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A paper-based portable and disposable cyto-device was fabricated for the purpose of detecting cancer cells and in-situ screening of anticancer drugs. The device was prepared as follows: (a) Au@Pd paper electrodes were prepared by growing Au@Pd nanoparticles on cellulose; (b) the aptamer against MCF-7 cells was immobilized on the paper electrodes; (c) PtNi alloy particles were loaded with carbon dots to form a PtNi@C-dot composite acting as the ECL label, (d) concanavalin A (Con A) was labeled with the ECL label and then dropped on sensor surface carrying cancer cell. Con A can specifically recognize the mannose on the cancer cell surface. The assay is performed in the following way: (1) The aptamer-modified electrode is placed in a solution containing MCF-7 cancer cells; (2) buffer containing peroxodisulfate is added; (3) a potential sweep (from −0.5 to −1.8 V) is applied to the electrode, and ECL intensity is recorded. ECL intensity is related to the number of captured MCF-7 cells in the 480 to 2.0 × 10 cells⋅mL‾ concentration range. The electrode was applied to design a screening method for anti-cancer drugs. This is accomplished by monitoring the number of apoptotic cancer cells after exposing the cells on the electrode to a drug-containing medium. In our perception, the method presented here has a wide range of potential applications in cancer diagnosis and treatment. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent position paper of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) on cardiovascular toxicity of cancer treatments has attracted considerable interest by healthcare professionals, since it is the first concrete help in the difficult task of monitoring and approaching cardiovascular side effects of anticancer treatments. The ESC expert opinion was not intended as a clinical practice guideline; however, it reports major cardiovascular complications grouped into nine categories, addressing current clinical strategies for prevention and mitigation. In this point of view, we discuss key challenges emerging from critical appraisal of the ESC position paper: (1) the wide spectrum of cardiovascular toxicities associated with oncological drugs, focusing on targeted agents, (2) managing strategies in patients with cardiac implantable devices, (3) the underappreciated (but emerging) immune-related cardiovascular toxicities of checkpoint inhibitors, which may also result in severe heart failure and fulminant myocarditis, (4) the evolving role of anticoagulation in oncology, and the evidence supporting (or not) the use of direct-acting oral anticoagulants in cancer-associated thrombosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With increasing numbers of cancer cases, the use of antineoplastic agents is expected to rise. This will be accompanied by an increase in occupational exposure, which can cause unwanted health effects in workers. Our aim was to give an overview of genotoxic and epigenetic effects after occupational exposure to antineoplastic agents and to assess the concentration−effect relation. Four databases were searched for papers investigating genotoxic and/or epigenetic effects of occupational exposure to antineoplastic agents. Out of the 245 retrieved papers, 62 were included in this review. In this systematic literature review, we confirmed that exposure of healthcare workers to antineoplastic agents can lead to genotoxic damage. However, we observed a lack of data on exposure as well as genotoxic and epigenetic effects in workers other than healthcare workers. Furthermore, gaps in the current knowledge regarding the potential epigenetic effects caused by antineoplastic drug exposure and regarding the link between internal antineoplastic drug concentration and genotoxic and epigenetic effects after occupational exposure to antineoplastic agents were identified, offering a first step for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To review the international literature related to high-risk medication (HRM) in community care, in order to (1) define a definition of HRM and (2) list the medication that is considered HRM in community care. Methods: Scoping review: Five databases were systematically searched (MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL, Web Of Science, and Cochrane) and extended with a hand search of cited references. Two researchers reviewed the papers independently. All extracted definitions and lists of HRM were subjected to a self-developed quality appraisal. Data were extracted, analysed and summarised in tables. Critical attributes were extracted in order to analyse the definitions. Results: Of the 109 papers retrieved, 36 met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Definitions for HRM in community care were used inconsistently among the papers, and various recurrent attributes of the concept HRM were used. Taking the recurrent attributes and the quality score of the definitions into account, the following definition could be derived: "High-risk medication are medications with an increased risk of significant harm to the patient. The consequences of this harm can be more serious than those with other medications". A total of 66 specific medications or categories were extracted from the papers. Opioids, insulin, warfarin, heparin, hypnotics and sedatives, chemotherapeutic agents (excluding hormonal agents), methotrexate and hypoglycaemic agents were the most common reported HRM in community care. Conclusion: The existing literature pertaining to HRM in community care was examined. The definitions and medicines reported as HRM in the literature are used inconsistently. We suggested a definition for more consistent use in future research and policy. Future research is needed to determine more precisely which definitions should be considered for HRM in community care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Microbial infections and the cancer are the biggest health concerns now days. It has been reported that 19.3 million new cancer cases and approximately 10 million deaths occurred due to cancer. The pyrimidine and their derivatives have been investigated a lot by the researchers due to their versatile chemotherapeutic effects. The unmet demand for the new antimicrobial and anticancer chemotherapeutic agents and the versatile pharmacological applications of pyrimidine derivatives prompted us to perform the synthesis and biological assessment of some novel 3-(substitued)-6-(substituted)pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-phenylthiazolidin-4-one. Methods: As a part of or investigation to find out some novel antimicrobial and anticancer agents, in this paper we focused on the synthesis of some novel 3-(substitued)-6-(substituted)pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-phenylthiazolidin-4-one derivatives. Additionally, the compounds were screened virtually for the drug likeness properties and characterized by FT-IR and NMR. Antimicrobial and anticancer studies were performed using the methods of disc diffusion, macro dilution and MTT assay. Results and Discussion: The virtual screening results revealed that all the compounds were found under the zone of inhibition for an active drug molecule. It was observed that the analytical data strongly supported the structure of the aimed compounds. Among all the synthesized compounds, the compounds (IX–XII), (XIV–XVI) were possessed very good antimicrobial effects. Some of these members represented even better antimicrobial potential against some specific pathogens. The compound (XII) was observed to be the most active compound of the series against almost all bacterial pathogens. The MTT findings revealed that the compounds (III), (IX), (X), (XII) were possessed similar IC50 to the reference drug doxorubicin. Conclusions: The antimicrobial and anticancer findings were promising and it was believed that further studies with these compounds aiming in vivo analysis will be helpful in producing the novel antimicrobial and anticancer agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dimethyl 2-[2-(1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)hydrazinylidene]butanedioate (DIHB) and 