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European pharmaceutical companies have a legal requirement to provide non-promotional Medical Information (MI) services to support healthcare professionals (HCPs) who are using their medicinal products. While the industry has self-regulating bodies with established Codes of Practice, these mainly focus on promotional messaging and commercial activities. In the absence of similar frameworks for MI, such services struggle to understand how to meet HCP digital expectations, often in fear of breaching the promotional codes. This is limiting access to the wealth of non-promotional patient-focussed information held within the industry. Meanwhile, a large volume of unregulated, low-quality information can be readily found on the internet. To understand the current status, the Medical Information Leaders in Europe (MILE) industry association performed a benchmarking survey which explored the online MI service provision of 13 mid-large pharmaceutical companies across Europe. This highlighted a great diversity in approach in terms of geographical coverage and content. Visibility and access for HCPs is complex, compromising online engagement and website utilisation. This MILE position paper highlights the critical need to establish a clear governance model, which empowers pharmaceutical company MI functions to provide unbranded, non-promotional, medicinal product information sources to support HCP online information needs. It is essential to build confidence, transparency and trust by establishing a practical quality framework with principles and standards for online MI services for HCPs.

This paper analyzes the significance of international conferences for higher education institutions’ (HEIs) promotion of sustainability by examining their published papers. This study not only allows the understanding of the state of the art but also, based on the identified gaps, sheds light and gives a north for future studies of Sustainable Development. The citations of works published from 2015 to 2019 were analyzed in a sample of 489 articles published in international periodicals included in the Web of Science database related to the subject of sustainable development in higher education. Classic text statistics, similarity analysis and word cloud are used to analyze the articles published on the World Sustainability Symposium, Bridge International Conference 2019 exploring its results and contributions to promote sustainability. The findings suggest that in addition to cooperation, participation and collaboration between institutions, international conferences sponsored or organized by HEIs have the potential to promulgate interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches to addressing global sustainability challenges. In the international conferences analyzed the diverse array of disciplines and research teams illustrate this point. International conferences may be used for communicating the scientific results to stakeholders and send strong messages on sustainability-related issues.

Creativity and invention? Many experiments by psychologists show that a disorderly work environment can be favorable.

Networking and team working are becoming the foundations of human performance in educational, organizational and recreational settings. Here, new communities of practice are being established to promote an engagement economy that will be able to foster innovation and success by sustaining collective well-being and group flourishing. Considered as “positive technologies”, Serious Games (SGs) can support these processes. By fostering continuous learning experiences blended with entertaining affordances, SGs have in fact been able to shape new opportunities for human psychological training and assessment. However, despite the impressive growth of SGs applications, only a few of them have been tested and scientifically considered from an empirical point of view. Our study tries to address this gap, evaluating the potential of digital game technology compared to paper-based applications not only among individuals, but also among groups. The study, conducted with Mind the Game, a multiplayer SG, involved 75 students. Preliminary results showed only minor but fundamental differences between the two experimental conditions. On the one hand, groups who experienced the paper-based condition felt more competent than groups exposed to the digital experience, reporting higher levels of negative feelings too. On the other hand, groups exposed to the digital condition described themselves as more challenged and efficient in a collective way.

Organizational uncertainty affects all administration processes and functions whereas perception of uncertainty affects not only organizational administration and functions, but may also adversely affect individual performance. Consequently, a review of the existing papers related to organizational uncertainty and developing suggestions on the issue will direct the course of solutions to be found for this situation. A secondary purpose of this review is researching the titles, types, contents, methods, findings and comments, conclusions, and suggestions of the scientific papers related to organizational uncertainty in education and school administration in the period from 1990 onward. The research was designed with a qualitative research model, and a document examination technique was used. The data were obtained using document analysis. Content analysis was used for interpreting the documents. The year 1990 is a critical milestone in the study since it was a period when social and political events were being experienced rapidly and intensely in both a national and an international context. Since it is of significance to discuss the studies conducted in this period and their outcomes, the year of 1990 was selected as the date of commencement.

