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The purpose of the article is to analyse the relationship between transport performance indicators and GDP in Poland. The research takes into consideration the impact of changes in freight transport performance and traffic volume on GDP. Particular emphasis has been put on the analysis of correlation between GDP and road traffic volume. The main thesis of the article is that the data obtained from the measurement of road traffic in the micro scale can be used for predicting the GDP volume at the regional and national level.

Public transport is a basic instrument for sustainable mobility in urban areas. The core of public transport in cities is often electrified railway system, underground and trams. Trolleybuses are also widely used in many countries. Therefore, urban public transport is one of the most electrified transport subsystems. The process of implementing electric buses is currently seen in Poland, and its economic effectiveness depends, among other things, on the energy prices and energy mix of the country. Electric energy from non-renewable sources increases both own costs and external costs, which impacts the effectiveness of mobility. The chapter presents an overview of the directions of the European transport policy in the field of electromobility development. A particular emphasis has been put on presenting the problems of electromobility in Polish conditions, as well as systematizing the provision of strategic documents in the context of its implementation and development. The chapter also presents a TCO comparative analysis for the electric bus and combustion bus.

This chapter is dedicated to the problems of sustainable urban mobility. Sustainable urban mobility is the basic instrument for improving the quality of urban natural environment by reducing the emission of air pollutants, noise and consumption of non-renewable natural resources by transport. In this paper, the authors present their observations concerning the paradigm of sustainable development in the formation of urban mobility based on the research on mobility preferences and behaviours of representatives of the creative class carried out at the University of Economics in Katowice. First of all, the paper presents issues related to the essence of the paradigm of sustainable urban mobility, particularly in terms of its inclusiveness. The existing literature on the relationships between the development level of urbanised areas and mobility was also reviewed. Furthermore, the legal acts of the European Union concerning the mobility policy framework were inventoried and characterised. The purpose of the article is to identify and analyse the transport behaviours and postulates of representatives of the so-called creative class in Poland. The paper presents the results of surveys conducted in three Polish metropolitan areas, in the total group of 450 creative sector workers.

This article presents an influence of using an energy storage device in order to reduce the oscillation of voltage and power of the underground traction substation and to limit the peak value of power consumed from it. Using the accumulator has an indirect beneficial influence on the environment because of the efficient energy use. In the work a simulation research of the underground traction substation and a substation equipped with supercapacitors was conducted in the communications peak and beyond it. Simulation studies were performed in toolbox Simscape Electrical formerly called SimPowerSystems and SimElectronics from Simulink products family.

This chapter is dedicated to the problems of sustainable urban mobility. The first part presents general issues related to the concept of urban mobility planning. In this context, particular emphasis was put on the discussion of changes in the existing rules of planning the development of urban transport systems in favour of the new paradigm of sustainable mobility policy. Moreover, the literature concerning the instruments for sustaining urban mobility was reviewed. The purpose of the article is to refer theoretical considerations to the actual actions taken in order to sustain mobility in the Silesian Metropolis. The circumstances of the development of transport system in this area were discussed, with particular focus on the provisions of strategic documents, legal and organizational solutions, as well as development of low-carbon mobility system.

Regulated competition is one of the models for organising public transport market in Poland. This model assumes that operators are selected in a competition procedure, with the application of public procurement procedure. Tender procedure in the operator selection process is applied in the markets with high volume of operation work, i.e. in big cities and inter-municipal associations. Therefore, the public procurement system is an effectively used tool for the opening and liberalisation of public transport markets. The scope and efficiency of liberalisation of urban transport depend to a large extent on the transport organiser. It is the transport organiser that has the possibility of opening the market by applying tender procedures in the operator selection process. The application of tender procedures provides the possibility of influencing market concentration and, consequently, the intensity of competition between operators. The purpose of this article is to present the public transport operator selection process with the application of public procurement system in Poland. The article synthetically presents the results of tender proceedings carried out by the public transport organiser in the Silesian Metropolis area, which is the largest transport organiser that fully applies the competition rules in the operator selection process. The market behaviours of operators were identified, and the intensity of competition was determined on the basis of analyses of tender documentation.

Liberalization of public transport in Poland has continued for 25 years. This process is intended to launch the competition mechanism, which in consequence will result in a decrease in prices and increase in quality of services in the long run. One of the instruments of liberalization consists in opening the market for new entities by applying the public procurement procedure. The purpose of the article is to analyze concentration level of the selected municipal transport markets in Poland. The conducted research has covered the following issues: development of market structure, behaviors of transport operators, and intensity of competition. The article also contains results of public tenders for transport services. The analysis of intensity of competition was performed on the basis of results of tenders and measurement of concentration.

The purpose of this chapter is the analysis of behaviours of operators in the regulated competition market. The subject of study is the public transport market, which is organized by KZK GOP (Municipal Transport Union of the Upper Silesian Industrial District) in Katowice. This chapter contains analyses of: concentration of bus transportation market, results of tendering proceedings and action strategies of operators. This chapter in particular tackles the issue of the process of merging entities into consortia. The main conclusions of the performed analysis concern three issues. Firstly, municipal carriers have the dominant position in the market and usually do not compete with each other. Secondly, there is large pressure from private carriers. Thirdly, the phenomenon of coopetition occurs frequently; depending on the situation, carriers either compete or cooperate in the field of winning transportation orders. Cooperation manifests itself mainly in the process of establishing consortia, which allows the involved entities to meet the requirements specified in the terms of reference.

The aim of this chapter is to examine the relations between public transport service procurement and the level of concentration of rail freight transport market. This chapter analyses the demand reported by the public sector for the services of rail freight transport in Poland. Procurement notices were characterised with regard to type of load, reported demand for transport activity volume and applied tendering procedure. This chapter presents the share of demand reported in public tenders against the total market demand. Moreover, in order to identify the market concentration level, measurement was performed on the basis of discrete and accumulated measures.