8-(3-chlorophenyl)-2,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazine-3,4-dione (HDIT) are promising candidates for anticancer agents, the first analytical procedures of which are presented in this paper. The commercially available unmodified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was used as a sensor for the individual and simultaneous differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) determination of these possible anticancer drugs. The findings concerning the electrochemical behaviour indicated that DIHB and HDIT display at GCE, as a sensor, the oxidation peaks at 1.18 and 0.98 V, respectively (vs. Ag/AgCl, 3.0 mol L−1 KCl) in the 0.125 mol L−1 acetate buffer of pH = 4.5, which were employed for their quantification. Various experimental parameters were carefully investigated, to achieve high sensitivity in voltammetric measurements. Finally, under the optimised conditions (t of 60 s, ΔEA of 75 mV, ν of 225 mV s−1, and tm of 2 ms), the proposed DPV procedure with the GCE demonstrated broad linear sensing ranges (1–200 nmol L−1—DIHB and 5–200 nmol L−1—HDIT), boasting the detection limits of 0.18 nmol L−1 for DIHB and 1.1 nmol L−1 for HDIT. Moreover, the developed procedure was distinguished by good selectivity, repeatability of DIHB and HDIT signals and sensor reproducibility. The practical application of this method was demonstrated by analysing the urine reference material without any prior treatment. The results showed that this environmentally friendly approach, with a modification-free sensor, is suitable for the sensitive, selective and rapid quantification of DIHB and HDIT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Nanomaterials enjoy a great surface-to-surface area ratio, small size, extremely high stability, satisfactory bio-compatibility, improved permeability, specificity in receptor targeting, and tunable lifetime. This paper investigates alkali metal-doped borospherenes M@C4B32 (in which M denotes K, Na, and Li) as a highly efficient alternative for the delivery of drugs using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. A borospherene with a B36 nanocage doped with four C atoms (i.e., C4B32) recently showed promising performance. Therefore, the present work investigates C4B32 nanoclusters doped with alkali metals for the effective delivery of drugs. Methods: This paper primarily seeks to evaluate the interaction between thioguanine (TG) as a cancer drug and pristine M@C4B32 through DFT (PBE/6–31 + G (d)) calculations. The UV–Vis spectroscopy indicated a redshift in the complex electronic spectra to higher wavelengths (i.e., lower energy levels). Hence, K@C4B32 was concluded to be effective in TG delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The standard treatment of patients with metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) currently consists of medical or surgical castration. The addition of a cytotoxic chemotherapy was unable to provide a survival benefit over castration alone in several clinical trials using different chemotherapy regimens.Results: Even a preliminary clinical trial using a docetaxel-based chemohormonal combination did not show a survival benefit. In contrast, two more recently published clinical trials (CHAARTED and STAMPEDE) using docetaxel in combination with castration provided evidence for a substantial improvement in overall survival. The survival benefit was 14 and 22 months in the two trials. In addition, the CHAARTED trial showed that patients with high volume disease may benefit most from chemohormonal treatment.Conclusion: According to the current available evidence, the new standard of treatment for patients therefore consists of castration in combination with docetaxel-based chemotherapy and should be offered to all patients who are fit to receive chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Dehydroepiandrosterone plays an important role in the human beings due to its ability to be converted into androgens and oestrogens. The aim of this paper is to synthesize a series of novel dehydroepiandrosteronyl 1,2,3-triazole derivatives and study the antitumor activity of the synthesized compounds. Methods: Novel dehydroepiandrosteronyl 1,2,3-triazole derivatives were synthesized across the Mitsunobu and click reaction, respectively. The cytotoxicities of the synthesized compounds against HeLa, HGC-27, and HEK-293T cells were determined by MTT assay. Results and Discussion: The results showed that compound (V) (3R,8R,9S,10R,13S,14S)3-(4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16-tetradecahydro17H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one had better inhibitory activity against the tumor cell lines tested. The IC50 value of inhibitory activity on human cervical cancer cell (HeLa) and human gastric cancer cell (HGC-27) was 33.6 and 22.3 μmolL–1, respectively. Conclusions: This work provides useful strategies for the design and synthesis of new steroidal antitumor drugs. The synthesized compounds have certain inhibitory activity on tumor cell growth and proliferation, but have little damage on normal cells, which deserves further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

–Objective: In this paper, a series of piperazine pyrimidines and morpholine pyrimidines have been synthesized effectively, and their biological activities have been evaluated. Methods: We examined the cytotoxicity tests of the compounds against two human tumor cells (HCT-116, HeLa), as well as one human normal cells (L02), in order to determine their anticancer activity. Results: The compound (IV) outperformed the others, and flow cytometry was used to further examine how it works against cancer. Additionally, the (IV) molecule showed strong anticancer efficacy but was marginally less effective in apoptosis assays than the control 5-FU. Discussion: The compound (IV) chemical treated HCT-116 cells and HeLa cells in the cell cycle research had a larger percentage of cells in the G1 phase. The induction of apoptosis by interfering with the cell cycle may be the anticancer mechanism of this substance. Additionally, molecular docking investigated potential interactions between the substances and the Topo II active site. Conclusions: The groundwork for the creation and structural modification of new pyrimidine medications is laid out in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although cure rates for children with cancer are approximately 70%, improvements in cure rates have slowed in the past decade, likely due to our inability to further improve outcome using currently available drugs. Novel drug approaches are needed for children with difficult-to-treat malignancies, such as stage IV neuroblastoma, sarcomas, brain tumors, and relapsed leukemia. Several novel agents show promise for improving outcome in patients with either high risk or recurrent disease. For leukemia, inhibitors of cell cycle progression, such as clofarabine and nelarabine, have shown great promise in their ability to increase treatment efficacy in high-risk disease. Targeted agents such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors, DNA binding compounds (trabectedin), and monoclonal antibodies (GD2 inhibitors for neuroblastoma and anti-CD22 antibodies for pre-B acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)) also show promise for future treatment. Extensive reviews of each of these agents are presented elsewhere; this article provides an overview of molecular agents at different stages of FDA/EMA approval; those that are currently approved for use in children, currently approved for use in adults, as well as those that show promise in early clinical trial testing, or are supported by strong preclinical data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) represent a novel class of nanomaterials with uniquely interesting spectroscopic and dimensional features. Owing to their general low toxicity, they are preferred for application in drug delivery. Newer CQDs are plausible by substituting metal elements that impart new characteristics. This paper presents a novel dysprosium-doped CQD nanomaterial made as a composite with a β-cyclodextrin–polyethylene glycol–folate polymer. The synthesized material is characterized using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron and IR spectroscopies. The amount of polymer in the composite is investigated using thermogravimetric analysis. The size of the polymer-containing CQDS is around 8 nm. The dysprosium doping makes them magnetic in nature. Further, the material shows a broad absorption with the tail absorbance extending up to the near-infrared wavelength region. The designed nanocarrier shows a high camptothecin encapsulation efficiency of 91.03%. The in vitro anticancer studies on MCF-7 cells are carried out, and the IC50 value is more significant than the free carrier, implying a combined effect of the nanocarrier and the drug in action against the breast cancer cell lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