In the course of the last thirty years, science enjoys a remarkable quantitative boom. For example, the total number of substances, registered in the Chemical Abstracts Service Registry File (CAS RF) at the end of the year 1985, was about 8 millions while at the end of the year 2015 it reached up to 104 millions. But, still more and more behind this quantitative boom of science are some of its qualitative aspects. So, e.g., the x–y–z coordinates of atoms in molecules are presently known for no more than 1 million of substances. For the majority of substances registered in CAS RF, we do not know much on their properties, how they react with other substances and to what purpose they could serve. Gmelin Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Beilstein Institute for Organic Chemistry, which systematically gathered and extensively published such information since the nineteenth century, were canceled in 1997 (Gmelin) and 1998 (Beilstein). The number of scientific papers annually published increases, but the value of information they bring falls. The growth of sophisticated ‘push-and-button’ apparatuses allows easier preparation of publications while facilitating ready-to-publish data. Articles can thus be compiled by mere combination of different measurements usually without idea what it all is about and to what end this may serve. Driving force for the production of ever growing number of scientific papers is the need of authors to be distinguished in order to be well considered in seeing financial support. The money and fame are distributed to scientists according to their publication and citation scores. While the number of publications is clearly a quantitative criterion, much hopes have been placed on the citation, which promised to serve well as an adequate measure of the genuine scientific value, i.e., of quality of the scientific work. That, and why these hopes were not accomplished, is discussed in detail in our contribution. Special case of Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry is discussed in more particulars.

Over the past decade or so, higher education has experience a variety of transformations that brought foreword in policy agenda and institutional governance renewed attention to academic excellence and diversification of mission of higher education institutions. Emergence and influence of university rankings, especially the global ones, has been one of the consequences of those paradigm-shifting developments. They respond to the need for evidence-based and accessible to various stakeholders information. The main purpose of this paper is to present and assess how excellence, diversification and university rankings have found its place in the context of the Bologna Process and the European Higher Education Area.

Ethics is an important part of scientific communication. Not only authors, but reviewers, editors and publishers, have to be aware of all the ethical rules and practices, discouraging any attempt of misconduct. One of the most usual misconducts in scientific publishing is plagiarism. It has negative consequences for authors, editors and scholarly journals causing loss of credibility, reputation, and, therefore loss of readers and finances. Information literacy in that context implies knowledge of information evaluation, proper ways of quotation and citation of resources. Avoiding plagiarism has its roots in higher education – students have to be educated about the proper ways of using other persons’ ideas. By using modern technologies, plagiarism is easier than ever – the “copy-paste” practice is easy to use. Students have to be thought that the practice is great threat to proper professional and scientific communication. Plagiarism detection software can diminish the threat, but it is not the only way of controlling producers of scientific information. Academic ethics can be assured by proper education, good codes of ethics and detailed instructions to authors of scientific works. Accurate author’s guidelines in scholarly journals could help all the participants of scientific communication to avoid misconducts. The paper will analyse the content of author’s guidelines in Croatian journals in the field of information science, with the accent on citation guidelines. The sample will include all the journals that cover the field, as listed in the Hrčak portal (portal of Croatian scientific journals). The analysis will try to find out whether the journals (i. e. their publishers and editors) mention and/or explain plagiarism, ethics, authorship, prior publication and reference systems in their instructions to authors. The paper will also analyse content of codes of ethics of Croatian universities, with the accent on the parts concerning plagiarism (universities of Zagreb, Osijek, Pula, Rijeka, Split, Zadar and Dubrovnik). We expect to conclude about the use of proper protection mechanisms of Croatian academic community when it comes to misconducts, especially plagiarism, in publishing results of scientific work. In conclusion, a list of the most important steps in avoiding plagiarism in scientific papers will be given.

