PMG) technique. The finding of this study shows that increasing access to SDG 7 (affordable and clean energy), SDG 13 (climate action), and SSDGs (social Sustainable Development Goals) is negatively associated with potential decreases in economic growth which can occur in several ways, such as increased government spending and taxes, redistributive policies, and regulations that increase costs for businesses. Promoting SDG 11 (sustainable cities and communities) and SDG 12 (responsible consumption and production) can lead to long-term economic growth. SDG 15 (life below water) and ESDGs (economic Sustainable Development Goals) have a positive relationship with economic growth by conserving and sustainably using terrestrial ecosystems that can contribute to economic growth in the long term. ESDGs lead to increased income, improved living standards, and reduced poverty and inequality. Policies should prioritize disaster risk mitigation, align climate change goals with sustainable development goals, and promote sustainable production and consumption. This can be achieved by incentivizing cleaner energy sources and sustainable cities. To balance economic growth with sustainability, policies should encourage responsible business practices and sustainable industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's world of rapidly expanding economies, the fundamental aim of most nations is to raise the quality of living for their citizens. The investigation aims to analyze how environmental rules affect the emergence of environmentally conscious economies. This research focused on China's 26 provinces to investigate the elements influencing green economic development. These components included information and communication technology (ICT), industrial structure (IND), human capital (EDU), and foreign direct investment. Spatial modeling and SBM methods were utilized to show that there is still a connection between the variables after all these years using yearly time series data that began in 2000. Overall, the results suggest that environmental regulation helps green economic development (GDE), whereas industrial structure significantly hinders. Similar to the previous point, information and communication technology has a favorable influence on building a sustainable economy. The problem of ensuring long-term economic growth via information and communication technology is complicated and has scholars engaged in exciting discussion. The expansion of the green economy is also affected by factors such as human capital and foreign direct investment. This study's findings illuminate the economic effects of environmental regulations and support the contention that such laws are necessary for accomplishing the win–win goals of green economic development and environmental protection. This means that the research provides a fresh perspective to consider the monetary effects of environmental restrictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of top economic growth with the goal of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has become an important issue in the world, and scholars have analyzed high-quality economic development(HED) influencing factors from many perspectives, but there are few studies on green finance(GF) and high-quality economic development(HED). we examine the logical link between green financing and high-quality economic development, as well as the transmission mechanism behind this relationship. Using data from 30 Chinese regions from 2011 to 2021, our empirical study shows that green financing may improve high-quality economic development. Several robustness tests show that this association exists. Furthermore, our findings indicate that more robust government governance and market synergy may promote green finance for high-quality economic development. Green finance can enhance high-quality economic development by minimizing resource mismatch and encouraging green technology advancement. Simultaneously, green finance for high-quality economic development is significantly heterogeneous. Green credit and green insurance are important forms of support for promoting high-quality economic development, with significantly higher impacts in the eastern regions than in the central and western regions. Our research offers policymakers insights on encouraging green finance growth in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon emissions have risen in line with China's economic expansion. The key to sustainable development is finding a way to strike a balance between economic expansion and environmental protection, so improving carbon emission efficiency is vital. This paper uses provincial data from 2010 to 2020 to account for total carbon emissions using the emission factor method and obtains carbon emission efficiency data on this basis. A dynamic spatial Durbin model is then used to empirically test the possible influencing factors. The results show that, firstly, the growth rate of total carbon emissions is generally in line with the growth rate of GDP, indicating that there is no 'decoupling' in the economic system. Second, regional carbon emissions and carbon emission efficiency are not necessarily related. Thirdly, there is a clear spatial effect on carbon emission efficiency. The eastern region has the highest carbon emission efficiency, the western region has the lowest, and the northeastern and central regions have little difference in carbon emission efficiency. Further spatial and temporal migration analysis reveals that five provinces have made the migration between 2010 and 2020. Fourthly, in the short term, the direct and indirect effects of the factors affecting carbon emission efficiency are insignificant, but in the long term, most of the factors have significant direct and indirect effects on carbon emission efficiency. Finally, based on the above research findings, this paper makes policy recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global