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Objective: We evaluated the changes in treatment response over time after single 131 I-rituximab radioimmunotherapy (RIT) according to non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) types., Methods: Fifteen aggressive and 21 indolent lymphoma cases undergoing RIT were evaluated. All patients underwent 18 F-FDG-PET-CT before and 5 days, 1, and 3 months after RIT. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) and the sum of the products of the longest perpendicular diameters of tumours (SPD) were evaluated. Treatment responses were evaluated 1 and 3 months after RIT RESULTS: In aggressive lymphoma, SUV decreased at 5 days after RIT but increased after that. SPD decreased at 1 month but significantly increased at 3 months. Complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), and progressive disease (PD) at 1 month after RIT were changed to PD at 3 months after RIT. In indolent lymphoma, the SUV decreased continuously until 1 month after RIT. The SPD significantly decreased at 1 month and tended to further decrease to 3 months. CR, PR, SD, and PD at 1 month after RIT were achieved in 0, 8, 13, and 0 cases, respectively. Among the 13 SD cases, one changed to CR, three changed to PR, and nine had not changed at 3 months after RIT., Conclusions: The treatment response to single RIT differed depending on NHL type. These findings suggest a need to establish an optimal treatment regimen based on NHL aggressiveness.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate if increased serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels after radioactive iodine (RAI) showed more therapeutic effects in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC)., Methods: Data of 65 patients with DTC who underwent RAI from June 2014 to September 2016 were reviewed. Serum thyroglobulin was measured immediately before (Tg1) and 48 h (Tg2) after RAI under TSH stimulation. Differences and ratios between serum Tg measurements (DeltaTg = Tg2 - Tg1 and RatioTg = Tg2/Tg1) were calculated. The treatment response of distant metastasis was assessed using the RECIST criteria., Results: There was no difference in the median values of Tg1 and Tg2 (2.6 [range, 0.7-1957.5] ng/mL vs. 7.4 [range, 0.7-5276.0] ng/mL, p = 0.240) in all patients (73 scans, 65 patients). In subgroup analysis, Tg levels increased slightly in patients with distant metastasis (8 scans, 7 patients) (Tg1 vs. Tg2; 48.9 [range, 2.4-1957.5] ng/mL vs. 63.2 [range, 4.4-5276.0] ng/mL, p = 0.408). Among patients with distant metastasis, one patient with a partial response to treatment had a more than 4000fold increase in Tg levels and one patient with stable disease showed a 20fold increase in Tg levels. In contrast, five patients with disease progression showed only two to eightfold increase or more than 100fold decrease in Tg levels at 48 h after RAI. However, there was a significant increase in serum Tg levels in patients without distant metastasis (65 scans, 58 patients) after RAI (Tg1 vs. Tg2; 2.0 [range, 0.7-141.9] ng/mL vs. 6.8 [range, 0.7-577.7] ng/mL, p = 0.026)., Conclusions: A higher elevation of Tg levels after RAI may be associated with a better treatment outcome in DTC patients with distant metastasis. An increase in Tg levels after RAI may reflect the destruction of cancer and thyroid cells.