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Background: Many individuals consider nocturia a significant nuisance, leading to a reduced health-related quality of life (HRQOL). However, there has been a lack of psychometrically sound patient-reported outcome measures to assess the impact of nocturia on patients in Chinese contexts. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Nocturia Quality of Life Module (ICIQ-NQOL) for use among primary care patients in Hong Kong, China. Additionally, it sought to investigate the mechanisms that link nocturia and sleep quality with HRQOL by employing moderated mediation analysis. Methods: The traditional Chinese version of the ICIQ-NQOL was developed through iterative translations, cognitive debriefing interviews, and panel reviews. The psychometric evaluation included assessments of factor structure, convergent validity, concurrent validity, known-group validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability and responsiveness. Study instruments included the ICIQ-NQOL, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and a modified Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-Short Form (IIQ-7). Results: A total of 419 primary care patients were recruited from general outpatient clinics, among whom 228 experiencing an average of two or more nocturia episodes per night over the past four weeks. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the two-factor structure of the ICIQ-NQOL. Concurrent validity was confirmed by moderate correlations between the IIQ-7 total score and the total score as well as two domain scores of the ICIQ-NQOL (r ranging from 0.43 to 0.49, all p < 0.001). The ICIQ-NQOL also had moderate correlations with the IPSS total symptom score (r ranging from 0.40 to 0.48, all p < 0.001). Convergent validity was supported by moderate correlations between the global PSQI score and the total score as well as two domain scores of the ICIQ-NQOL (r ranging from 0.42 to 0.52, all p < 0.001). Known-group comparisons showed that the ICIQ-NQOL could differentiate between patients with and without nocturia in terms of sleep/energy domain score (p < 0.001), bother/concern domain score (p < 0.001), and total score (p < 0.001), each demonstrating a moderate Cohen's d effect size. Item-total correlations corrected for overlap exceeded 0.4, and Cronbach's alpha coefficients were greater than 0.7. Test-retest reliability was confirmed with intraclass correlation coefficients exceeding 0.7 among patients reporting no change in their nocturia symptoms at a 2-week follow-up. Regarding responsiveness, the Cohen's d effect sizes for differences in domain and total scores between the baseline and 2-week follow-up assessments were greater than 0.3 among patients showing improvement in nocturia. Our moderated mediation analysis indicated that sleep quality significantly moderated the impact of nocturia on HRQOL, with a notably stronger indirect effect among females compared to males. Conclusions: The ICIQ-NQOL is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing the HRQOL in primary care patients suffering from nocturia. The findings advocate for gender-specific approaches in the management and treatment of nocturia to optimize HRQOL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To translate Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis-Specific Quality of Life-Short Form (ALSSQOL-SF) and test its reliability and validity, so that explore feasibility in Chinese mainland and make up the gap of specific tools for measuring quality of life of patients with ALS. Methods: This was a cross-sectional design. The Brislin translation model was used to translate ALSSQOL-SF, and the Chinese version of ALSSQOL-SF (C-ALSSQOL-SF) was revised through cultural adaptation and pre-test. The convenience sampling method was used to investigate 138 patients with ALS in Tianjin to test the reliability and validity of the C-ALSSQOL-SF. Results: The C-ALSSQOL-SF included 20 items, covering 6 dimensions: physical symptoms, bulbar function, negative emotion, interaction with people and the environment, religiosity and intimacy. The scale-level content validity index (S-CVI) of C-ALSSQOL-SF was 0.964, and the item-level content validity index (I-CVI) was between 0.857 to 1.000. The results of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) showed that CMIN/DF = 1.161, RMSEA = 0.034, GFI = 0.892, IFI = 0.976, TLI = 0.969, CFI = 0.975, and the 6-factor model fitted well. The scores of C-ALSSQOL-SF and WHOQOL-BREF were positively correlated (r = 0.745). The Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.85, the Cronbach's α coefficient of each dimension was between 0.59 to 0.86, and the split-half reliability was 0.78. Conclusion: The Chinese version of ALSSQOL-SF has good reliability and validity, and can be used as a tool to evaluate the quality of life of patients with ALS in Chinese mainland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Partners in Health (PIH) scale is a measure designed to assess the generic knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and impacts of self-management. A cross-cultural adaptation of the PIH for use in Hong Kong was evaluated in this study. This paper reports the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of PIH (C-PIH[HK]).Method: A 12-item PIH was translated using