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Objectives: To verify the association between EGFR status and clinical response to microwave ablation (MWA) and survival.Methods: NSCLC patients with known EGFR status and treated with MWA in combination with chemotherapy were retrospectively enrolled in the study.Results: A total of 61 patients were recruited. EGFR mutations were found in 28 patients (39.4 %), and were more common in women (67.7 %) and nonsmokers (74.1 %). Complete ablation was achieved in 69.7 % of patients with EGFR mutant tumours and in 82.1 % of patients with EGFR wild-type tumours (p = 0.216). The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 8.3 months and 27.2 months in patients with an EGFR mutant tumour. The corresponding values were 5.4 months (p = 0.162) and 17.8 months (p = 0.209) in patients with an EGFR wild-type tumour. Patients with complete ablation had longer PFS (7.8 months vs. 4.2 months, p = 0.024) and OS (28.1 months vs. 12.6 months, p = 0.001) than those with incomplete ablation. Multivariate analyses also showed that response to MWA was an independent prognostic factor for OS, but EGFR status was not, and that neither response to MWA nor EGFR status was a prognostic factor for PFS.Conclusions: The EGFR status was not related to response to MWA, and response to MWA was a predictor of survival.Key Points: • EGFR mutations were commonly seen in women and in nonsmokers • EGFR status had no correlation with the response to MWA, PFS and OS. • The response to MWA could predict PFS and OS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]