–Several natural products extracted from trees exhibit significant anti-cancer activity. However, the efficacy of these products varies depending on the type of cancer, as well as the pathways involved, such as mitochondrial pathways, ROS pathways, p53 pathways, and nuclear factor-κB signaling pathways. Therefore, it is essential to comprehend the diverse anticancer pharmacological mechanisms of these products on specific tumor cells to determine their therapeutic windows, optimize treatments, and develop new anticancer drugs. This review paper discusses the structure-activity relationship, pharmacological effects, and applications of paclitaxel, betulic acid, and camptothecin in various cancers. Additionally, their potential in tumor treatment and the delivery system of new effective anticancer drugs are discussed in detail, providing a comprehensive understanding of the latest progress of paclitaxel, betulic acid, and camptothecin anticancer drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment is challenging and frequently characterized by an aggressive phenotype and low prognosis in comparison to other subtypes. This paper presents fabricated implantable drug-loaded microporous poly-di-methyl-siloxane (PDMS) devices for the delivery of targeted therapeutic agents [Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone conjugated paclitaxel (PTX-LHRH) and Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone conjugated prodigiosin (PG-LHRH)] for the treatment and possible prevention of triple-negative cancer recurrence. In vitro assessment using the Alamar blue assay demonstrated a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in percentage of cell growth in a time-dependent manner in the groups treated with PG, PG-LHRH, PTX, and PTX-LHRH. Subcutaneous triple-negative xenograft breast tumors were then induced in athymic female nude mice that were four weeks old. Two weeks later, the tumors were surgically but partially removed, and the device implanted. Mice were observed for tumor regrowth and organ toxicity. The animal study revealed that there was no tumor regrowth, six weeks post-treatment, when the LHRH targeted drugs (LHRH-PTX and LHRH-PGS) were used for the treatment. The possible cytotoxic effects of the released drugs on the liver, kidney, and lung are assessed using quantitative biochemical assay from blood samples of the treatment groups. Ex vivo histopathological results from organ tissues showed that the targeted cancer drugs released from the implantable drug-loaded device did not induce any adverse effect on the liver, kidneys, or lungs, based on the results of qualitative toxicity studies. The implications of the results are discussed for the targeted and localized treatment of triple negative breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cisplatin-based metallodrugs are traditionally utilized as anticancer agents. Nonetheless, these drugs have adverse effects on normal tissues since cisplatin eliminates the body amid cancerous growth cells by destroying the sequence of genomic DNA. As a result, the metallodrug structure demonstrated numerous antagonistic behaviours to the malignant tumour development system associated with nucleic acid G-quadruplex. This paper systematically explored the development of successful procedures and competent anticancer drugs that expressly collaborate, resolve, or divide G4 structures. In the therapeutic domain, we highlighted the cutting-edge G4-metallo-structures, their interface mechanisms, and the potential for use as anticancer medicines. Furthermore, this paper also describes the methodologies utilized to discriminate the binding capacity between G-quadruplex and metallo-structures. This review will help to create metallodrugs from the most significant electrical supplementary design specification to a progressively logical bio-science level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were formed in the present paper, employing a pulsed laser irradiation approach on a pure zinc target surrounding double deionized water. The structure, morphology, chemical bonding, and optical characteristics of prepared ZnO nanoparticles were investigated using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, spectrophotometer, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The nanoparticles have a nanocrystalline structure with a hexagonal wurtzite arrangement and are spherical with diameters ranging from 5 to 60 nm depending on the laser energy. The analysis of ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy shows a blue shift with decreasing laser energy, and the optical energy bandgap increases as particle size decreases. The FTIR spectrum of ZnO nanoparticles identified at 512.37 cm−1 and 448.63 cm−1 was ascribed to Zn–O-Zn stretching vibrations. However, using the agar well diffusion technique, ZnO nanoparticles were tested for their antibacterial properties towards two distinct strains of bacteria. Antibacterial inspection demonstrated that ZnO nanoparticles were most effective against Staphylococcus aureus, followed by Escherichia coli. Furthermore, the anticancer potential treated with the ZnO nanoparticles was evaluated against the ovarian tumor cell line (SKOV-3), as well as the results suggest that the nanoparticles can function against an antiproliferative agent towards SKOV-3 cells. The present work illustrates the promise of biomedical applications of ZnO nanoparticles obtained by laser irradiation in water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To determine the feasibility of eliciting utilities with a standard gamble self-completion questionnaire that uses a single-item approach in melanoma patients. Methods: 150 patients with low-risk melanoma completed a paper standard gamble questionnaire. Six scenarios described the adjuvant treatment of high-risk melanoma with interferon alfa-2b with varied side effects. Patients were asked to directly state the maximum death risk they would accept to prevent these health states. Methods were the same as in a study by Kilbridge et al. (J Clin Oncol 19(3):812–823, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2001.19.3.812), except that they used computerised interviews and an iterative risk variation (Ping–Pong method) to elicit utilities. Results: The rate of missing values in the standard gamble was 1.0%. The percentage of patients who misordered scenarios was very similar to the reference study (11.3% vs. 11.2%). Mean utilities were also similar with a maximum difference of 0.02 points, but median utilities were not (between 0.21 points below and 0.05 points above the reference study). Conclusions: One-item utility elicitation with questionnaires might be a feasible alternative to computerised face-to-face interviews to conduct a standard gamble in melanoma patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the development of anti-breast cancer drugs, the quantitative structure-activity relationship model of compounds is usually used to select potential active compounds. However, the existing methods often have problems such as low model prediction performance, lack of overall consideration of the biological activity and related properties of compounds, and difficulty in directly selection candidate drugs. Therefore, this paper constructs a complete set of compound selection framework from three aspects: feature selection, relationship mapping and multi-objective optimization problem solving. In feature selection part, a