greenhouse gas emissions are increasing when they should be progressively reducing, given worldwide concerted emissions mitigation efforts and protocols. To effectively tackle emissions to foster a sustainable climate, the situation's complexity needs a sector- and region-specific approach, not a one-stop analysis. We must first understand where the emissions originate—which sectors contribute the most to them. This study employs a panel multiregional framework with advanced econometric techniques accounting for cross-sectional dependence and heterogeneous slope coefficients to analyse GHG emissions (CO2 and CH4), sectoral output, economic growth and renewable energy dynamics across African regions from 2010 to 2019. The empirical findings are as follows: First, regional impacts of the economic sectors vary substantially, reflecting technological and socioeconomic differences leading to heterogeneous environmental patterns in the short and long term. Second, the estimated EKC turning points are uniformly lower, indicating slower environmental impact growth with sectoral development in African regions. Third, trade and urbanization are critical drivers of emissions in most regions and economic sectors, with a more pervasive impact on CO2 emissions than CH4 emissions. Finally, sectoral output imposes differential indirect CO2 and CH4 emissions effects via renewable energy, with East African manufacturing exhibiting the most significant emissions-reduction impact. Disaggregated, regional, and sectoral-specific strategies are recommended for designing green development pathways policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving environmental sustainability has become a global concern amidst increasing climate change threat. Using quarterly frequency data for the case of Russia from 1992 to 2018, the present study explores the interaction between disaggregated energy consumption (renewable energy and non-renewable energy), trade flow and economic growth on a broader measure for environmental degradation (ecological footprint). The choice of the variables draws strength from initiative of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDG, 7, 8 11 and 13) for responsible energy consumption and clean energy consumption while mitigating climate change issues. The study applied the quantile-on-quantile regression (QQR) and nonparametric causality-in-quantiles to capture these associations. The outcomes from the QQR disclosed that in the majority of the quantiles, trade openness and renewable energy use contribute to environmental sustainability, while nonrenewable energy amplifies ecological footprint. Furthermore, growth in Russia escalates its ecological footprint. Moreover, in the majority of the quantiles, all the exogenous variables can predict ecological footprint. Given the outcomes of this study, it outlines the need for a paradigm shift for alternative and clean energy consumption in Russian energy mix amidst its economic growth trajectory while accounting for green-development approaches. Pathways to fully achieve the sustainability targets are carefully outlined in the concluding section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental and social responsibility has become aspect of the new definition of China's economy, and the direction of green development has been further clarified. As the financial system is the lifeblood of a substantial economy, the Chinese government proposed to increase the proportion of direct financing, match the financial structure with green innovation, and promote green economic growth. Examining the institutional framework in China from 2004 to 2020, this study empirically investigates the effect of direct finance on regional green development applying moderating effect and spatial error models to three time spans. The findings reveal significant spatial differences in China's direct financing and regional green development, with a positive impact in central and western regions and a significant negative impact in the eastern region. Finally, under the institutional environment, direct financing in the eastern region significantly promotes the regional green development. Our research provides new insights to advance sustainable green economic development in China through action to strengthen the institutional environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in an era of rapid economic growth poses a significant challenge for policymakers and researchers. This study investigates the interconnected relationships between economic growth, innovation promoters, and sustainable development using data from 102 countries between 2016 and 2022. Employing multiple linear regression (MLR) models, we identify crucial factors influencing sustainable development. Our findings reveal a multifaceted relationship between economic growth and sustainable development, emphasizing the need for tailored development strategies. We highlight the diverse roles played by innovation promoters across various country clusters. We discern patterns of change in sustainable development and innovation performance through a comparative analysis of country clusters over time. These insights carry significant implications for policymakers, underscoring the importance of context-specific approaches to achieve SDGs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For high-quality development, inclusive green growth (IGG) is a crucial strategic option. Given the deceleration in economic growth, monetary policy has several obligations, including stabilizing growth, changing structure, and mitigating risks. However, frequent revisions of monetary policy may diminish its regulatory efficacy due to resulting uncertainty. Accordingly, this study reveals the mechanism of the impact of monetary policy uncertainty (MPU) on IGG. Research suggests that MPU significantly inhibits IGG in the region, as demonstrated by robustness tests. Mechanism test reveal that MPU