Search

A 2D transient free convection flow has been demonstrated in the current study computationally as well as numerically. The important terms thermal radiation and heat source term have been employed extensively in this study for the porous medium. The novelty of the current study associated with the term radiation which performs more efficiently in a fluid than any other ingredients when compared to the other methods of heat transfer. Explicit finite difference method (EFDM) has been treated as the main tool of the numerical experiments. This kind of fluids are typically chosen by researchers because of their mechanical characteristics, which play a key role in deciding whether they are suitable for convective heat transfer. The current study can be used as an invaluable resource for research and experimentation due to its comprehensive parametric investigation which has been performed as a motivation of adding few new terms from the previous study. Isotherms and streamlines, as well as shear stress, nusselt and sherwood numbers, were also examined for a variety of parametric ranges. All the analysis has been established using the convergence criteria Sc ≥ 0.100 and Pr ≥ 0.367 . Few of the main findings can be highlighted as: grashof numbers and heart source parameters elevate temperature characteristics, while prandtl numbers, magnetic parameters diminish the profile of temperature. The model that is suggested is advantageous as it holds the potential to substantially improve the fields of thermal and manufacturing engineering. In addition, this current model is worthwhile since it can potentially be utilized in the field of astrophysical research and aerospace technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Scattering and Neutrino Detector at the LHC (SND@LHC) started taking data at the beginning of Run 3 of the LHC. The experiment is designed to perform measurements with neutrinos produced in proton-proton collisions at the LHC in an energy range between 100 GeV and 1 TeV. It covers a previously unexplored pseudo-rapidity range of 7.2 < η < 8.4 . The detector is located 480 m downstream of the ATLAS interaction point in the TI18 tunnel. It comprises a veto system, a target consisting of tungsten plates interleaved with nuclear emulsion and scintillating fiber (SciFi) trackers, followed by a muon detector (UpStream, US and DownStream, DS). In this article we report the measurement of the muon flux in three subdetectors: the emulsion, the SciFi trackers and the DownStream Muon detector. The muon flux per integrated luminosity through an 18 × 18 cm 2 area in the emulsion is: 1.5 ± 0.1 (stat) × 10 4 fb/cm 2. The muon flux per integrated luminosity through a 31 × 31 cm 2 area in the centre of the SciFi is: 2.06 ± 0.01 (stat) ± 0.12 (sys) × 10 4 fb/cm 2 The muon flux per integrated luminosity through a 52 × 52 cm 2 area in the centre of the downstream muon system is: 2.35 ± 0.01 (stat) ± 0.10 (sys) × 10 4 fb/cm 2 The total relative uncertainty of the measurements by the electronic detectors is 6 % for the SciFi and 4 % for the DS measurement. The Monte Carlo simulation prediction of these fluxes is 20–25 % lower than the measured values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing demand and use of plastics in our daily lives have caused an increase in microplastics (MPs) concentration in water bodies. Increasing MP in water affects aquatic life and is associated with several health issues. All sources of water whether fresh, marine, or sewage have reported the presence of various MPs. It is clear from relevant literature that the presence of MP with a particular chemical composition could be indicative of its source and could contribute to its removal. Increasing population density, plastic litters, fishing activities, and industrial wastes are major contributors of MP in water. This review is systematically undertaken where Raman spectroscopy (RS) is used as an indispensable tool to identify the chemical composition of the MP in various water sources (fresh/ground/drinking; ocean/sea; waste/sewage) between 2015 and 2021. Based on the Raman spectra, polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), and polypropylene (PP) are some of the common MP identified in the water sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper brings out some improvements as well as generalization results of a paper of Qi and Yang [17] [Comput. Methods Funct. Theory 20, 159–178 (2020)], which deals with the uniqueness results of and . To be more realistic about the obtained results, we exhibit some examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the assistance of Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data analytics has evolved tremendously. The capability of dealing and processing humongous data by high performance computing systems results in great surge in applications of Big Data analytics in various fields spanning healthcare, automobile, computing, climatology, and space communications etc. The health care sector has been recently largely benefitted by this. Driven by the compounding