This study aims at embedding sustainability practices by exploring sustainable actions of individuals consisting the educated workforce of Greece. A tailored questionnaire was created and sent via e-mails to 500 respondents, to identify a snapshot of participants daily buying and consuming actions. 483 responses received and analyzed using statistical tools. They respond to recommendations for enhancing sustainability consciousness at individual level, inspiring people to buy sustainable, creating new consumption attitudes that are key factors for moving towards a sustainable citizenship. The findings will further provide information for a second paper on developing the ‘Go Sustainable Living’ digital application to be uploaded in individuals’ mobile phones, for rewarding users with points that correspond to each sustainable action and can later be used for discounts in all participating stores. The analysis showed that

This article examines political empowerment related to voting. The profession of social work requires practitioners to consider the social political roots of problems and to work to remediate them through micro and macro interventions, informed by political empowerment. Political empowerment involves having the power, ability, critical awareness, and sense of group identity to take action in order to create change in a political system. Findings from a qualitative study are presented to explore how recipients of food assistance benefits, enrolled in community college make decisions about voting. Data collected provides rich and contextual insight into how the decision to vote or not vote corresponds with an academic understanding of political empowerment and suggests that choosing not to vote may represent a type of political empowerment. Social work interventions related to voting for this population could include reducing stigma around government assistance, voter engagement, and work with systems to recognize the political power of those who are often left out of the process.

Structural racism is rooted in American social systems that were supposedly designed to promote citizens’ right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Social systems like policing, for example, are built on a foundation of discriminatory practices designed to disenfranchise Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC). One of the most recent visible examples of racially biased policing is the excessive use of force by officers toward BIPOC. In response, advocates, policy makers, and researchers have sought solutions. Police use-of-force reforms such as body-worn cameras (BWCs) and implicit bias training (IBT) have become popular and are currently being applied in many police departments across the country. However, evidence supporting the effectiveness of these reform strategies to reduce the use of force is mixed, and further evaluations are needed to understand why these strategies are purported to be an effective solution. The purpose of the current review is to ignite future empirical evaluations of use-of-force reform. Following a summary of the research conducted to date on BWCs and IBT, we will conclude with a brief discussion of how behavior analysts might improve and foster strategies that are efficacious. Our ultimate goal is to leave the reader with an understanding of where the data have taken us thus far and how behavior analysts and others can contribute to the reduction and eradication of the discriminatory practices present in policing and other social systems.

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has rapidly led to some of the most revolutionary changes in private and professional life around the world. While the extent and duration of these changes are not certain, they have already had a great impact on travel patterns. This is also the case in Sweden, despite its relatively liberal approach to restrictions, which relies on voluntary measures such as social distancing and self-monitoring for symptoms. Methodology Due to the pandemic, a shift to telework and virtual meetings is being tested in what can be seen as a large-scale experiment, and the knowledge and experience from that experiment may have lasting effects on everyday life. This study seeks to analyse the effects of government and public agencies’ recommendations on meeting and travel behaviour on employees at five public agencies in Sweden. Results The results indicate that the public authorities surveyed were well prepared and had a ‘backup collaboration solution’, at least technically, to make a rapid behavioural shift when travel was not an option. Though the Swedish government’s and Public Health Authority’s strong recommendations have led to the most dramatic reductions in work-related travel in modern times, the operations in Swedish agencies continue to function, along with the employees’ communications and collaborations. These results indicate that there is great potential for digital tools to influence if and how we commute and make business trips. The COVID-19 pandemic has shown that such tools can make the impossible possible.

Over the last twenty years, the UN has been paying close attention to sport in the form of both competitive sport and simple physical activity, so as to be recognized as a fundamental human right. In addition, sport has been acknowledged as an effective and economic means for peace and human development in several key UN documents and declarations. The contents of these documents are therefore examined in the first part of this chapter in order to point out the social function of sport and, in particular, the contribution of sport in pursuit of the Sustainable Development Goals. To this end, some initiatives taken by the European Union in the field of sports are equally significant. The reference point for these dates back to the mid-seventies and, in particular, to the launch in 1975 of the “European Sport for All Charter”, a document whose principles inspired the subsequent initiatives promoted within the European Community. They are summarized in the following documents, discussed in the last part of the chapter: the “European Sport Charter” and the “Code of Sport Ethics”, the “Helsinki Report on sport” and the most recent “White Paper on sport”. These documents make it possible to outline not only the commitments that the European Community and national governments have undertaken in promoting the social function of sport, but also the specific features of CSR in the sports world, which is the subject analyzed in the Chap. 5.