inhibits IGG by reducing green finance, ecological innovation, media attention, and employment levels. These four transmission mechanisms all show a masking effect. Additionally, further tests show that under different levels of green finance, ecological innovation, media attention, and employment, the impact of MPU on IGG is nonlinear. Heterogeneity analyses also indicate that the inhibition of MPU is weaker in cities with high scientific and technological progress and local fiscal expenditure. Finally, quantile regression demonstrates that the restraining effect of MPU diminishes before rising. This study contributes to the advancement of MPU research, provides a solid foundation for formulating, modifying, and executing monetary policy, and serves as a valuable resource for promoting IGG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green transitioning through renewable energy sources is the most effective strategy for any economy. This study investigates the extent to which G20 countries are shifting towards a green economy compared to prioritizing economic growth. To this end, the present study analyzes the nodes between income and renewable (solar, wind, hydro, and biomass) and nonrenewable (oil, coal, and gas) energy sources for the period of (1997–2020) in G20 countries. The energy–environmental Kuznets curve method is applied to study their behavior at various stages of growth. The main findings showed that wind, solar, and biomass energies have an inverted N-shaped relationship with income. The hydroelectricity did not follow any traditional EKC shape, showing a steady positive trend and growth. While nonrenewable energy consumption, i.e., coal, oil, and gas, follows an N-shaped EKC curve. The impact of foreign direct investment in the solar and wind sectors is positive. The varying outcomes concerning foreign direct investment (FDI) indicate that although G20 countries strive to achieve their green transition objectives by discouraging environmentally harmful investments, their success remains limited. The study indicates that G20 nations are progressing toward a green transition; however, additional technological innovations are required to transform these economies from brown to green. Governments can establish research institutions, offer grants and incentives, and encourage collaboration between academia, industry, and government to support green technology R&D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spread of the threat of climate change has forced countries to try to implement the drivers of green economic growth. In this paper, we seek to explore how green growth is affected by quality language education in 23 Chinese provinces from 2010 to 2021. Employing the ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag) approach and Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimator, the findings confirmed that a 1% increase in the quality of language education improves sustainable economic growth in Chinese provinces by 0.69% and 0.01% in the short and long term, respectively. Furthermore, the development of sustainable electricity generation is the increasing factor of green prosperity in Chinese provinces. Moreover, any increase in waste generation will harshly impact the sustainable growth of Chinese provinces by 0.57% and 0.15% in the short and long term, respectively. The volume of green investment positively correlates with sustainable growth in Chinese provinces. As the primary policy implication, it is recommended that the Chinese government expand the education for sustainable development (ESD) program, develop social literacy on participation in sustainable power generation, and improve the SMEs' education for green job creation and sustainable investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current definitions of sustainability and sustainable development are problematic. They reinforce the dominant capitalist paradigm of economic growth as a goal—a system which has contributed in no uncertain terms to the current state of the planet—and they exclude animals as moral entities. We propose that sustainability is primarily an ethical issue which connects people, the planet on which we live, and the animals and other organisms which inhabit it. Our definition of sustainability states that in all decisions and actions on any scale, from the individual to the institutional, we should minimise our immediate and future negative impact on humans, other animals, and the planet, while simultaneously maximising our positive impacts on these domains. We take an interdisciplinary approach in discussing trade-offs between these three broad interests, providing a rationale for adopting this more inclusive definition at every level of society. Our definition calls for a normative shift in discussions around sustainability, one of which is more inclusive of the animals and other organisms with which we share the planet. We believe that the paper forms a strong and coherent foundation for policy and communication about sustainability going forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing body of literature has highlighted the importance of green innovation and institutional quality in sustainability transitions. However, there is little empirical research knowledge about green innovation and institutional quality as significant factors for sustainable development, particularly in Africa. In this context, the study examines the relationship between green innovation, institutional quality, economic growth, export, energy consumption, urbanization, and CO2 emissions in three (3) African countries over the period 1990 to 2016 at a panel and individual country level. Westerlund–Edgerton panel cointegration test together with the Cross-sectional Augmented Dickey-Fulller (CADF) test and Cross-sectional Im, Pesaran and Shin (CIPS) test correspondingly confirmed the variables employed are co-integrated and as well stationary. Major findings from the