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Volatility basis-set (VBS) was implemented in the atmospheric chemistry and transport model SILAM for modelling organic aerosol (OA). We present the evaluation of the concentrations of OA and its precursors against observations available in the EBAS database. SILAM simulations with biogenic and anthropogenic emissions from different inventories and different assumptions about the chemical composition of the VOC emissions and OA volatility are analyzed. The contributions of different precursors to the total OA are evaluated.

The Swedish media policy system stems from the Nordic idea of the welfare state, where the state has an obligation to enlighten its citizens and ensure equal social- and cultural possibilities for all. Similar to its Nordic neighbours the Swedish news media industry is characterised by financially strong and relatively large public service institutions that enjoy high levels of public confidence and trust in society. At the same time there is a developed commercial media sector that is protected by the rules of press freedom. In fact, the Swedish press freedom act, installed in 1766, is the oldest of its kind in the world. Historically high newspaper readership figures are now declining in Sweden like the rest of the western world. At the same time the decline of traditional media usage has been shifted into early adoption of internet services, where Sweden (alongside its Nordic neighbours) today have some of the world’s highest levels market penetration of mobile broadband.

This study is focused on a wild-land fire episode in 2010, August 7–9, when the plume of severe wildfires in European part of Russia reached Estonia and southern Finland, thus giving a chance to evaluate the modelling results against a relatively dense network of air quality monitoring stations. The chemistry-transport model SILAM, driven by the ECMWF meteo fields, was run within the European domain of AQMEII2 model validaton exercise with a 0.2-degree grid resolution, applying the AQMEII2 chemical and aerosol boundary conditions. The modelling results were compared with measured three-hourly average concentrations of PM2.5 in Estonia and Finland. The observed peak values in most of stations reached 60–80 µg/m3 (narrow peaks in the easternmost stations: up to 106 µg/m3 in Estonia and 220 µg/m3 in Finland, whereas SILAM predicted up to 75 µg/m3). Remarkably enhanced particulate matter concentrations were found in all 7 continental (rural and urban) monitoring stations of Estonia, reproduced by the model within 10 % of the peak values in 5 stations. The general shape of the peak was reproduced by SILAM within 3–6 h of a time error. The model runs suggest that the wildfires were not solely responsible for enhanced concentrations: the continental aerosols constituted about a half of the total mass. The westernmost maritime station in Estonia was left almost untouched by the plume. Remarkable direct effect of the aerosols on boundary-layer meteorological conditions, PBL height, near-surface wind and temperature was found during this episode when the aerosol direct radiative effect was considered in numerical weather prediction model HARMONIE.

In this chapter we acknowledge the branding process as an interplay between brand owners, consumers, popular culture, and other stakeholders. This interdependence between management practices and the external environment is becoming increasingly evident, not the least in the field of media. In a world of social and participatory media, consumers are given more and more opportunities to interact with, and through, their favorite brands. On the one hand these interactions may be signs of deep and sincere appreciation, while at the same time making brands more and more difficult to control or direct from a managerial point of view. This has led brand managers and researchers to identify a need for new insights into the cultures of brands. The research on consumer culture that has evolved over the past decades has the power to provide guidance. This chapter offers an introduction to researching and theorizing how consumers engage in the social construction of media brands and points out a handful of promising research areas.

The purpose of this paper is to conceptualise how academics seek information relevant to their work or study in an academic library context. To accomplish our goals, we involved several stakeholders to better elicit their information seeking behavioural patterns. In this paper we perform a user test which allows us to establish customised information seeking models, which conceptualise the behavioural activity patterns of academic scholars from the information need stage until the termination of the search activity. We also propose suitable user requirements using personas as contextual settings, which might be helpful for informing the design and development of such systems.

The view of media products as brands, a genuine economic construct driven by commercial interests, has gained relevance in media economic research. It is demonstrated by a rising number of publications in this field. Therein the efforts to define the term media brand seem to be an ongoing debate in the literature between scholars in the areas of communication, marketing and public relations (McDowell, 2006). From an audience’s perspective we may understand a media brand as a construct carrying all the connotations of the audience in terms of the emotional, stylistic, cognitive, unconscious or conscious significations.

The FRAME (Fine Resolution Atmospheric Multi-pollutant Exchange) model is a Lagrangian atmospheric transport model with a horizontal grid resolution of 5 × 5 km2. This work uses FRAME to calculate annual average concentrations of three secondary inorganic aerosol species (NH4 +, NO3 −, SO4 2−) and gas phase SO2 over the United Kingdom for the years 2000–2010. Modelled concentrations are compared to measurements from 12 monitoring sites which are operated with the UK Eutrophying and Acidifying Air Pollutants (UKEAP) Acid Gases and Aerosols Network (AGANet). The results showed good spatial correlation between measurements of gas and aerosol concentrations and modelled values (R2 > 0.8). However FRAME underestimated decreases in sulphate and ammonium aerosol concentrations over the 11-year period and overestimated changes in SO2 concentrations relative to measurements. Ongoing work to investigate temporal changes in atmospheric oxidation rates should clarify this difference. FRAME showed a more modest reduction in nitrate concentrations (compared to ammonium and sulphate), which is in agreement with measurements.