growth as well as impact of Big Data analytics, we endeavor to map out the areas of health sector where Big Data analytics has been largely influential as well as is having the potential for ground-breaking applications. This work starts with fundamentals of IoT driven Big Data Analytics (BDA) as well as key constitutional elements which is then followed by an application overview in healthcare sector with a simultaneous emphasis on future expectations. Besides, the real time application of BDA with special reference to Covid-19 is comprehensively highlighted with recent examples. It is envisioned that the work will serve as a basic reference for IoT driven BDA in healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The anisotropy in resonant tunneling transport through an electrostatic barrier in monolayer black phosphorus either in presence or in absence of an oscillating potential is studied. Non-perturbative Floquet theory is applied to solve the time dependent problem and the results obtained are discussed thoroughly. The resonance spectra in field free transmission are Lorentzian in nature although the width of the resonance for the barrier along the zigzag (Г–Y) direction is too thinner than that for the armchair (Г–X) one. Resonant transmission is suppressed for both the cases by the application of oscillating potential that produces small oscillations in the transmission around the resonant energy particularly at low frequency range. Sharp asymmetric Fano resonances are noted in the transmission spectrum along the armchair direction while a distinct line shape resonance is noted for the zigzag direction at higher frequency of the oscillating potential. Even after the angular average, the conductance along the Г–X direction retains the characteristic Fano features that could be observed experimentally. The present results are supposed to suggest that the phosphorene electrostatic barrier could be used successfully as switching devices and nano detectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report here a novel experimental scheme for the measurement of strain that utilizes a simple intensity based interrogation system through use of optical fibers. Corresponding to splicing of a multimode fiber between two single mode fibers, the transmittance was measured by subjecting them to strain at multi points. The measurements corresponding to those multi points are found to mimic multimode interference, considerably. The set-up has the potential to be applied in crack propagation analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Refractive index is directly proportional to the concentration of medium. Based on this principle, we report two schemes of measuring varying concentration of solvent by measuring output response through intensity interrogation. In the first case, we use evanescent field by exposing certain portion of a cladding to varying concentration of fossil fuels. In the second case, we utilize reflectance through a displacement scheme for measuring the same analyte. Accordingly, all results are comprehensively analyzed and all sensing performances are procedurally investigated. The sensitivity of both the schemes are estimated and compared. The evanescent fiber optic set-up renders better response as compared to the displacement one. Due to simplicity in design approach, the all fiber optic schemes prove to be highly adaptable to sense other chemical contaminants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report here a low-cost evanescent field wave fiber optic temperature sensor. The amount of rays guided along the fiber probe is the result of the absorption of evanescent waves produced at the core-cladding interface. We systematically investigate the wavelength dependence of this sensor during the measurement of the temperature. The degree of variation with respect to the temperature is also determined by alteration of measuring liquid. We observe an enhanced responsivity of the fiber sensor towards a higher wavelength side. The sensor set-up offers simultaneous detection of refractive indices when correlated with temperature variation. All the results reported here bear a good repeatability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulforaphene from cruciferous vegetable has shown to modulate various signaling pathways of apoptosis. But it has not yet been studied extensively for the cervical cancer treatment. Previous studies show the promising role of photodynamic therapy for cervical cancer. Here, we confirm that sulforaphene can synergistically enhance the efficacy of photodynamic therapy. Human cervical cancer cells HeLa were treated with a very low dose of sulforaphene (2.0 μg/ml) and photodynamic therapy with radachlorin (0.5 μg/ml) at a fluence of 27 J/cm2 (30 milliwatts/cm2, λmax ∼ 670 ± 3 nm). The combination treatment showed a synergistic effect to induce apoptosis. The mitochondrial apoptotic pathway was activated via caspase 3 and caspase 9. On the other hand, caspase 12 and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) were expressed that indicated