forward-backward translation technique and reviewed by individuals with chronic diseases and health professionals. A total of 209 individuals with chronic diseases completed the scale. The construct validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability were evaluated in two waves.Results: The findings in Wave 1 (n = 73) provided acceptable psychometric properties of the C-PIH(HK) but supported the adaptation of question 5 to improve the cultural relevance, validity, and reliability of the scale. An adapted version of C-PIH(HK) was evaluated in Wave 2. The findings in Wave 2 (n = 136) demonstrated good construct validity and internal consistency of C-PIH(HK). A principal component analysis with Oblimin rotation yielded a 3-factor solution, and the Cronbach's alphas of the subscales ranged from 0.773 to 0.845. Participants were asked whether they perceived the self-management workshops they attended and education provided by health professionals as useful or not. The results showed that the C-PIH(HK) was able to discriminate those who agreed and those who disagreed related to the usefulness of individual health education (p < 0.0001 in all subscales) and workshops (p < 0.001 in the knowledge subscale) as hypothesized. The test-retest reliability was high (ICC = 0.818).Conclusion: A culturally adapted version of PIH for use in Hong Kong was evaluated. The study supported good construct validity, discriminate validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability of the C-PIH(HK). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stroke survivors frequently experience difficulties in daily activities, such as bathing, feeding, and mobility. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of a computer-adaptive test-Longshi scale (CAT-LS) for assessing activities of daily living (ADL) in stroke survivors. This cross-sectional study collected data using an electronic application. The ADL function of stroke survivors in rehabilitation departments of hospitals was assessed using both the CAT-LS and BI. Correlations between the CAT-LS and Barthel index (BI) and concurrent validity were evaluated using Pearson's correlation test and multiple linear regression. Interrater reliability was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient based on a two-way random effect. The internal consistency of the CAT-LS was assessed using Cronbach's coefficient (α) and corrected item-total correlations. Overall, 103 medical institutions in China were used in this study. In total, 7151 patients with stroke were included in this study. The CAT-LS classified patients into three ADL groups (bedridden, domestic, and community) with significantly different BI scores (P < 0.05). The CAT-LS results obtained using the decision-tree scoring model were consistent with the scores for each BI item. A strong correlation was observed between CAT-LS and BI (Pearson's r: 0.6–0.894, P < 0.001). The CAT-LS demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's α, 0.803–0.894) and interrater reliability (ICC, 0.928–0.979). CAT-LS is time-efficient and requires < 1 min to administer. The CAT-LS is a reliable and valid tool for assessing ADL function in stroke survivors and can provide rapid and accurate assessments that reduce the burden on healthcare professionals. Further validation of this tool in other populations and settings is necessary. Study registration number: No.: ChiCTR2000034067; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=54770. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcomes Score (KOOS) is a free clinical tool commonly used to evaluate the symptoms and functional status of patients with knee injury. For people who speak Chinese, the Hong Kong Chinese and Singapore Chinese versions are preferred. However, variations in the Chinese language and culture are influenced by the country's geography. KOOS for Mainland China has not been reported. Therefore, the current study was to cross-culturally translate the original English version into a simplified Chinese version and to investigate its psychometric properties. Methods: The simplified Chinese KOOS was obtained through forward-backward translation according to appropriate guidelines. A total of 158 individuals with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) were recruited from 13 hospitals in China to examine the psychometric properties. The test-retest questionnaire was performed at an interval of 5–7 days. Test-retest reliability and internal consistency were evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's alpha, respectively. The data of the first test were used to analyse the construct validity of the simplified Chinese KOOS and Chinese SF-36 through convergent and discriminant validity using Spearman's correlation coefficient. Results: Cross-cultural translation exhibited minor cultural differences, and the questionnaire was well understood by the patients. The data from 128 patients, used for the test-retest reliability study, showed good to excellent reliability, with an ICC of 0.808–0.976 for all KOOS subscales. The Cronbach's alpha for all subscales ranged from 0.757 to 0.970, indicating acceptable internal consistency. There was a low-to-high correlation between the five domains of the simplified Chinese version of the KOOS and all domains of the SF-36 in construct validity. Conclusion: The