feature selection method based on unsupervised spectral clustering is proposed. The selected features have more comprehensive information expression ability. In the relationship mapping part, a variety of machine learning algorithms are used for comparative experiments. Finally, the CatBoost algorithm is selected to perform the relationship mapping between each other, and better prediction performance is achieved. In the multi-objective optimization part, based on the analysis of the conflict relationship between the objectives, the AGE-MOEA algorithm is improved and used to solve this problem. Compared with various algorithms, the improved algorithm has better search performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, we read a paper "Preclinical assessment of histone deacetylase inhibitor quisinostat as a therapeutic agent against esophageal squamous cell carcinoma" published in Investigational New Drugs. Quisinostat may be a promising drug candidate for the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. However, some problems existing in the methods part of this paper are worthy of comment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paclitaxel (PTX), methotrexate (MTX), and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) are commonly-used small molecule anti-tumor drugs for breast cancer. Unfortunately, drug resistance occurs with long-term treatment or excessive use, and the high concentrations of PTX, MTX, and 5-FU in patients may lead to side effects with dose-limiting toxicities, such as myelosuppression, hepatotoxicity, and peripheral neuropathy. Therefore, concentration monitoring of PTX, MTX, and 5-FU in clinical treatment is very important. We prepared highly sensitive and specific monoclonal antibodies using several haptens, and established a multiple paper-based sensor utilizing optical signals of gold nanoparticles, which simultaneously detected PTX, MTX, and 5-FU in human plasma or urine with 10 min. A portable scanner for quantitative detection in plasma and urine samples was used, and the calculated limit of detection (cLOD) values were 0.002 and 0.142 µg/mL for PTX, 0.187 and 0.976 ng/mL for MTX, and 0.057 and 0.128 µg/mL for 5-FU, respectively. In the recovery test, the recovery rates and the coefficient of variation were 85.84%–108.81% and 1.23%–8.80%, respectively, indicating the reliability and accuracy of the multiple gold immunochromatographic strip (GIS). In addition, for the determination of collected clinical plasma samples, the correlation between the test data of the multiple GIS and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) was good. Therefore, the developed multiple GIS could be applied to the rapid detection of PTX, MTX, and 5-FU in different clinical samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sesamol (SM), a well-known component isolated from sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum), used in traditional medicines in treating numerous ailments. However, numerous molecular investigations revealed the various mechanisms behind its activity, emphasizing its antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and apoptosis-inducing properties, preventing cancer cell spread to distant organs. In several cells derived from various malignant tissues, SM-regulated signal transduction pathways and cellular targets have been identified. This review paper comprehensively describes the anticancer properties of SM and SM-viable anticancer drugs. Additionally, the interactions of this natural substance with standard anticancer drugs are examined, and the benefits of using nanotechnology in SM applications are explored. This makes SM a prime example of how ethnopharmacological knowledge can be applied to the development of contemporary drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focused on the efficiency of carbon nitride nanotubes functionalized with alanine amino acid (f-C3NNTs) in thiotepa (TPA) anti-cancerous drug delivery via density functional theory (DFT). Pristine C3NNTs were incorporated for comparison. TPA was found to spontaneously undergo exothermic adsorption onto the nanostructures. The f-C3NNT/TPA complexes showed the highest interaction strength. The adsorption distance of TPA was found to be smaller, with a greater adsorption capacity and solubility on the f-C3NNT surface than on the pristine C3NNT surface. As they were polar, all the complexes were concluded to be insoluble within an aqueous phase. The quantum molecular descriptors revealed the f-C3NNT nanocarriers to be more reactive than the C3NNT carrier. The drug was found to spontaneously and exothermically interact with f-C3NNT. As a result, f-C3NNT would be promising for TPA adsorption in drug delivery applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple wipe sampling procedure was developed for the surface contamination determination of ten cytotoxic drugs: cytarabine, gemcitabine, methotrexate, etoposide phosphate, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, irinotecan, doxorubicin, epirubicin and vincristine. Wiping was performed using Whatman filter paper on different surfaces such as stainless steel, polypropylene, polystyrol, glass, latex gloves, computer mouse and coated paperboard. Wiping and desorption procedures were investigated: The same solution containing 20% acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in water gave the best results. After ultrasonic desorption and then centrifugation, samples were analysed by a validated liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in selected reaction monitoring mode. The whole analytical strategy from wipe sampling to LC-MS/MS analysis was evaluated to determine quantitative performance. The lowest limit of quantification of 10 ng per wiping sample (i.e. 0.1 ng cm) was determined for the ten investigated cytotoxic drugs. Relative standard deviation for intermediate precision was always inferior to 20%. As recovery was dependent on the tested surface for each drug, a correction factor was determined and applied for real samples. The method was then successfully applied at the cytotoxic production unit of the Geneva University Hospitals pharmacy. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The drug development process involves a variety of drug activity evaluations, which can determine drug efficacy, strictly analyze the biological indicators after the drug action, and use these indicators as the preclinical drug evaluation criteria. At present, most of the screening of preclinical anticancer drugs mainly relies on traditional 2D cell culture. However, this traditional technology cannot simulate the tumor microenvironment in vivo, let alone reflect the characteristics of solid tumors in vivo, and has a relatively poor ability to predict drug activity. 3D cell culture is a technology between 2D cell culture and animal experiments, which can better reflect the biological state in vivo and reduce the consumption of animal experiments. 3D cell culture can link the individual study of cells with the study of the whole organism, reproduce in vitro the biological phenotype of cells in vivo more greatly, and thus predict the activity and resistance of anti-tumor drugs more accurately. In this paper, the common techniques of 3D cell culture are discussed, with emphasis on its main advantages and application in the evaluation of anti-tumor resistance, which can provide strategies for the screening of anti-tumor drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer, caused by the failure of the mechanism that controls cell growth and proliferation, is usually associated with severe health issues. Nowadays, chemotherapy still occupies an important place in clinical cancer treatment, but the multidrug resistance and low specificity of chemotherapeutics are the major obstacles that undermine effective cancer treatment. Pyrazole and pyrimidine/fused pyrimidine can be rewarded with significant anticancer activity and tampered with in a range of places whereby some of their derivatives have received approval to treat cancer. Notably, pyrazole-pyrimidine/fused pyrimidine hybrids, blending of pyrazole and pyrimidine/fused pyrimidine pharmacophores into in a new chemical