endoplasmic reticulum stress. This combination treatment also activated death receptor pathway via activation of caspase 8 and inhibited cell proliferation via down-regulation of EGFR. Thus, several apoptotic pathways were simultaneously activated in this combination treatment which results in a synergistic efficacy of sulforaphene with photodynamic therapy. Therefore, this study could be useful in the improvement of therapies for human cervical and other types of cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mineral phase characterization and thorough understanding of its transformation behavior during combustion are imperative to know the potential utilization of coal in the thermal industries. The primary objective of this work is to analyze the quality of Indian Coals and obtain their mineral species-specific information at different depths. The samples were obtained from Talcher Coalfield, Odisha, India. Coal from four seam sections in the Talcher coalfield, India are mainly high ash coal (>50 %) and volatile matter deceases along with the seam depth. XRD results show that the major mineral phases present in the coal are quartz and kaolinite. Siderite, illite, and anatase were found in minor quantities. It has been observed that the clay minerals (kaolinite, silimanite, illite) decompose at higher temperature and traces of dolomite, mullite, hematite etc. are formed during the process of combustion. Among the four seams (M2, M12, M24 and M43) studied, ash of M43 has high AlO%, TiO% and KO% content and low SiO%, CaO% and MgO% content. High acid-to-base ratios contributed to high ash fusion temperatures (IDT > 1500 °C) and low slagging potential of the coals studied. Relatively low fouling index (<0.3) was estimated for all the coal seams studied. Furthermore, thermodynamic modeling software, FactSage, have been used to envision the mineral phase transformations that take place between 800 and 1500 °C during coal combustion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is due to mutations in the CFTR gene, which prevents correct folding, trafficking and function of the mutant cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. The dysfunctional effect of CFTR mutations, principally the F508del-CFTR mutant, is further manifested by hypersecretion of the pro-inflammatory chemokine interleukin-8 into the airway lumen, which further contributes to morbidity and mortality. We have hypothesized that microRNA (miR)-based therapeutics could rescue the dysfunctional consequences of mutant CFTR. Here we report that a miR-16 mimic can effectively rescue F508del-CFTR protein function in airway cell lines and primary cultures, of differentiated human bronchial epithelia from F508del homozygotes, which express mutant CFTR endogenously. We also identify two other miRs, miR-1 and miR-302a, which are also active. Although miR-16 is expressed at basal comparable levels in CF and control cells, miR-1 and miR-302a are undetectable. When miR mimics are expressed in CF lung or pancreatic cells, the expression of the F508del-CFTR protein is significantly increased. Importantly, miR-16 promotes functional rescue of the cyclic AMP-activated apical F508del-CFTR chloride channel in primary lung epithelial cells from CF patients. We interpret these findings to suggest that these miRs may constitute novel targets for CF therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dependence of modal parameter on different photonic crystal fiber has been taken into consideration for a comparative analysis. We consider here phosphate glass and crown glass photonic crystal fiber for our modal analysis for seven air-hole missing photonic crystal fiber. By the use of effective index method, the analysis has been put forwarded for L and C communication bands. Crown glass is found to be a good candidate for spot size and single mode application. Also most importantly, it is very much reliable for low loss and dispersion in comparison with theoretically computed phosphate glass and experimental results of silica core photonic crystal fiber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine concentration of solution with the help of a set-up with two experimental fiber optic sensors, utilizing intensity modulation by reflection as well as evanescent wave absorption. The output by evanescent field sensor shows good sensitivity along with change in concentration as compared to the reflection based sensor. It has been observed that former set-up provides a significant marginality of 0.0275 V/g ml over the latter with utilization of same analyte with good degree of repeatability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron(III) has been estimated spectrophotometrically at 425 nm following its quantitative extraction from Cl medium by Cyanex 301 in redistilled colorless kerosene. Beer's law is valid provided (i) a 10-min phase agitation is allowed in extraction, (ii) [HCl] in the aqueous phase during extraction is kept at 0.10 mol/l or less, (iii) [Cyanex 301] is kept over 0.5% (v/v). It is observed that the linearity range of Beer's