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2. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance

Author

Maffei, Erica, Martini, Chiara, Tedeschi, Carlo, Guaricci, Andrea I., Tarantini, Giuseppe, Casolo, Giancarlo, Cademartiri, Filippo, Cademartiri, Filippo, editor, Casolo, Giancarlo, editor, and Midiri, Massimo, editor

Published
2012
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8. PET Features

Author

Bagni, Bruno, Franceschetto, Antonella, Casolo, Alessandra, Cucca, Marina, Lavini, Corrado, editor, Moran, Cesar A., editor, Morandi, Uliano, editor, and Schoenhuber, Rudolf, editor

Published
2008
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10. Prevalence and characteristics of coronary artery disease in a population with suspected ischaemic heart disease using CT coronary angiography: correlations with cardiovascular risk factors and clinical presentation

Author

Cademartiri, F., Romano, M., Seitun, S., Maffei, E., Palumbo, A., Fusaro, M., Aldrovandi, A., Messalli, G., Tresoldi, S., Malagò, R., La Grutta, L., Runza, G., Brambilla, V., Tedeschi, C., Casolo, G., Midiri, M., and Mollet, N. R.

Published
2008
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12. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance

Author

Carlo Tedeschi, Chiara Martini, Erica Maffei, Giuseppe Tarantini, Giancarlo Casolo, Filippo Cademartiri, and Andrea Igoren Guaricci

Subjects
Coronary angiography, Myocardial tissue, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Medicine, Magnetic resonance imaging, Delayed enhancement, Cardiac magnetic resonance, business, Nuclear medicine, Reference standards
Abstract

Magnetic resonance (MR) has become a consolidated imaging modality in the field of cardiology. The technique is characterized by enormous operative versatility ranging from pure morphology to myocardial tissue spectroscopy. Cardiac MR is probably the most complete diagnostic technique available today and is the reference standard in the majority of clinical applications (except noninvasive coronary angiography).

Published
2012

13. Left and Right Ventricular Function, Contractility, Geometry, and Mass

Author

Giancarlo Casolo, Matteo Di Biase, Natale Daniele Brunetti, Roberta Romito, and Andrea Igoren Guaricci

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Adult female, Ventricular function, Thoracic cavity, business.industry, Human heart, Anatomy, Left ventricular hypertrophy, medicine.disease, Apex (geometry), Contractility, medicine.anatomical_structure, Great vessels, Internal medicine, medicine, Cardiology, business
Abstract

The human heart lies within the central area of the thoracic cavity, in the mediastinal space. Its weight and size varies depending on age, sex, height, and nutritional status and it corresponds approximately to 300 grams in the adult male and 250 grams in the adult female [1, 2]. The heart has an inverted cone-shape, with the apex lying inferiorly and the great vessels entering the base superiorly.

Published
2012

14. Chronic (Stable) Coronary Artery Disease

Author

Giancarlo Casolo

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Acute coronary syndrome, business.industry, Chronic angina, Fractional flow reserve, medicine.disease, Post myocardial infarction, Coronary artery disease, Internal medicine, Hospital admission, Cardiology, Medicine, cardiovascular diseases, business, Coronary atherosclerosis
Abstract

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) can be considered stable or chronic when obstructive atherosclerosis of the coronary vessels develops slowly and progressively without sudden and unexpected pathologic and clinical manifestations. This definition is somewhat arbitrary and includes all those clinical presentations of CAD that are not included in the chapter of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). It therefore describes a spectrum of conditions that do not require emergency hospital admission. These conditions, other than ACS, do not present any immediate danger for the patient and can be managed, at least initially, noninvasively and by clinical means. Chronic CAD conditions include, among others, post myocardial infarction patients, patients with chronic angina pectoris and patients who have been revascularized. A list of clinical conditions that may be part of this chapter is shown in Table 4.1.

Published
2012

15. Physiology and Pathophysiology of Coronary Circulation

Author

Giancarlo Casolo, Luigi Di Biase, and Andrea Igoren Guaricci

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Coronary Vein, business.industry, Coronary flow reserve, Venous blood, Coronary arteries, Cerebral circulation, Coronary circulation, medicine.anatomical_structure, Internal medicine, Circulatory system, cardiovascular system, medicine, Cardiology, business, Artery
Abstract

The heart supplies blood to itself through two coronary arteries that support the coronary circulation. Both arteries lie outside of the heart muscle running along the atrioventricular groove and branch off into a system of smaller vessels that supply the muscle cells. Because of the high oxygen requirements of the myocardium, capillary density is very high, (accounting for ∼15 percent of the total cardiac mass). After giving off its oxygen and nutrients in the capillaries, the venous blood flows through coronary veins draining directly into the right atrium. Other drainage is by means of thebesian veins, which drain directly into the right heart, and anterior cardiac veins that empty into the right atrium. Small intramural collateral vessels represent functionally important elements that connect the coronaries and can enlarge after coronary obstruction, providing near-normal flow at rest to the distal segment of the diseased artery. When the heart needs to work harder than during basal conditions, the coronary arteries dilate, thus varying the resistance to the blood flow and increasing the oxygen supply to the heart.