In an effort to understand how the Erasmus programme is made accountable to policymakers and European taxpayers, and managed as a ‘product’ by civil society organisations, we look at the regulation of quality within non-formal education mobility projects. Discussion in this chapter includes looking at work undertaken by the European Platform for Learning Mobility (EPLM) in benchmarking mobility and key documents such as the Green Paper on Learning Mobility, policy recommendations and the creation of a Charter on Quality in Learning Mobility.

The research presented in this chapter looks at the use of digital data—data generated by social media and online interactions—in digital newsrooms. It combines research in critical data studies and discussions within labour process theory about technology with empirical findings from a case study of newspaper journalism. The research findings demonstrate how digital data have reorganised priorities for journalists as well as reorganising their work. It argues that technologies of measurement fit within a broader managerialist agenda of measurement linked to performance and that, even where not expressly linked to an employee performance agenda, they encourage comparison, which can lead to competition and work intensification.

So I’m going to talk about the key role intelligence agencies can play to restore our democratic institutions. So this talk has a very interesting history. I was invited to a conference, a workshop actually organized by philosophers called the Online Security & Civil Rights: a Fine Ethical Balance in 2012, October 26th to the 27th, here in the UK. It was a workshop on invitation only, and so this means the talk was pre Snowden. Unfortunately the philosophers did not like the talk, and so the talk wasn’t actually one of the invited ones for publication. And I would like to thank basically Bruce for encouraging me to submit the position paper here.

International audience; In recent years many researchers in Africa and beyond have devoted considerable resources investigating ways to harness the potential of ICT for improving users' livelihood in developing areas. Topics and domains of interest appear to be broad with recurring themes and solutions. Unfortunately there are no clear research roadmaps on what is urgent and of the state of the art solutions. In this position paper for the AFRICOMM series of conference, we propose to investigate some priorities for ICT4D in Africa. We believe that our work could motivate researchers and create a synergy around a few important challenges of ICT4D in Africa.

Although no one knows just how effective graduate training may be in creating effective practitioners of applied behavior analysis, there are plenty of logical and historical reasons to think that not all practitioners are equally competent. I detail some of those reasons and explain why practitioner effectiveness may be a more pressing worry now than in the past. Because ineffective practitioners harm the profession, rigorous mechanisms are needed for evaluating graduate training programs in terms of the field effectiveness of their practitioners. Accountability of this nature, while difficult to arrange, would make applied behavior analysis nearly unique among professions, would complement existing quality control processes, and would help to protect the positive reputation and vigorous consumer demand that the profession currently enjoys.

Dixon, Reed, Smith, Belisle, and Jackson (Behavior Analysis in Practice 8, 7–15, 2015) evaluated research productivity in BACB training programs. While research productivity may indeed be an important metric for future researchers, we posit that the field consists mainly of practitioners, and as such training should be focused on practice. We provide an alternative perspective on enhancing the quality of education for behavior analysts who will, by and large, go on to be practitioners.

In this short paper, we introduce ROUTE-TO-PA project, funded by European Union under the Horizon 2020 program, whose aim is to improve the transparency of Public Administration, by allowing citizens to make better use of Open Data, through collaboration and personalization.

This paper starts out by extending the scope of traditional human-computer interaction research towards human-environment interaction and in the context of smart cities to citizen-environment interaction. This is complemented by a critical evaluation of technology-driven approaches in the development and deployment of smart environments, especially for smart cities. It argues to reset the priorities by putting humans and citizens first and computer technologies with non-transparent AI-based mechanisms second in contrast to current developments resulting in increased automation in all kinds of applications. The evaluation of this ‘smart-everything paradigm’ implies to reflect and to redefine the basic assumptions. Based on the concept of ‘human-technology symbiosis’, the paper discusses several design trade-offs as, e.g., ‘human control and empowerment vs. automated and autonomous systems’ and ‘usable privacy vs. importunate smartness’. The resulting proposal for urban environments is to move beyond ‘smart-only’ cities and to establish the goal of humane, sociable, and cooperative hybrid cities, reconciling people and technology by providing a balance between human control and automation as well as privacy and smartness. This can be achieved by viewing the city and its citizens as mutual cooperation partners, where a city is ‘smart’ in the sense of being ‘self-aware’ and ‘cooperative’ towards its citizens by supporting them in their activities. The goal is to enable citizens to exploit their individual, creative, social, and economic potential and to live a self-determined life, thus meeting some of the challenges of the urban age by enabling people to experience and enjoy a satisfying life and work.