plot is increased with increasing (v/v)% of the Cyanex 301 used; the optimum ([Fe(III)], mg/l)/[Cyanex 301] in ((v/v)%) is 20:1. The color is stable for at least 10 days. The molar extinction coefficient ε is 7111 l/mol⋅cm. The method has been applied in the analysis of some metallurgical samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous Fe can be quantified spectrophotometrically at 360 and 500 nm following its quantitative extraction from SO medium by Cyanex 302. Beer's law is followed (up to 50 ppm Fe) provided (i) a 5 min phase agitation is used, (ii) aqueous pH in extraction is kept at 2.9 ± 0.05, and (iii) [Cyanex 302] = 0.30% (v/v). The color is stable for at least 2 months. The estimated ε and ε are 1820 and 970 l/mol∙cm, respectively. The tolerance limits of some cations and anions have been determined. The method has been applied in the analysis of some metallurgical samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose, design, and experimentally demonstrate a novel, simple, distributed refractometric measurement technique based on unique spectral properties of antiresonant-guiding photonic crystal fibers for measuring temperature gradients. We use a simple and accurate analytical model and numerical simulations to guide our experiments. The proposed technique may find applications for monitoring and control of chemical and biological reactions in microfluidic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of Al concentration on the current density in GaAs-AlGaAs heterostructure is studied for two different classes of the Generalized Thue-Morse superlattice (GTS): (i) width-barrier GTS and (ii) height-barrier GTS. The occurrence of resonances in the transmission is found to be highly dependent on the Al concentration as well as on the degree of quasi-periodicity of the system. Interesting features are noted for the current density profile with the increase in the Al content for the width-barrier case. The use of the height-barrier GTS with small Al content could be suggested to achieve the negative differential conducting regimes at comparatively low applied bias. The effects of the applied field as well as of the quasi-periodicity on the carrier localization are also studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In micro-manufacturing, circularity of a drilled hole at entry and exit are important attributes which greatly influence the quality of a drilled hole. This study investigates the effect of five parameters in the circularity of drilled holes in pulsed Nd:YAG laser micro-drilling process. The drilling operation has been carried out on titanium nitride-alumina (TiN-AlO) composite, an important electroconductive ceramics suitable for wear and heating applications. The effect of various process parameters like lamp current, pulse frequency, pulse width, air pressure, and focal length of Nd:YAG laser micro-drilling on hole circularity at entry and exit has been investigated through response-surface-methodology-based experimental study. The parametric combination for optimal hole circularity at entry and exit has also been evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the photonic bandgap structures of three-dimensional metallic crystals. Identification of microwave and millimeter wavelengths; List of optical properties of the bandgap structures; Integration of several photonic transport phenomena.

Coatings of CeO2 derived from inorganic sol-gel dispersions were applied to type 304 bright annealed stainless steel (British Standard 1449 type 304S31) coupons and subjected to heat treatments at 450 and 550 °C. The coatings, 0.5 μm thick, were transparent, adherent, and stable. The aqueous corrosion properties of the coated coupons in 1 molar NaCl were then studied by potentiodynamic polarization measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The derived corrosion parameters were then compared with similarly heat-treated, uncoated 304SS coupons. The results indicate that the application of a CeO2 coating, heat treated at 550 °C, improves the corrosion rate as compared to an uncoated heat-treated coupon. The polarization curve for the 450 °C heat-treated, coated coupon showed passive behavior compared to transpassive for the uncoated specimen. The impedance spectrum data for the uncoated, as-received coupon could be modeled using a resistor in series with a parallel capacitor resistor combination “Randles” equivalent circuit. A coated coupon, heat treated at 550 °C, could be modeled using a more complex equivalent circuit involving a constant phase element, due to the CeO2 coating. Modeling of the impedance characteristics for the oxidized coupons required the addition of a second series element consisting of a parallel resistor capacitor combination to give a Chi square statistic fit of X2 < 5 X 10-4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phases in the homologous series PrnO2n−2 (n=11, 10, 9 and 7) have been studied by temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient measurements using PrO1.83 as the starting material. TPR measurements in