1. Abnormal X chromosome inactivation and tumor development.
- Author
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Wang, Dan, Tang, Le, Wu, Yingfen, Fan, Chunmei, Zhang, Shanshan, Xiang, Bo, Zhou, Ming, Li, Xiaoling, Li, Yong, Li, Guiyuan, Xiong, Wei, Zeng, Zhaoyang, and Guo, Can
- Subjects
X chromosome ,TUMOR suppressor genes ,GENE silencing ,NON-coding RNA ,EMBRYOLOGY - Abstract
During embryonic development, one of the two X chromosomes of a mammalian female cell is randomly inactivated by the X chromosome inactivation mechanism, which is mainly dependent on the regulation of the non-coding RNA X-inactive specific transcript at the X chromosome inactivation center. There are three proteins that are essential for X-inactive specific transcript to function properly: scaffold attachment factor-A, lamin B receptor, and SMRT- and HDAC-associated repressor protein. In addition, the absence of X-inactive specific transcript expression promotes tumor development. During the process of chromosome inactivation, some tumor suppressor genes escape inactivation of the X chromosome and thereby continue to play a role in tumor suppression. A well-functioning tumor suppressor gene on the idle X chromosome in women is one of the reasons they have a lower propensity to develop cancer than men, women thereby benefit from this enhanced tumor suppression. This review will explore the mechanism of X chromosome inactivation, discuss the relationship between X chromosome inactivation and tumorigenesis, and consider the consequent sex differences in cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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