entity, can act on different targets simultaneously in cancer cells and possess potent in vitro and in vivo activity against both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cancers. Moreover, several pyrazole-pyrimidine/fused pyrimidine hybrids which are exemplified by ruxolitinib (pyrazole-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine hybrid) have already applied in clinics for cancer therapy, demonstrating pyrazole-pyrimidine/fused pyrimidine hybrids are pharmacologically significant scaffolds for the exploration of novel anticancer agents. This review aims to shed light on the recent developments of pyrazole-pyrimidine/fused pyrimidine hybrids with anticancer potential, and their structure-activity relationships as well as mechanisms of action are also discussed, covering papers published from 2019 to present, to facilitate further rational design of more effective candidates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine and compare with the validated, paper/pencil European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy Scale (QLQ-CIPN20), the psychometric properties of three electronically administered patient reported outcome (PRO) measures of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN): (1) the two neuropathy items from the National Cancer Institute's Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE), (2) the QLQ-CIPN20, and (3) the 0-10 Neuropathy Screening Question (NSQ).Methods: We employed a descriptive, cross-sectional design and recruited 25 women with breast cancer who were receiving neurotoxic chemotherapy at an academic hospital. Participants completed the paper/pencil QLQ-CIPN20 and electronic versions of the QLQ-CIPN20, PRO-CTCAE, and NSQ. Internal consistency reliability, intraclass correlation, and concurrent and discriminant validity analyses were conducted.Results: The alpha coefficients for the electronic QLQ-CIPN20 sensory and motor subscales were 0.76 and 0.75. Comparison of the electronic and paper/pencil QLQ-CIPN20 subscales supported mode equivalence (intraclass correlation range >0.91). Participants who reported the presence of numbness/tingling via the single-item NSQ reported higher mean QLQ-CIPN20 sensory subscale scores (p < 0.001). PRO-CTCAE neuropathy severity and interference items correlated well with the QLQ-CIPN20 electronic and paper/pencil sensory (r = 0.76; r = 0.70) and motor (r = 0.55; r = 0.62) subscales, and with the NSQ (r = 0.72; r = 0.44).Conclusion: These data support the validity of the electronically administered PRO-CTCAE neuropathy items, NSQ, and QLQ-CIPN20 for neuropathy screening in clinical practice. The electronic and paper/pencil versions of the QLQ-CIPN can be used interchangeably based on evidence of mode equivalence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To update the 2013 Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer/International Society of Oral Oncology (MASCC/ISOO) clinical practice guidelines on oral cryotherapy for the management of oral mucositis (OM) caused by cancer therapies.Methods: A systematic review was conducted by the Mucositis Study Group of MASCC/ISOO. The evidence for each intervention for specific cancer treatment modalities was assigned a level of evidence (LoE). The findings were added to the database used to develop the 2013 MASCC/ISOO clinical practice guidelines. Based on the LoE, the guidelines were set as: recommendation, suggestion, or no guideline possible.Results: A total of 114 papers were identified: 44 from PubMed and 70 from Web of Science. After abstract triage and merging with the 2013 database, 36 papers were reviewed. The LoE for prevention of OM with oral cryotherapy in patients undergoing autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant using high-dose melphalan conditioning protocols was upgraded, and the guideline changed to recommendation. Additionally, the recommendation for prevention of OM with oral cryotherapy in patients receiving bolus 5-fluorouracil for the treatment of solid tumors was confirmed. No guidelines were possible for other clinical settings.Conclusions: The evidence supports recommendations for the use of oral cryotherapy for the prevention of OM for either (i) patients undergoing autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant with high-dose melphalan conditioning protocols or (ii) patients receiving bolus 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To update the clinical practice guidelines for the use of antimicrobials, mucosal coating agents, anesthetics, and analgesics for the prevention and/or treatment of oral mucositis (OM).Methods: A systematic review was conducted by the Mucositis Study Group of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer/International Society of Oral Oncology (MASCC/ISOO). The body of evidence for each intervention, in each cancer treatment setting, was assigned an evidence level. The findings were added to the database used to develop the 2014 MASCC/ISOO clinical practice guidelines. Based on the evidence level, the following guidelines were determined: Recommendation, Suggestion, and No Guideline Possible.Results: A total of 9 new papers were identified within the scope of this section, adding to the 62 papers reviewed in this section previously. A new Suggestion was made for topical 0.2% morphine for the treatment of OM-associated pain in head and neck (H&N) cancer patients treated with RT-CT (modification of previous guideline). A previous Recommendation against the use of sucralfate-combined systemic and topical formulation in the prevention of OM in solid cancer treatment with CT was changed from Recommendation Against to No Guideline Possible. Suggestion for doxepin and fentanyl for the treatment of mucositis-associated pain in H&N cancer patients was changed to No Guideline Possible.Conclusions: Of the agents studied for the management of OM in this paper, the evidence supports a Suggestion in favor of topical morphine 0.2% in H&N cancer patients treated with RT-CT for the treatment of OM-associated pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To update the clinical practice guidelines for the use of growth factors and cytokines for the prevention and/or treatment of oral mucositis (OM).Methods: A systematic review was conducted by the Mucositis Study Group of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer/International Society of Oral Oncology (MASCC/ISOO). The body of evidence for each intervention, in each cancer treatment setting, was assigned an evidence level. The findings were added to the database used to develop the 2014 MASCC/ISOO clinical practice guidelines. Based on the evidence level, the following guidelines were determined: recommendation, suggestion, and no guideline possible.Results: A total of 15 new papers were identified within the scope of this section and were merged with 51 papers that were reviewed in the previous guidelines update. Of these, 14, 5, 13, 2, and 1 were randomized controlled trials about KGF-1, G-CSF, GM-CSF, EGF, and erythropoietin, respectively. For the remaining agents there were no new RCTs. The previous recommendation for intravenous KGF-1 in patients undergoing autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) conditioned with high-dose chemotherapy and TBI-based regimens is confirmed. The previous suggestion against the use of topical GM-CSF for the prevention of OM in the setting of high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplantation remains unchanged.Conclusions: Of the growth factors and cytokines studied for the management of OM, the evidence supports a recommendation in favor of KGF-1 and a suggestion against GM-CSF in certain clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) with efficient drug loading content and targeting moieties is an attractive field and remains a challenge in drug delivery systems. Atomistic investigations can provide an in-depth understanding of delivery devices and reduce the number of expensive experiments. In this paper, we studied the self-assembly of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)-b-poly (ethylene glycol) with different molecular weights and surface compositions. The innovation of this molecular study is the