helium indicate that oxygen evolution from PrO1.83 occurs in three distinct steps and quantification of the oxygen evolution shows the formation of the phases PrnO2n−2 (n=10, 9 and 7). Temperature-dependent electrical conductivity measurements for p(O2)=0 show breaks in the conductivity which occur at 635, 714 and 797 K, whereas in air the breaks occur only at 720 and 953 K. These correspond to the compositionally controlled phase transitions. The Arrhenius conductivity expression has been used to calculate the activation energies and pre-exponential factors in the stoichiometric regions. Results from TPR and conductivity experiments indicate that PrO1.83 and PrO1.71 have easily established temperature ranges of composition while PrO1.80 and PrO1.78 have stability ranges which are very much smaller. Seebeck coefficient measurements (thermopower) as a function of oxygen partial pressure and temperature indicate that the conduction changes from n to p type for the composition PrO1.71. The approximate independence of the Seebeck coefficient with temperature fits the Heikes theory for a hopping conductor. The discrepancies in the earlier reports on the conductivity of PrO1.83 are attributed to the variations in the p(O2) employed, rate of heating and also to a certain extent the partial hydroxylation and carbonation of the samples used. The results of the present experiments point out these aspects and clarify the discrepancies between previously published data. © 1998 Kluwer Academic Publishers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Klinische Wochenschrift is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Using monofunctional (Angelicin) and bifunctional furocoumarins (Psoralen and 8 Methoxypsoralen) plus 365 nm light it is shown that both damages, the induced monoadducts and/or crosslinks in DNA, provoke lethal and mutagenic effects in haploid and diploid cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Bifunctional furocoumarins are about 20 times more effective in cell killing than Angelicin. Diploid cells are always more resistant than haploid cells. Dark repair (agar holding) increases survival. This effect can be at least in part correlated to the release of bound material from DNA in dark repair conditions. Bifunctional psoralens (10 µg/ml) are at least 10-fold more effective in inducing nuclear gene back mutations (his to HIS) than Angelicin (10 µg/ml) plus 365 nm light or 254 nm ultraviolet light. In contrast cytoplasmic 'petite' ( ς-) mutations are about as frequently induced by Angelicin plus 365 nm light as by 254 nm UV light. Bifunctional furocoumarins are less effective. The frequency of cytoplasmic 'petite' mutations per survivors decreases during dark repair conditions more efficiently after Angelicin than after Psoralen plus 365 nm light treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triple differential cross-section (TDCS) of hydrogen atom in its metastable (2 S) state is studied theoretically by electron and positron impact for coplanar and asymmetric geometry. The final-state wave function in the present model satisfies the asymptotic boundary condition for asymmetric geometry ( i.e. for k ≫ k ). In the absence of experiment, present results are compared with other existing theoretical results. Apart from the double-peaked structure of the TDCS as in ground-state ionization, some interesting secondary structures are found, in conformity with other theories for ionization from 2 S state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photosensitization processes provoked by furocoumarins on various biological systems seem to be in connection with the photoreactions that these substances give both in vitro and in vivo with pyrimidine bases of nucleic acids; in particular linear furocoumarins (psoralen) photoreact with native DNA giving both monofunctional and bifunctional additions (forming in this last case inter-strand cross-linkings) while angular furocoumarin (angelicin) can give only monofunctional additions. Previous studies on the possible recovery of this damage to DNA provoked both by linear and angular furocoumarins demonstrated that no repair underwent either by means of photosplitting experiments or through photoreactivation processes. In this paper are reported direct results indicating that the photodamage to DNA is repairable through post-irradiation dark recovery both operating on microbial cultures and on guinea-pig skin. In both biological systems monofunctional additions appear much more easily repairable than bifunctional additions; in any case bifunctional additions (which produce inter-strand cross-linkings) clearly appear to be repairable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstracts are not published in this journal [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports on the construction of a three-dimensional infrared photonic crystal on a silicon wafer using relatively standard microelectronics fabrication technology. How photonic crystals provide a means for achieving the goal of confining and controlling light in three dimensions.