augmented mean group (AMG) estimator unveiled that: (i) green innovation mitigates CO2 emissions, whereas institutional quality increases CO2 emissions at the panel level and in South Africa; (ii) energy consumption increases CO2 emissions at the panel level and in all the individual countries; (iii) urbanization increases CO2 emissions at the panel and in Egypt and South Africa; (iv) an inverted U-shaped is evidenced to exist among economic growth and CO2 emissions in Egypt and South Africa. Finally, Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality test revealed a unidirectional causal link from CO2 emissions to green innovation and institutional quality correspondingly. Policy implications of these findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The significance of the sports economy to the national economy is growing as the country develops rapidly. The term "sports economy" is used to describe the economic activities that are directly or indirectly tied to sports. This work introduces a multi-objective optimization model for a green supply chain management system, intending to reduce the economic and environmental impact of storing and transporting potentially dangerous products. This research intends to examine the impact of the sports sector on green economic growth and competitiveness in the China region. An empirical analysis is conducted to determine the relationship between sports economics and green supply chain management by employing data on 25 provinces of the China region for 2000 and 2019. To fulfill this study's objective and determine the effect of carbon emission, this study will use renewable energy, sports economics, green supply chain management, information and communications technology, and waste recycling as explanatory variables. In order to obtain the desired objectives, the current study will use the short run and long run of the cross-sectionally augmented autoregressive distributed lag and pooled mean group tests. Besides, this study uses an augmented mean group, fully modified ordinary least square, and dynamic ordinary least square estimations for the robust check. In contrast, renewable energy, green supply chain management, sports economics, information and communications technology, and waste recycling decrease CO2 emissions and, therefore, facilitate the carbon-abatement agenda of the China region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High economic growth has not led India to an egalitarian economy. In fact, despite achieving high growth under the neo-liberal policy framework, India is suffering from unprecedented inequalities of wealth and incomes (Oxfam 2021, 2023), persistent unemployment and jobless growth, severe deficiencies in education as well as in nutrition and health, and well-being, and ecological damages. These problems have been discussed by many experts and policy makers in India. However, the same growth process has impacted on the new categories of work and workers also as defined by ILO in its ground-breaking Resolution onStatistics of Work, Employment and Labour Underutilization (ILO 2013) and their time use patterns. Our careful study of the time use patterns has revealed new concerns, which have impacted adversely on the health of the mainstream economy in multiple ways. These concerns are neglected if not excluded in the mainstream discussions today. This paper attempts to study these concerns and their implications for the Indian economy. It, then, explores pathways to inclusive and sustainable development in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of renewable energy sources for electricity generation is necessary for sustainable development in India. Thus, the present study examines the effects of renewable and non-renewable electricity generation on economic growth in India during 1991–2019. In this regard, the robust time series econometric tools like autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) models are applied to the formulated economic growth function in the presence of both renewable and non-renewable electricity generation as key determinants. Moreover, the outcome of ARDL and NARDL models confirms the long-run relationship between the sample variables. Further, the long-run result shows that economic growth is positively affected by renewable and non-renewable electricity generation, according to the ARDL model. At the same time, the finding from NARDL indicates that a negative change in non-renewable electricity generation leads to an increase in economic growth in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study examined the impact of renewable energy, non-renewable energy, remittances, and economic growth on environmental degradation from the perspective of carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) and ecological footprint for the top 50 remittance-receiving countries for 1991–2018. This study simulates the environmental future for attaining the targets of Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG7) using the latest datasets. This study is one of the few that empirically explores how various explanatory variables affect CO2 and ecological footprint. The study employed the pool mean group autoregressive distributive lag (PMG-ARDL), fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS), and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) techniques for the analysis. In the long-run, non-renewable energy and economic growth have a positive impact, whereas renewable energy and remittances have a negative impact on CO2 and ecological footprint. The impact of non-renewable energy on CO2 and ecological footprint is more significant than renewable energy in both the short- and long-run. Most of the variables have a bidirectional causality among each other. This highlights the need for a paradigm shift towards renewable energy in the top recipients specifically for developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poverty