Published
2012

16. Screening and High CV Risk Patients

Author

Giancarlo Casolo

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Acute coronary syndrome, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Population, medicine.disease, Sudden death, Coronary artery disease, Heart failure, Internal medicine, Cardiology, medicine, Myocardial infarction, Complication, education, business, Cardiovascular mortality
Abstract

Sudden death, myocardial infarction and heart failure contribute significantly to cardiovascular mortality in the general population and are a common manifestation of coronary artery disease [1]. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and sudden death may represent the first manifestation of CAD in about 50% of patients. Furthermore, while the hospital mortality of patients with ACS has greatly improved in the past 20 years, out of hospital deaths are not declining. The main problem is therefore our poor ability to recognize those patients before the appearance of the manifestation of CAD. In fact, while it is relatively easy to identify and treat a patient with symptomatic CAD this is not true for the other individuals. It is therefore of paramount importance to identify those patients at risk of developing an acute manifestation of CAD prior to any clinical event. Although a significant coronary stenosis can often develop prior to ACS, it is clear now that about 50% of the acute events are caused by the complication of nonstenotic coronary segments [2, 3].

Published
2012

18. Future Developments in Cardiac CT

Author

Cademartiri, Filippo, Maffei, Erica, Martini, Chiara, Seitun, Sara, Tarantini, Giuseppe, Cademartiri, Filippo, editor, Casolo, Giancarlo, editor, and Midiri, Massimo, editor

Published
2012
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24. Thoracic Aortic Diseases

Author

Russo, Vincenzo, Buia, Francesco, Rinaldi, Giovanni, Mineo, Giangaspare, Fattori, Rossella, Cademartiri, Filippo, editor, Casolo, Giancarlo, editor, and Midiri, Massimo, editor

Published
2012
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25. Stress ECG

Author

Faggiano, Pompilio, Faden, Giacomo, Cas, Livio Dei, Cademartiri, Filippo, editor, Casolo, Giancarlo, editor, and Midiri, Massimo, editor

Published
2012
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27. Diagnostic and Prognostic Value

Author

Schuijf, Joanne D., van Werkhoven, Jacob M., J. Bax, Jeroen, van der E. Wall, Ernst, Cademartiri, Filippo, editor, Casolo, Giancarlo, editor, and Midiri, Massimo, editor

Published
2012
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28. Artifacts in Cardiac CT

Author

Malagò, Roberto, Pezzato, Andrea, Barbiani, Camilla, Alfonsi, Ugolino, Maffei, Erica, Cademartiri, Filippo, Mucelli, Roberto Pozzi, Cademartiri, Filippo, editor, Casolo, Giancarlo, editor, and Midiri, Massimo, editor

Published
2012
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29. Cardiac Veins and Pulmonary Veins

Author

Centonze, Maurizio, Casagranda, Giulia, Del Greco, Maurizio, Laudon, Andrea, Cristoforetti, Alessandro, Nollo, Giandomenico, Cademartiri, Filippo, editor, Casolo, Giancarlo, editor, and Midiri, Massimo, editor

Published
2012
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32. Reporting in Cardiac CT

Author

Maffei, Erica, Martini, Chiara, Hoffmann, Udo, Cademartiri, Filippo, Cademartiri, Filippo, editor, Casolo, Giancarlo, editor, and Midiri, Massimo, editor

Published
2012
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33. Collateral Findings on Cardiac CT

Author

Malagò, Roberto, Barbiani, Camilla, Pezzato, Andrea, Alfonsi, Ugolino, Maffei, Erica, Mucelli, Roberto Pozzi, Cademartiri, Filippo, Cademartiri, Filippo, editor, Casolo, Giancarlo, editor, and Midiri, Massimo, editor

Published
2012
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34. Coronary Artery Stents

Author

Pugliese, Francesca, Gruszczynska, Katarzyna, Baron, Ian, Davies, Ceri L., Petersen, Steffen E., Cademartiri, Filippo, editor, Casolo, Giancarlo, editor, and Midiri, Massimo, editor