[EN] The Automated Negotiating Agents Competition (ANAC) is a yearly-organized international contest in which participants from all over the world develop intelligent negotiating agents for a variety of negotiation problems. To facilitate the research on agent-based negotiation, the organizers introduce new research challenges every year. ANAC 2019 posed five negotiation challenges: automated negotiation with partial preferences, repeated human-agent negotiation, negotiation in supply-chain management, negotiating in the strategic game of Diplomacy, and in the Werewolf game. This paper introduces the challenges and discusses the main findings and lessons learnt per league., This work is part of the Veni research programme with project number 639.021.751, which is financed by the The Dutch Research Council (NWO). This work was partially funded by project LOGISTAR, under the E.U. Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, Grant Agreement No. 769142. This research was also sponsored by the U.S. Army Research Office and was accomplished under Cooperative Agreement Number W911NF-20-2-0053., The Dutch Research Council; U.S. Army Research Office; E.U. Horizon2020

This paper describes the current state, the process, and the attitudes of cooperation between Kherson National Technical University (KNTU) and game industry (GI) companies in the frame of Erasmus+ project “University-Enterprises Cooperation in Game Industry in Ukraine” (GameHub). The work on the project in KNTU is reported in the paper. It covers monitoring of the competence profiles needed on the GI market, creating necessary infrastructure and developing the relevant curricula, study programs, education resources, and organization of the feedback loop with GI enterprises. One of the priorities is to equip students with soft competencies needed for GI such as creativity and academic integrity. The paper also presents the actual cooperation results, which could be helpful for Ukrainian higher education sector to respond to current and future education needs because mutually beneficial and sustainable university-enterprises cooperation can achieve a better match between competence profile of university graduates and those required by GI.

This paper briefly outlines three initiatives that the University of Toronto (U of T) Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering (FASE) has implemented as initial steps as the institution strives to be anti-racist and address Black inclusivity. These initiatives were based within K-12 outreach, race-based data collection and creating opportunities for faculty-wide race-centric dialogue and learning. U of T FASE was compelled to develop and/or enhance such initiatives after an anti-Black racist incident between students was mishandled and criticized by Black student groups. Using critical race theory (CRT) and personal reflection, this paper highlighted several barriers to the implementation and/or success of these initiatives such as time, financial security, perception of institutional policy and/or provincial law, engineering culture and whiteness and/or colour evasiveness. While definitive solutions to these barriers may not be clear, having a designated champion for specific initiatives, addressing discomfort in differentiating race, consistent advocacy to senior administration and the self-empowerment to resource time and effort to such work were identified as key elements to drive initiatives within the context of U of T FASE.

COVID-19 has changed the world overnight and the question arises as to how much the course of the construction industry has changed since this industry largely depends on the dynamics of work, teamwork, but also the daily meetings of different teams. The objectives of this study are to learn about the impact of the pandemic on the construction industry in Bosnia and Herzegovina, but also to compare Bosnian-Herzegovinian trends with growing or declining trends in the construction industry and the workforce in Europe and other regions. Qualitative research methods have been employed to study this topic, meaning that after identifying the scope, problems, objectives of the study, and research goals, in-depth interviews have been conducted with leading experts from the construction industry in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Furthermore, experiences and statistics from other target countries are reviewed in this paper. The aforementioned interviews provided information on experts’ experiences in the time of the pandemic as well as their analysis of the impact of COVID-19 on the construction industry in Bosnia of Hercegovina. The findings of this research will provide an objective picture of trends in the construction industry in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the caused by COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, the paper includes expert recommendations on how to deal with such issues as pandemics in the future and how to become more resilient.