simplified Chinese KOOS demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity. In clinical practice and research, this version can help provide valuable information on health-related quality of life for Chinese individuals with KOA in mainland China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this study was to examine the use of protection motivation theory (PMT) in explaining smokers' quitting intentions among Chinese adults with the goal of providing valuable evidence to promote theory-guided and culturally appropriate cessation interventions. This cross-sectional study included 613 participants randomly selected from 26 provinces in Mainland China. Cronbach's alpha and interclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to assess the reliability of individual PMT constructs. A multiple linear regression was used for the multivariable analysis. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the 23 items was 0.74. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of all the subscales varied from 0.71 to 0.74. Stronger quitting intentions were significantly associated with higher perceived vulnerability (Coef. = 0.13, P < 0.01), self-efficacy (Coef. = 0.28, P < 0.01), and response efficacy (Coef. = 0.23, P < 0.01) but inversely associated with intrinsic rewards (Coef. = −0.15, P < 0.01). Greater quitting intentions were significantly associated with higher threat (Coef. = 0.19, P < 0.01) and coping appraisals (Coef. = 0.25, P < 0.01). Regarding behaviour, longer quitting attempts were significantly associated only with self-efficacy (Coef. = 0.13, P < 0.01) and response cost (Coef. = −0.18, P < 0.01) Our results confirmed the applicability of PMT for predicting the quitting intention in Chinese adults. Self-efficacy is the only factor that has a predictive effect on both the intention and behaviour. To improve the effectiveness of smoking-cessation interventions, specific attention should be directed during their design to the more influential PMT constructs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) is a common phenomenon among contemporary young people. It refers to negative emotions such as unease and anxiety that occur when young people think they miss out on beneficial things that others are doing or experiencing. This negative emotion harms individual behavior and physical and mental health. The FoMO instrument measures the fear of missing out in individuals. However, because of the cultural differences that influence the understood bias and the distinct structure of the psychological measurement, the existing FoMO scale cannot be used with Chinese college students. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a FoMO scale based on individual psychology, which would be suitable for localization in China, and to measure its reliability and validity. The newly developed fear of missing out scale (CFoMOs) contained 15 items, and 4 factors: missing motivation, missing cognition, missing emotion, and missing behaviors. An exploratory factor analysis revealed that the cumulative variance contribution rate was 65.22%. A confirmatory factor analysis showed that the CFoMOs had good construct validity (χ2/df = 1.93, TLI =.90, CFI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.05). The Cronbach's alpha coefficients of all subscales ranged from 0.73 to 0.79, the omega (ω) coefficients of all subscales ranged from 0.73 to 0.80, and the test-retest reliabilities were between 0.56 and 0.72. There was a significant moderate correlation between the subscales of the CFoMOs (r = 0.25–0.43, p < 0.01), and a significant positive correlation between each dimension and the total score (r = 0.64–0.72, p < 0.01). The CFoMOs had no significant difference based on sex and had metric invariance. Scores on the dimension of missing behavior and the total scale differed significantly, while the other dimensions had no significant difference based on the location of registered permanent residence. In the study, the CFoMOs had good reliability and validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to translate the Spiritual Perspectives Scale (SPS) into a Mandarin Chinese version (C-SPS) and evaluate its psychometric properties among 154 palliative care nurses from twelve community healthcare centres in Shanghai, China. Exploratory factor analysis suggested two factors (spiritually related activities and spiritual beliefs), accounting for 67.49% of the total variance. The Cronbach's α of the total C-SPS score was 0.89, and its split-half coefficient (Spearman-Brown reliability coefficient) was 0.72. The C-SPS showed consistently acceptable psychometric properties of reliability and validity. It can be used to evaluate the level of spiritual perspectives of nurses in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Brief Problem Monitor (BPM) is a 19-item instrument newly developed for screening children and adolescents for emotional and behavioral problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the youth-report and parent-report versions of the BPM (BPM-Y and BPM-P) among Chinese youth. Data was collected from two samples: a middle school student sample (n = 1,246, girls = 516 [41.4%]) and a community youth sample from families suffering adversity (n = 383, girls = 143 [37.3%]). We conducted a series of confirmatory factor analyses to test and compare the