alleviation and energy saving are two major issues of sustainable development targets. Meanwhile, financial development (FD) is a powerful engine of economic growth, which is regard as a valid approach to contain the demand for energy consumption (EC). However, few studies link the three factors and explore the specific impact mechanism of poverty alleviation efficiency (PE) on the tie between FD and EC. Thus, we employ the mediation and threshold models to evaluate the influence of FD on the EC in China during 2010–2019 from the perspective of PE. We affirm that FD indirectly promotes EC through the channel of PE. The mediating effect of PE is responsible for 15.75% of the total effect of FD on the EC. Moreover, FD generates a significant threshold impact on the EC considering the change of PE. When the PE exceeds 0.524, the role of FD in promoting EC is strengthened. Ultimately, the outcome suggests policymakers need to prominent the trade-off between energy saving and poverty reduction during the fast evolution of financial system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study seeks to ascertain whether there is an unbalanced link between CO2 emissions, foreign direct investment, and economic growth in Malaysia over a 40-year timeframe between 1980 and 2019. We investigated the asymmetric relationship , using non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) technique. The findings showed a noteworthy asymmetry between FDI, CO2 emissions, and GDP in Malaysia. The long-term and short-term effects of negative FDI on GDP are both equivalent to 0.028 and 0.021, respectively. This suggests that, compared to short-term fluctuations, long-term negative FDI adjustments have a considerably more negative impact on economic growth. The coefficient of positive (CO2+) and negative (CO2−) changes in economic growth is equal to 0.086 and − 0.152, respectively. It indicates that positive changes in CO2 emissions have stronger effects in the long run than negative shocks. Considering an asymmetric association between these two variables in the short and long term, Malaysian policymakers must comprehend the dynamic relationship between FDI, CO2 emissions, and GDP to plan appropriate economic and environmental policies that will support sustainable economic development and ensure a safer environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the role of export quality in climate action goal of the sustainable development goals in emerging Asian countries. For this purpose, the empirical model that observes the impact of real GDP, energy use and export quality index on carbon emissions is constructed and is analyzed by ARDL bounds testing approach for the period from 1970 to 2014. We also include the square of real GDP as independent variable to observe the existence of environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis which implies the parabolic relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation. The findings show that increase in export quality leads to a fall in CO2 emissions for China and India. In contrast, the effect of increasing export quality increases CO2 emissions in Thailand and the Philippines. Lastly, our asymmetric causality results show that the positive shocks of export quality causes positive shocks of CO2 emissions in Thailand and Indonesia. Furthermore, we found that positive export quality shocks cause negative CO2 emissions shocks in India while negative export quality shocks cause positive CO2 emissions shocks in China. We also confirm the inverted U-shaped EKC hypothesis in China and Thailand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a noteworthy initiative of financial supply-side reform to precisely support the green development system, can green finance (GF) help achieve the dual goals of "carbon peaking" and "carbon neutrality"? Using data from China's provincial panel between 2007 and 2019, this paper measured the green finance index by the entropy method and the carbon emission efficiency (CEE) with carbon emission as the non-desired output by the Super-SBM model. Then, the influence of GF on CEE was empirically investigated by the dynamic panel model and the spatial Durbin model. The findings show that GF can significantly improve CEE and has a positive spillover impact on CEE in provinces with close economic ties; the upgrading of the industrial structure is a key mediator in the transmission of GF to CEE; and regional heterogeneity analysis finds that GF notably improves CEE in eastern, high development levels of economic and GF regions. The research can offer some theoretical and empirical references for green finance to contribute to low-carbon economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing nations aim to industrialize and grow sustainably often ignoring the environmental consequences. However, few empirical studies have looked at the influence of industrialization-driven economic transition on carbon footprint in developing nations using a non-parametric approach. In this milieu, on the ground of Kaya's identity and the novel multivariate quantile-on-quantile regression (QQR) (extension of Sim and Zhou's (2015) bivariate QQR model), the present research studies the impact of industrial value-added (IGVA), population, energy intensity, and carbon intensity on CO2 emissions in India. This study is one of the first in the literature to evaluate the industrialization-carbonization nexus in the context of Kaya's identity for the Indian economy utilizing an innovative multivariate QQR approach, which makes a methodological and empirical addition to the literature. The outcomes of the multivariate QQR technique demonstrate that economic and environmental development requires continual long-run strategies. The empirical findings revealed that there is no authentication that India's carbon emissions increased due to its industrialization, which exhibited that IGVA has a negative and significant connection with