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In recent years, the prevalence of allergic diseases has increased significantly, causing great concern, and wheat, as one of the top 8 food allergens, is a common allergy trigger. Nevertheless, reliable estimates of the positivity rate of wheat allergens in the allergic population in China are still lacking. The systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the positive detection rate of wheat allergens in the Chinese allergic population and further provide a reference for the prevention of allergy. CNKI, CQVIP, WAN-FANG DATA, Sino Med, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases were retrieved. Related research and case reports about the positive rate of wheat allergen in the Chinese allergic population published from inception to June 30, 2022, were searched, and meta-analysis was performed using Stata software. The pooled positive rate of wheat allergens and 95% confidence interval were calculated by random effect models, and the publication bias was evaluated using Egger's test. A total of 13 articles were included for the final meta-analysis, in which wheat allergen detection methods involved only serum sIgE testing and SPT assessment. The results showed that the wheat allergen positivity detection rate in Chinese allergic patients was 7.30% (95% CI 5.68–8.92%). Subgroup analysis showed that the positivity rate of wheat allergens was influenced by region, but hardly by age and assessment method. The positive rates of wheat allergy in the population with allergic diseases were 2.74% (95% CI 0.90–4.58%) and 11.47% (95% CI 7.08–15.87%) in southern and northern China, respectively. In particular, the positive rates of wheat allergens were greater than 10% in Shaanxi, Henan and Nei Mongol, all of which belong to the northern region. These results suggest that wheat allergens are an important cause of sensitization in allergic populations from northern China, and therefore attention should be paid to early prevention in high-risk populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the precipitation records of 2474 meteorological stations, this study investigated precipitation characteristics and trends in China from 1961 to 2010, including spatiotemporal distribution and changes in average annual precipitation amount, number of days when daily precipitation > = 1, 5, 10, 25, 50 mm, and extreme precipitation indices. The results showed that: (1) in terms of annual average precipitation amount, both dry to wet, wet to wetter, and shifting between wet and dry showed decadal and climatical fluctuations in annual precipitation totals in space and time, with a clear shift in space from the 0 to 200 mm and above 400 mm precipitation levels to the 200 to 400 mm precipitation level. (2) In terms of graded precipitation days, three kinds of trend changes were observed: (a) enhancement, manifested as an increase in precipitation events, mainly in the northwest and northeast of China; (b) reduction, manifested as a decrease in precipitation events, mainly in the central parts of China; and (c) polarization, which is manifested as a decrease in gentle and light precipitation events but an increase in dry days, heavy, and rainstorm precipitation events, primarily along coastal area in southeast China. (3) In terms of extreme precipitation events, precipitation persistence showed a decreasing trend, but an increasing trend in precipitation intensity and magnitude in most regions of China. This paper also presents the relationship between certain atmospheric circulation indices and the seasonal precipitation of summer and winter. The distribution characteristics and changes in minor precipitation events were highlighted, including gentle and light rain events. Relevant findings can provide scientific guidance for water resource management and conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]