latent structures of the BPM-Y and BPM-P. Results suggested that the three-factor model of the BPM-Y and BPM-P fit the data best. And based on the omnibus fit indices and difference between them, the items of the BPM-Y and BPM-P support measurement invariance across informants (both youth- and parent-report) for the three-factor model. Internal consistency coefficients were satisfactory (Cronbach's α =.73 ~.90). In terms of convergent validity, BPM factors and BPM scores showed expected correlations with strength and difficulties behavior, callous–unemotional traits, psychopathic traits, and social competence. In sum, our findings supported that the three-factor structuure of BPM-Y and BPM-P could be a promising instrument to screen emotional and behavioral problems in Chinese youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study developed and tested preliminary measurement properties of a Chinese scale specifically designed to measure HRQOL in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHBQOL).Methods: We conducted 94 individual interviews with CHB patients to solicit items and five hepatitis expert interviews along with three rounds of cognitive interviews to identify problems with relevance and understanding of content. A cross-sectional validation study was then conducted to evaluate measurement properties (n = 578). Factor analysis was used to determine the latent structure of the scale. Reliability was evaluated through Cronbach's alpha coefficients and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs). Measurement model adequacy, convergent, discriminant, and known-groups validity were also examined.Results: A scale of 30 items was drafted. After item reduction, the remaining 23 items were assigned to the CHBQOL Somatic symptoms, Emotional symptoms, Belief and Social stigma domains, which had acceptable goodness of fit (χ2/df = 3.13, GFI = 0.90, AGFI = 0.88, RMSEA = 0.06, SRMR = 0.05). All the CHBQOL domains had satisfactory reliability with Cronbach's α coefficients ranging from 0.73 to 0.91 and ICCs were higher than 0.70 except for Belief domain (ICC = 0.54). Convergent and discriminant validity were acceptable as supported by significant item-domain correlations (0.64-0.90). In general, the correlations between CHBQOL and the SF-36 dimensions met hypotheses. Significant differences were found by mean scores in the subgroups of demographic and clinical variables, supporting the known-groups validity.Conclusions: The CHBQOL instrument proved to be an appropriate tool for assessing HRQOL among Chinese CHB patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid developments in social capital and health research require short instruments for large-scale survey studies. The Personal Social Capital Scale (PSCS) is a theory-based and empirically tested instrument with reliability and validity established in the US and China, but it is too long for large-scale survey research. In this study, we described two short versions of the instrument: the PSCS-16 and PSCS-8. The two short scales were evaluated with survey data collected among an adult sample ( N = 259) in China. The sample consisted of rural-to-urban migrants and non-migrant rural and urban residents. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were .90 for the PSCS-18 and .83 for the PSCS-8. Both short instruments satisfactorily fit a two-factor model comprising the bonding capital and bridging capital subscales. The two short scales were highly correlated with the original PSCS ( r = .95 for the PSCS-18 and .93 for the PSCS-8 respectively, p < .001 for both); significantly distinguished the migrant subsample from the two non-migrant subsamples; and significantly predicted social capital investment and stress level. In conclusion, the two short instruments PSCS-16 and PSCS-8 were reliable and valid, and can be used in large-scale survey studies to assess personally owned social capital. Further research is needed to replicate their reliability and validity in different cultural settings and to establish the test-retest reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the initial findings of an ongoing, long-term investigation into subjective quality of life in Macau, a Special Administrative Region of China. Data were collected via quarterly public surveys (2007 to 2009; n = 8,230), as part of the Macau Quality of Life Report. The main aims of the study were to: (a) ascertain the public's satisfaction with life and with the regional situation in Macau; (b) confirm the utility of the International Wellbeing Index (IWI) as a measure of subjective life quality; and (c) contribute to ongoing discussion in the literature on quality of life in China. The data indicated moderate levels of personal (PWI = 64.4; range 63-66.7) and national (NWI = 59.7; 57.4-63.7) wellbeing across the study period, which implies that residents in Macau are generally satisfied with life. The lowest scores were reported in the first quarter of 2009, a period of great economic uncertainty in Macau and the world, but were positioned within the normative range. The IWI demonstrated good psychometric performance, consistent with previous studies in China and the West, which confirmed its utility. These findings are discussed in relation to the IWI's theoretical underpinnings and the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]