CO2 emissions. In some quantiles, population size positively impacts CO2 emissions. On the other hand, carbonization in the Indian economy is asymmetrically affected by GDP per capita and energy and carbon intensity. The quantile Granger causality study further supported the aforementioned results. The current analysis also offers policy suggestions for environmentally friendly sustainable economic growth and to achieve the sustainable development goals (SDGs) of India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable development (SD) strives to protect the environment and promote an inclusive prosperity. However, achieving this partly rests on the effectiveness of financial development (FD) among other factors. On the one hand, FD fosters eco-friendly investment, financial inclusion and economic growth and thus leads to SD. On the other hand, FD may result in financial instability, social inequality and environmental degradation by fueling unsustainable economic activity and deter the achievement of SD. Given the quandary, this study attempts to investigate the causal effect of FD on SD for 143 countries during period 1990–2020, where SD is represented by adjusted net savings (ANS), and a new index, using the principal component analysis, is constructed to measure FD. Results of the panel vector autoregression method reveal that FD has a causal relationship with SD, which is unidirectional in general; however, the causality between financial market index and ANS is bidirectional. In general, the results also suggest that FD is essential for SD; nevertheless, policymakers must monitor the possible downside of FD that may undermine its contribution to sustainability. The study bears important policy implications, and as far as the knowledge goes, this is the first paper that explains the comprehensive FD–SD causality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic and technological development zone (ETDZ) serves an essential role in driving green development and ecological civilization. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the impact of ETDZs on eco-efficiency for sustainable development. This paper investigates the impact of the establishment of ETDZs on eco-efficiency by constructing a differences-in-differences (DID) model on the basis of 253 cities in China from 2004 to 2017 as the dataset. This paper also explores the possible intrinsic impact mechanisms through the channels of industrial structure and technological innovation by constructing a mediating effect model, and the heterogeneous effects of ETDZs on eco-efficiency from the perspectives of regional imbalance and city class heterogeneity. Statistical results report that ETDZs significantly positively affect eco-efficiency and such effects are most significant in the first year after the establishment of ETDZs. Industrial structure upgrading and technological innovation are essential role mechanisms for ETDZs to enhance eco-efficiency. Besides, the enhancement effect of ETDZs on eco-efficiency is only observed in the eastern part of the city, with an insignificant inhibitory effect in central and western parts of the cities. However, the establishment of ETDZs in cities with higher city classes is more beneficial to improve eco-efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

THe central challenge facing China's sustainable development is how to strike a balance between economic growth and environmental conservation. In China's ongoing economic revolution, green finance is more important than ever. The study empirically examined how green finance and innovation affect carbon emissions using panel data from 30 Chinese provinces gathered between 2010 and 2020. The empirical analysis is undertaken to utilize a series of methods to investigate the impact of green finance on carbon emissions. The findings show that increased green finance, innovation, and industrial structure reduce carbon output. Moreover, carbon emissions increase with increasing trade openness and economic growth. In order to achieve sustainable development goals through economic and environmental sustainability, it has been discovered that green finance can foster green technology innovation and green business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the impact of several important macroeconomic variables such as quality of education, infrastructure development, foreign direct investment inflow, and green energy transitions on economic growth. We analyzed annual time series data sample for estimation of the above macroeconomic indicators during 1990 to 2020. We use nonlinear auto-regressive distributive lag model (NARDL) approach to detect the short-term and long-term effects of undermentioned macroeconomic variables on economic growth of Pakistan. The results primarily reveal that the quality education, foreign direct investment inflow, and infrastructure development are playing a significant positive role in the economic growth of Pakistan. Similarly, in short term the foreign direct investment inflow, infrastructure, and green energy transition coefficients are significantly positive related to sustainable development goals. However, the education found as unsubstantial as contributive as other variables. Moreover, the Granger causality and structural break estimations are employed to estimate the causal association between the selected parameters and unexpected change over the economy. The estimated outcomes find the unidirectional causality from education and green energy transition towards economic growth, where education is found within relation to infrastructure. Additionally, bidirectional causal relationship is found between FDI and infrastructure towards economic growth which shows that the increase in foreign investment has the potential to boost the economic growth. Finally, all the estimated indexes are considered as important sources towards the economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]