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Dried blood spots (DBS) are being considered as an alternative sampling method of blood collection that can be used in combination with lipidomic and other omic analysis. DBS are successfully used in the clinical context to collect samples for newborn screening for the measurement of specific fatty acid derivatives, such as acylcarnitines, and lipids from whole blood for diagnostic purposes. However, DBS are scarcely used for lipidomic analysis and investigations. Lipidomic studies using DBS are starting to emerge as a powerful method for sampling and storage in clinical lipidomic analysis, but the major research work is being done in the pre- and analytical steps and procedures, and few in clinical applications. This review presents a description of the impact factors and variables that can affect DBS lipidomic analysis, such as the type of DBS card, haematocrit, homogeneity of the blood drop, matrix/chromatographic effects, and the chemical and physical properties of the analyte. Additionally, a brief overview of lipidomic studies using DBS to unveil their application in clinical scenarios is also presented, considering the studies of method development and validation and, to a less extent, for clinical diagnosis using clinical lipidomics. DBS combined with lipidomic approaches proved to be as effective as whole blood samples, achieving high levels of sensitivity and specificity during MS and MS/MS analysis, which could be a useful tool for biomarker identification. Lipidomic profiling using MS/MS platforms enables significant insights into physiological changes, which could be useful in precision medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer associated body wasting is the cause of physical disability, reduced tolerance to anticancer therapy and reduced survival of cancer patients and, similarly to cancer, its incidence is increasing. There is no cure for this clinical condition, and the pathophysiological process involved is largely unknown. Exercise training appears as the gold standard non-pharmacological therapy for the management of this wasting syndrome. Herein we used a lipidomics approach based on liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HR-MS) to study the effect of exercise in the modulation of phospholipids profile of mitochondria isolated from gastrocnemius muscle of a pre-clinical model of urothelial carcinoma-related body wasting (BBN induced), submitted to 13 weeks of treadmill exercise after diagnosis. Multivariate analysis showed a close relationship between the BBN exercise group and both control groups (control sedentary and control exercise), while the BBN sedentary group was significantly separated from the control groups and the BBN exercise group. Univariate statistical analysis revealed differences mainly in phosphatidylserine (PS) and cardiolipin (CL), although some differences were also observed in phosphatidylinositol (PI, LPI) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) phospholipids. PS with shorter fatty acyl chains were up-regulated in the BBN sedentary group, while the other species of PS with longer FA and a higher degree of unsaturation were down-regulated, but the BBN exercise group was mostly similar to control groups. Remarkably, exercise training prevented these alterations and had a positive impact on the ability of mitochondria to produce ATP, restoring the healthy phospholipid profile. The remodelling of mitochondria phospholipid profile in rats with urothelial carcinoma allowed confirming the importance of the lipid metabolism in mitochondria dysfunction in cancer-induced skeletal muscle remodelling. The regulation of phospholipid biosynthetic pathways observed in the BBN exercise group supported the current perspective that exercise is an adequate therapeutic approach for the management of cancer-related muscle remodeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a growing trend to explore microalgae as an alternative resource for the food, feed, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and fuel industry. Moreover, the polar lipidome of microalgae is interesting because of the reports of bioactive polar lipids which could foster new applications for microalgae. In this work, we identified for the first time the Chlorococcum amblystomatis lipidome using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-high resolution electrospray ionization- tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC–HR–ESI–MS/MS). The Chlorococcum amblystomatis strain had a lipid content of 20.77% and the fatty acid profile, determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, has shown that this microalga contains high amounts of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The lipidome identified included 245 molecular ions and 350 lipid species comprising 15 different classes of glycolipids (6), phospholipids (7) and betaine lipids (2). Of these, 157 lipid species and the main lipid species of each class were esterified with omega-3 PUFAs. The lipid extract has shown antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory potential. Lipid extracts also had low values of atherogenic (0.54) and thrombogenic index (0.27). In conclusion, the lipid extracts of Chlorococcum amblystomatis have been found to be a source of lipids rich in omega-3 PUFAs for of great value for the food, feed, cosmetic, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Male and female offspring of obese mothers are known to differ extensively in their metabolic adaptation and later development of complications. We investigate the sex-dependent responses in obese offspring mice with maternal obesity, focusing on changes in liver glucose and lipid metabolism. Here we show that maternal obesity prior to and during gestation leads to hepatic steatosis and inflammation in male offspring, while female offspring are protected. Females from obese mothers display important changes in hepatic transcriptional activity and triglycerides profile which may prevent the damaging effects of maternal obesity compared to males. These differences are sustained later in life, resulting in a better metabolic balance in female offspring. In conclusion, sex and maternal obesity drive differently transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of major metabolic processes in offspring liver, explaining the sexual dimorphism in obesity-associated metabolic risk.Sex and maternal obesity drive differently transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of major metabolic processes in the livers of female and male offspring, contributing to the sexual dimorphism in obesity-associated metabolic risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing prevalence of obesity in women of reproductive age, there is an urgent need to understand the metabolic impact on the fetus. Sex-related susceptibility to liver diseases has been demonstrated but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here we report that maternal obesity impacts lipid metabolism differently in female and male offspring. Males, but not females, gained more weight and had impaired insulin sensitivity when born from obese mothers compared to control. Although lipid mass was similar in the livers of female and male offspring, sex-specific modifications in the composition of fatty acids, triglycerides and phospholipids was observed. These overall changes could be linked to sex-specific regulation of genes controlling metabolic pathways. Our findings revised the current assumption that sex-dependent susceptibility to metabolic disorders is caused by sex-specific postnatal regulation and instead we provide molecular evidence supporting in utero metabolic adaptations in the offspring of obese mothers. Savva et al. investigate the sex dependent effect of maternal obesity on the metabolism of offspring. They find that metabolic changes are conferred on a sex basis, with males suffering from impaired lipid metabolism relative to females when born to obese mothers, using a lipidomic approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Embryogenesis is an important stage of marine invertebrates with bi-phasic life cycles, as it conditions their larval and adult life. Throughout embryogenesis, phospholipids (PL) play a key role as an energy source, as well as constituents of biological membranes. However, the dynamics of PL during embryogenesis in marine invertebrates is still poorly studied. The present work used a lipidomic approach to determine how polar lipid profiles shift during embryogenesis in two sympatric estuarine crabs, Carcinus maenas and Necora puber. The combination of thin layer chromatography, liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry and gas chromatography - mass spectrometry allowed us to achieve an unprecedented resolution on PL classes and molecular species present on newly extruded embryos (stage 1) and those near hatching (stage 3). Embryogenesis proved to be a dynamic process, with four PL classes being recorded in stage 1 embryos (68 molecular species in total) and seven PL classes at stage 3 embryos (98 molecular species in total). The low interspecific difference recorded in the lipidomic profiles of stage 1 embryos appears to indicate the existence of similar maternal investment. The same pattern was recorded for stage 3 embryos revealing a similar catabolism of embryonic resources during incubation for both crab species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]