loading of an antitumor drug (docetaxel) on a targeting ligand (riboflavin). According to this work, a novel, biocompatible and targeted system for cancer treatment has been developed. The obtained results revealed a correlation between polymer molecular weight and the stability of particles. In this line, samples including 20 and 10 w/w% moiety NPs formed from polymers with 3 and 4.5 kDa backbone sizes, respectively, are the stable models with the highest drug loading and entrapment efficiencies. Next, we evaluated NP morphology and found that NPs have a core/shell structure consisting of a hydrophobic core with a shell of poly (ethylene glycol) and riboflavin. Interestingly, morphology assessments confirmed that the targeting moiety located on the surface can improve drug delivery to receptors and cancerous cells. The developed models provided significant insight into the structure and morphology of NPs before the synthesis and further analysis of NPs in biological environments. However, in the best cases of this system, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) tests were also taken and the results were consistent with the results obtained from All Atom and Coarse Grained simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider an optimal control problem of nonlinear systems with mixed control variables and probability constraints. To obtain a numerical solution of this optimal control problem, our target is to formulate this problem as a constrained nonlinear parameter optimization problem (CNPOP), which can be solved by using any gradient-based numerical computation method. Firstly, some binary functions are introduced for each value of the discrete-valued control variable (DCV). Following that, we relax these binary functions and impose a penalty term on the relaxation such that the solution of the resulting relaxed problem (RP) can converge to the solution of the original problem as the penalty parameter increases. Secondly, we introduce a simple initial transformation for the probability constraints. Following that, an adaptive sample approximation method (ASAM) and a novel smooth approximation technique (NSAT) are adopted to formulate the probability constraints as some deterministic constraints. Thirdly, a control parameterization approach (CPA) is used to transform the deterministic problem (i.e., an infinite dimensional problem) into a finite dimensional CNPOP. Fourthly, in order to combine the advantages of limited memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (L-BFGS) algorithms and differential evolution (DE) algorithms, a L-BFGS-based DE (L-BFGS-DE) algorithm is proposed for solving the resulting approximation problem based on an improvied L-BFGS (IL-BFGS) method and an improved DE (IDE) algorithm. Following that, we establish the convergence result of the L-BFGS-DE algorithm. The L-BFGS-DE algorithm consists of two stages. The objectives of the first and second stages are to obtain a probable position of the global solution and to accelerate the convergence rate, respectively. In the IL-BFGS method, we propose a novel updating rule (NUR), which uses not only the gradient information of the objective function but also the value of the objective function. This will improved the performance of the IL-BFGS method. In the IDE algorithm, a novel adaptive parameter adjustment (NAPA) method, a novel population size decrease (NPSD) strategy, and an improved mutation (IM) scheme are proposed to improve its performance. Finally, an anti-cancer drug therapy problem (ADTP) is further extended to illustrate the effectiveness of the L-BFGS-DE algorithm by taking into account some probability constraints. Numerical results show that the L-BFGS-DE algorithm has good performance and can obtain a stable and robust performance when considering the small noise perturbations in initial state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer and cardiovascular disease are two of the leading causes of global mortality and morbidity. Medical research has generated powerful lifesaving treatments for patients with cancer; however, such treatments may sometimes be at the expense of the patient's myocardium, leading to heart failure. Anti-cancer drugs, including anthracyclines, can result in deleterious cardiac effects, significantly impacting patients' functional capacity, mental well-being, and quality of life. Recognizing this, recent international guidelines and expert papers published recommendations on risk stratification and care delivery, including that of cardio-oncology services. This review will summarize key evidence with a focus on anthracycline therapy, providing clinical guidance for the non-oncology professional caring for a patient with cancer and heart failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. However, mechanisms of its progression remained unclear and new treatments against this disease are rapidly emerging. As a novel preclinical model, patient-derived organoid (PDO) can also be established from the patient's tumor tissue and cultured in the laboratory, which preserves the key biological characteristics of the original tumor. Compared to the patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model of lung cancer, the culture success rate is improved, and the time and cost of model establishment are largely reduced. PDO is also expected to provide a more individual model to predict the efficacy of anti-cancer treatment in vitro. This paper summarizes the current application of PDO in the translational research of lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the use of nanomaterials as a delivery system for anticancer drugs is very important. In this paper, first, the electronic and adsorption properties of gold clusters Aun (n = 2–6) interacted 5-Fluorouracil(5FU) molecule were investigated in the gas phase using Density functional theory (DFT) calculation. A Monte Carlo simulation was performed to study their properties in water solution. Gas phase calculation showed higher binding energy for the 5FU/Au4 complex than the others. Thermodynamic analysis indicated the interactions of 5FU and clusters are exothermic, and the drug binding to the Au2 and Au4 is favorable at room temperature. Monte Carlo calculations in aqueous solution showed that odd clusters could act as more suitable candidates for the carrier of 5FU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In drug design, there are two major causes of drug failure in the clinic. First, the drug has to work, and second, the drug should be safe. Identifying compounds that work for certain ailments require enormous experimental time and, in general, is cost intensive. In this paper, we are concerned with melanoma, a special type of cancer that affects the skin. In particular, we seek to provide a mathematical model that can predict the ability of flavonoids, a vast and natural class of compounds that are found in plants, in reversing or alleviating melanoma. The basis for our model is the conception of a new graph parameter called, for lack of better terminology, graph activity, which captures melanoma cancer healing properties of the flavonoids. With a superior coefficient of determination, R 2 = 1 , the new model faithfully reproduces anti-cancer activities of some known data-sets. We demonstrate that the model can be used to rank the healing abilities of flavonoids which could be a powerful tool in the screening, and identification, of compounds for drug candidates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary objective of this study was to describe the cytotoxicity on HEPG-2 cells and to study the COVID‑19 activities of the novel H2L ligand and its Cr and Cu nano-complexes. As well as exploring the chemistry of the prepared nano-complexes. In this paper novel Schiff base, N-(4, 6-dimethyl pyrimidin-2-yl)-4-(((2-hydroxyl naphthalene-1-y l) methylene) amino) benzene—sulfonamidesulfonyl) amide has been synthesized. The novel Schiff base H2L is used to synthesize novel nano and micro-complexes with CrCl2.6H2O and CuCl2.2H2O. The prepared ligand and micro complexes were interpreted by different spectroscopic techniques. The nano-sized Cr and Cu complexes were synthesized in an environmentally friendly