Published
2012
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35. Coronary Artery Stenosis on Cardiac CT

Author

Seitun, Sara, Maffei, Erica, Martini, Chiara, Morelli, Margherita Castiglione, Cademartiri, Filippo, Cademartiri, Filippo, editor, Casolo, Giancarlo, editor, and Midiri, Massimo, editor

Published
2012
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36. Evaluation of Bypass Grafts

Author

Marano, Riccardo, Savino, Giancarlo, Liguori, Carlo, Bonomo, Lorenzo, Cademartiri, Filippo, editor, Casolo, Giancarlo, editor, and Midiri, Massimo, editor

Published
2012
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39. Calcium Score and Coronary Plaque

Author

Seitun, Sara, Maffei, Erica, Martini, Chiara, Morelli, Margherita Castiglione, Palumbo, Anselmo A., Cademartiri, Filippo, Cademartiri, Filippo, editor, Casolo, Giancarlo, editor, and Midiri, Massimo, editor

Published
2012
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41. Heart Anatomy

Author

La Grutta, Ludovico, Gentile, Giovanni, Runza, Giuseppe, Galia, Massimo, Cademartiri, Filippo, Midiri, Massimo, Cademartiri, Filippo, editor, Casolo, Giancarlo, editor, and Midiri, Massimo, editor

Published
2012
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44. Coronary Plaques

Author

L’Abbate, Antonio, Lombardi, Massimo, Pelosi, Gualtiero, Cademartiri, Filippo, editor, Casolo, Giancarlo, editor, and Midiri, Massimo, editor

Published
2012
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49. Nuclear Medicine - SPECT/PET

Author

Alberto Cuocolo, F. Cademartiri, G. Casolo, M. Midiri, and Cuocolo, Alberto

Subjects
Clinical Practice, Myocardial perfusion imaging, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Image quality, Positron emission tomography, medicine, CAD, Known Coronary Artery Disease, Nuclear medicine, business, Perfusion
Abstract

In current clinical practice the assessment of myocardial perfusion with radiotracers is an integral component of the evaluation of patients with suspected or known coronary artery disease (CAD) and it has been successfully performed for over 30 years. More than 10 million studies per year are executed worldwide with a rich literature confirming both high diagnostic and prognostic values of this approach. Its strengths include standardized protocols, ease of use, and well-established guidelines [1] and, over these years, considerable technologic advancement has been made to improve image quality and optimize acquisition protocols.

Published
2012

50. [Peripheral quantitative Computed Tomography (pQCT), broad ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and speed of ultrasound (SOS) in a normal population (426 females) aged 8 to 20 years].

Author

Bagni B, Corazzari T, Saccani-Jotti G, Casolo A, Franceschetto A, and Romagnoli R

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Child, Female, Humans, Reference Values, Ultrasonography, Bone Density, Bone and Bones diagnostic imaging, Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods
Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate, in a population of young healthy females aged from 8 to 20 years the bone mass peak (or density), the normal ranges versus age and menarche-age using two methods: pQCT (peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography) and ultrasound absorptiometry., Material and Methods: From 1998 to 2000 selective measurement of Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of trabecular bone at the ultradistal radius using pQCT, BUA (Broad Band Attenuation) and SOS (Speed of Sound) was carried out on 426 healthy females (aged from 8 to 20 years) in north Italy. BMD was measured using a single photon miniaturized tomographic scanner in the ultradistal radius, SOS and BUA were measured at the same time, using a water bath device obtaining parametric bidimensional images of BUA and SOS. The population studied refers to normal females free of bone metabolism alteration, in pre and post-pubertal status., Results: A normal range of BMD, BUA and SOS versus age and menarche age were established. A linear correlation was found between BUA and BMD measured with pQCT. SOS does not show any correlation with BMD. The pre-puberty and the post-puberty groups show statistically significative differences between SOS, BUA and BMD. We found the peak bone density (measured with pQCT) in the trabecular bone at the ultradistal radius at 15 years of age (mean menarche age of 10 years). The same position of the peak was found for BUA, for SOS the situation is not well defined. The analytical fitting of the data highlights a polynomial correlation of BMD vs. age, SOS vs. age, BUA vs. age., Conclusions: It appears that sexual growth influences the position of peak bone density. The results obtained show a statistically significant correlation between BUA and BMD and age, the menarche-age and the period of exposure of bone tissue to oestrogen. After all, pQCT and ultrasound are useful techniques to evaluate bone density and structure also in a growing population. The results of this study show that it is possible to use bidimensional quantitative ultrasound devices in clinical practice also in young populations taking in account age and sexual development.

Published
2001

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