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Laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) was initially indicated for benign and peripherally located lesions, suggesting concern about the oncologic effectiveness of these procedures and a fear of massive bleeding when approaching posterior and superior liver segments [1]. A right hepatectomy remains the preferred choice for deeply located lesions in segments 7 (S7) and 8 by most laparoscopic liver surgeons to avoid curved and angulated transection lines close to the right hepatic vein (RHV) and the inferior vena cava (IVC) [2]. However, in the last few years, the number of minimally invasive complex liver resections has increased, and even segmentectomies of the posterosuperior (PS) segments have been successfully performed [2–4]. Thus, laparoscopic segmental and subsegmental resection of S7 are an important step toward the fulfillment, even in minimally invasive surgery, of the principles of parenchyma preservation that represent the actual trend in the treatment of both colorectal liver metastases and hepatocellular carcinoma [5].

Robot-assisted and computer-assisted surgery are terms for technological devices using robotic systems to aid in surgical procedures. The surgeon, instead of directly using the surgical instruments, uses a computer-controlled telemanipulator that allows reproduction of finger and wrist movements during surgery, which is performed by articulated instruments at the tips of the robotic arms [1]. The term robot was used for the first time by the Czech playwright Karel Capek in 1921 in his play “Rossum’ Universal Robots” (robota is a Czech word meaning forced labor) [2]. In 1985, the PUMA 560 robot was used to place a needle for a brain biopsy under computed tomography (CT) guidance [3]. In 1988, the PROBOT device, developed at the Imperial College of London, was used for prostate surgery. In 1993, the company Computer Motion developed the AESOP (a voice-controlled camera holder) and ZEUS systems [4]. The first robotic reconnection of fallopian tubes was performed in 1997 using this device. In 1999, the first robotically assisted heart bypass and the first beating-heart coronary bypass graft were performed using the same robotic system [5]. In September 2001, Marescaux et al. performed the first transatlantic surgical intervention, the Lindbergh Operation. Surgeons where in New York, USA, and the patient affected by gallbladder stones was in Strasburg, France [6].

The liver is one of the most frequently injured abdominal organs in trauma (about 35–45% of blunt abdominal trauma, 40% of stab wounds, and 30% of gunshot wounds); about 80% occur in men between 20 and 40 years of age [1]. Liver trauma is classified according to the Liver Injury Scale from the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST), which lists six grades with progressive severity depending above all on two parameters: depth of parenchyma laceration, and the area of hematoma with or without vascular involvement. The diagnostic and therapeutic approach to abdominal and liver trauma has evolved in recent decades, leading to a reduction in deaths [1, 2].

Technologic innovation in health care is one of the most important causes of growth in health-care costs. In recent years, financial restrictions have led to careful evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of every new medical procedure

Laparoscopic resection of segment 8 (S8) is considered particularly demanding due to its vascular anatomy and location in the “dome” of the liver [1]. As for S7, a right hepatectomy remains the preferred technique of most laparoscopic liver surgeons for resecting lesions in S 8 in order to avoid complex transection lines close to the right (RHV) and middle (MHV) hepatic veins

There are situations and emergency conditions of women of reproductive age that a general surgeon might be faced with during his/her practice. While many gynecologists are able to treat appendicitis and perform appendectomies (it is worth remembering that the first laparoscopic appendectomy was performed by the German Gynaecologist Kurt Semm) [1], no experienced general surgeon in his or her career has escaped treating women for gynecologic diseases discovered during surgery performed for suspected appendicitis.