manner using Coriandrum sativum (CS) media extract in ethanol. The structure, morphologies and particle size of the nano-sized complexes were determined using FT-IR, TEM, and PXRD. The results showed that the nano-domain complexes are on the Sub-nano scale. Furthermore, using TGA, we studied the effect of heat on the size of newly prepared nano-complexes. Experimental data were supported by DFT calculations. The findings revealed that the metal complexes investigated are more stable than the free ligand H2L. The antitumor activity was examined before and after heating the nano-complexes at 200 °C. The results reveal the Cr nano complex, after heating, exhibited strong antitumor activity with IC50 value (3.349 μg/ml). The tested Cu nano-complex shows good DNA cleavage. The liver cancer and COVID19 proteins were examined using molecular docking to identify the potential binding energy of inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a means of applying cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), plasma-activated solutions have received extensive attention for their excellent anticancer effects. However, previous studies have focused mainly on the local injection of plasma-activated solutions for cancer treatment while ignoring the anticancer effects of intraluminal plasma-activated solution perfusion. In this paper, the anticancer effects of flowing plasma-activated saline (PAS) on human bladder cancer cell lines (J82) were studied in vitro in a microfluidic system. It is noteworthy that flowing PAS can kill cancer cells more efficiently than PAS immersion. Further experimental results show that the anticancer effects of PAS on J82 cells in the microcavity are affected by plasma irradiation time, perfusion time and liquid flow rate. Our research suggests that PAS perfusion therapy can become a controllable alternative therapy pathway in the future clinical treatment of intracavitary tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For centuries, herbal drugs have been used in various civilizations across the globe. India has its own ancient awareness on herbal drugs that people used without knowing their medicinal value or why they consume them. The changing lifestyle that individuals nowadays are leading and the increasing amount of synthetic chemicals and pollutants that they are being exposed to, many diseases and disorders are becoming more prevalent in modern societies. Cancer is one of these illnesses that causes morbidity and mortality among humankind, contributing to 9.6 million deaths annually. Even drug-resistant types of cancer have begun to increase, requiring a search for innovative and effective remedies. Herbal drugs may provide that potential cure. Plants like Boerhavia diffusa (Punarnava), Curcuma longa (Turmeric), Tinospora cordifolia, Simarouba glauca and many others are known to possess anti-cancerous properties. Molecular isolation and chemical modification of active compounds may be the key to finding the cure everyone is looking for. This paper examines herbal drugs that are being studied extensively, due to their anticancer properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flavones are natural products of the benzopyran class consisting of oxygen-containing heterocycles that are widely distributed in the plant kingdom as secondary metabolites. Many of them, due to their significant biological properties such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, and antibacterial, play vital roles in the human body and are also known for their antioxidant activity. Some synthetic flavones are emerging as prospective anticancer drug candidates, and some of them have already entered clinical trials. This paper discusses the anticancer activity of various flavone derivatives and their probable binding interaction with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ (PPARγ) protein associated with various cancers through docking. The binding interaction gives an insight into the development of a potent anticancer agent. Further structure–activity relations of flavone derivatives are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mathematical study of the growth and treatment of cancer has been of great interest to researchers in the recent past as that can help clinical practitioners in adopting new treatment strategies to fight effectively against cancer. Although chemotherapy is the most common method of cancer treatment, the drug-resistant nature of tumor cells and the toxic effect of chemotherapeutic drugs on normal cells are major threats to the success of chemotherapy. In this paper, we propose a multi-drug chemotherapy model combined with an optimal control approach in which the amount of drugs is taken as control functions. The underlying mathematical model discusses the evolution of a heterogeneous tumor population and the dynamics of normal cells under chemotherapy. The model incorporates the pharmacokinetics of the anticancer agents as well. The proposed optimal control approach ensures maximum decay of the tumor cells while preserving a sufficient level of normal cells that would help faster recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a novel one-pot strategy was utilized to immobilize gold nanorods (GNRs) onto the surface of PEGylated graphene oxide (GO-PEG) via polydopamine (PDA) to fabricate GNRs/GO@PDA hybrid nanosheets. The GNRs/GO@PDA nanosheets possessed excellent photostability and photothermal conversion efficiency (36.10%), due to the robust interfacial immobilization of PDA between GNRs and GO-PEG. Besides, GNRs/GO@PDA also could be utilized to be an efficient drug nano-vehicle that possessed an excellent loading ability for anticancer drug doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) (86.16%). Furthermore, the drug release of hybrid nanosheets could be triggered by pH value and near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation, which could be mainly ascribed to the strong π–π stacking interaction between GNRs/GO@PDA and DOX, as well as the brilliant NIR-responsive property of GNRs/GO@PDA. It was found that GNRs/GO@PDA possessed extremely low cytotoxicity to MCF-7 cells even at 250 μg mL−1, while GNRs/GO@PDA(DOX) showed obvious cytotoxicity at 100 μg mL−1. Thus, this paper presents a feasible strategy to fabricate GNRs/GO hybrid nanosheets with high drug loading capacity, excellent photothermal conversion property and pH/NIR-stimuli-responsive drug delivery performance, which possesses brilliant potentials to be an efficient platform for remotely triggered drug delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent papers, it is found that the silver-[6]Helicene complex can be used as a cancer drug but the interaction silver-hexaHelicene has not yet proven. The idea of this paper is to investigate the complexation process of the [6]Helicene by the silver metal (Ag+) using three types of adsorbates. Indeed, the adsorption of silver chloride, silver nitrate and silver sulfide into the sensor films deposited on the QCM electrode are measured at three temperatures (293–333 K). Films of the [6]Helicene were deposited on the QCM resonators using spin coating method in order to obtain uniform and homogenous sensor surface. Experimental results indicated that the [6]Helicene can form a stable complex with the silver ion and that the AgCl is the appropriate adsorbate for the complexation achievement. Actually, an advanced modeling analysis by means of statistical physics adsorption models is applied to explore the new vision of the complextion system. The values of the models parameters are deduced from fitting the experimental data with the developed models. They result in confirming the experimental findings by comparing the complexation energies of the three examined systems. In particular, for the silver nitrate, the Van-der-Waals parameters explained the isotherms drop at high concentration through the lateral interactions between the adsorbates. The adsorption energies analysis showed the highest interaction AgCl-[6]Helicene. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations showed that chemical bonds take place during the adsorption of silver chloride on hexaHelicene which confirms that the [6]Helicene can function as a chiral molecular tweezer of the univalent cationic silver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To update the clinical practice guidelines for the management of oral mucositis (OM) that were developed by the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer/International Society of Oral Oncology (MASCC/ISOO). This part focuses on honey, herbal compounds, saliva stimulants, probiotics, and miscellaneous agents.Methods: A systematic review was conducted by the Mucositis Study Group of MASCC/ISOO. The body of evidence for each intervention, in each clinical setting, was assigned an evidence level. The findings were added to the database used to develop the 2014 MASCC/ISOO clinical practice guidelines. Based on the evidence level, one of the following guidelines were determined: Recommendation, Suggestion, No Guideline Possible.Results: A total of 78 papers were identified within the scope of this section, of which 49 were included in this review and merged with nine publications that were reported in the previous guidelines update. A new Suggestion was made for honey (combined topical and systemic delivery) for the prevention of OM in head and neck cancer patients receiving radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. A new Suggestion clarified that chewing gum is not effective for the prevention of OM in pediatric patients with hematological or solid cancer treated with chemotherapy. No guideline was possible for other interventions.Conclusions: Numerous natural products and herbal remedies were studied for the management of OM. Of the agents reviewed in this systematic review, a guideline in favor was made for honey (combined topical and systemic), while a guideline against was made for chewing gum. Additional research is warranted to clarify the potential of other interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of controlled targeted drug delivery systems for personalized cancer therapy is one of the most important tasks of modern medicine. Controlled delivery and releasing of antitumor drugs provide a reduction in their toxicity to normal human cells and reduce the severity of side effects of cancer therapy. Multilayer polymeric capsules (MPCs) are promising potential candidates for the development of delivery systems based on them. MPCs are produced by layer-by-layer adsorption of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes on the surface of a charged microsubstrate of spherical shape. This method allows to obtain MPCs of different structures and functionalize them with antitumor agents and biomolecules for cancer targeted delivery. The paper presents the main stages of the production of MPCs and analyzes the efficiency of loading the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) within the MPCs using passive diffusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, lung cancer has become one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, which seriously threatens the life and health of mankind. Lung cancer is also the most common cancer in China. According to the latest report released by the National Cancer Center, the incidence and fatality rate of lung cancer in China rank first among malignant tumors, which has brought great disease burden to the Chinese. In this paper, using ethyl acetoacetate as the starting material, eight benzo[d]imidazolium[2,1-b]thiazole target compounds containing chromone were synthesized in five steps through alpha halogenation, cyclization, hydrolysis, condensation and cyclization reaction. MTT assay was used to evaluate the in vitro inhibitory activity of the target compounds on A549 and H2228 cancer cells. The IC50 values of the target compounds to A549 and H2228 cell lines ranged from 17.63 to 369.09 μmol/L. Some target compounds have moderate anti-tumor activity in vitro, which could be used to prepare related anti-tumor drugs for lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthetic and naturally available compounds with indole moiety are known to show significant biological activity. This paper describes computational insights and synthesis of novel indole clubbed Schiff base derivatives (IVa–j) with improved biological profile. Synthesized molecules were characterized by 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The prepared derivatives were evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activity against A549 cell line using MTT assay. Results revealed significant potential of the synthesized compounds, especially (IVb), which exhibited high anticancer activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resistance to antibiotics is on the rise, and its indiscriminate usage has resulted in human and animal management constraints. In the research for an innovative treatment to diminish antimicrobial resistance, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) throw light on diminishing this problem in public health. As a result, this paper looked at the efficacy of LAB isolates and their active metabolites to combat pathogens, reduce antibiotic use in clinical settings, and explore the anticancer potential of 8 strains of LAB isolated from dairy products. Antifungal and antibacterial potential of LAB isolates against selected crop pathogenic fungi and food pathogenic bacteria had been estimated. Results revealed that all isolates exert antioxidant efficacy relating to DPPH, NO scavenging ability, reducing power, superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, and anti-lipid peroxidation potential. Additionally, 12B isolate exert the highest anticancer upshot with IC50 values of 43.98 ± 0.4; 36.7 ± 0.6, 43.1 ± 0.8, and 35.1 ± 0.3 μg/ml, versus Caco-2, MCF-7, HepG-2, and PC3 cell lines respectively, whereas 13B isolate significantly had the highest selectivity index between peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the tested human cancer cell lines compared to 5-fluorouracil. 13B was the most apoptosis-dependent death inducer for all human cancer cell lines besides exerting the lowest percentage of apoptosis against PBMCs suggesting its safety against PBMCs. The most promising strains 12B and 13B were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ESSG1 (MZ683194.1) and Lactiplantibacillus pentosus ESSG2 (MZ683195.1). LAB and their extracts are superb substitutive, safe, and efficient antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antitumor curative agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying responses/sensitivity of drugs to explore personalized therapy related to drugs has been a significant issue in pharmacogenomic-related studies. Cancer is an acute disease involving heterogeneous behavior of similar tumor types of human's data related to drug therapy. Some large-scale pharmacogenomic studies related to cancer cell lines have been emerging pharma clinical systems to predicting advanced genetic sub relations like sensitivity for influence therapeutic approach. Advanced machine learning approaches related to pharmacogenomic data studies have evaluated the ability to identify drug/compound sensitivity. Recently, drug sensitivity prediction has been critical in drug identification and design because some of the pharmacogenomic online data contribute as open access. These databases are used to identify drug sensitivity by developing computational methodologies. However, all these methodologies are not sufficient to predict the sensitivity of drugs because of multi-features. So that in this paper, we propose a Novel Regression-based Ensemble Convolution Neural Network Model (NRECNNM) to identify the sensitivity of drugs based on multiple pharma omics data & addresses heterogeneity in the selection of features to sub pharmacogenomic parameters. This approach also evaluates the number of components with the regression calculation method. Ensemble convolution network describes the significance of distance metrics relates to neighborhood dependencies related to drug therapy relations. The proposed approach uses Cancer cell line Encyclopedia (CCLE) data sets, and experimental results examine the performance in predicting sensitivity can enhance with conventional approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]