The COVID pandemic challenged the importance of Work engagement (WE) or employee engagement (EE) for creativity and innovation. At a time when work is relegated to the home office, this paper seeks to answer the question: How can creativity be boosted by WE? It therefore explores the WE literature, presents a conceptual framework, clarifies key concepts, develops propositions, and discusses management and leadership challenges. It programmatically highlights responsibilities and the way in which leaders can help their organizations grow and succeed by creating an attractive work environment where employees are engaged at work, able to identify and solve complex problem with creative approaches, and able to flourish as individuals. In order to validate these propositions empirically, quantitative and qualitative surveys of business organizations have been conducted. In the meantime, the conceptual framework is presented which ties creativity to engagement. Accordingly, the novelty of this paper is in viewing creativity as an evolutionary, emerging cognitive, emotional, and behavioral process that fosters engagement.

The COVID-19 pandemic forced many higher education institutions (HEIs) across the world to cancel face-to-face teaching, close campus facilities, and displace staff and students to work and learn from home. Given the persistent nature of the pandemic, many HEIs have continued to deliver courses online and/or use a blended learning approach. However, there are concerns around differences in student access to digital learning resources while at home, including high quality broadband connectivity. This is important, since variation in connectivity may impact the type of online/blended model that faculty can deliver or constrain student engagement with online content. In this context, this paper combines national data on the domiciles of students enrolled in Irish HEIs with detailed spatial data on broadband coverage to estimate the number of higher education students ‘at risk’ of poor access to high quality internet connectivity. Overall it finds that one-in-six students come from areas with poor broadband coverage, with large disparities by geography and by HEI. It also finds that students from the poorest broadband coverage areas are more likely to be socioeconomically disadvantaged. As a result, this paper recommends that HEIs use their detailed registration data to help identify and support at-risk students. In particular, the results suggest that some HEIs may need to prioritise access to campus facilities and services to less well-off students living in poor broadband coverage areas. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41239-021-00262-1.

The value of rollers for the elderly and other groups who need walking assistance has been underestimated both in terms of practice and in knowledge production. This paper aims at scrutinising the roller as an age-based and gendered innovation. Using the theoretical notion of scripts, it demonstrates how rollers and their users are intertwined in everyday practices and how these relationships intersect with notions of age and social welfare provision. Based on contrasting images of rollers and their users, as well as semi-structured interviews, this paper examines the puzzle of how the take-up of new (technological) devices comes about. It argues that the roller can be seen as a simple, disruptive innovation emerging from the bottom up with contradictory scripts of gender and age. The paper concludes with a perspectivation of how the rollers could be made both smarter and digital!

This paper takes the conference themes of Diversity, Divergence, Dialogue and applies them to an analysis of the published topic headings and keywords from previous iConferences to determine the extent to which diversity is an important aspect within the iSchools community. It follows previous research from 2016 where Bogers and Greifeneder conducted a quantitative analysis of the metrics for submission and acceptance of papers for the 2014 iConference in Berlin. Their interest was in the potential for bias resulting from a lack of diversity in the established review process. We look at topic headings, language and country of presenters as a sub-set of diversity and how we might move away from the Anglophone dominance towards more demographic diversity and in doing so widen the channels for scholarly communication and dialogue. The move to a virtual conference removes any geolocational difficulties and competition for limited travel budgets. The 2021 Chinese track accepts submissions in Chinese, removing the difficulties of the English-language requirement for scholars of the host nation. Language, publication and travel are determining factors for encouraging and facilitating diversity; these should be reinforced within the iSchools movement to develop a sense of community with members as stakeholders so that they feel that they are part of a diverse but inclusive community. This Short Paper is the first stage in a wider study looking at the changes that the innovations for the 2021 iConference have on diversity, divergence, and dialogue for papers and published proceedings.

The aim of this paper is to examine emergency employees’ perception of the possibilities and challenges of the implementation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in their daily processes. Therefore, interviews with eight emergency services employees from differing organizational and positional backgrounds were conducted over the course of two separate research projects. These semi-structured personal and group interviews were subsequently transcribed, and analysed using Grounded Theory. The authors come to the conclusion, that changing perspectives on technology in emergency processes could help enable better cooperation between emergency employees and technology. The raising of employee awareness, and the provision of sufficient training, is vital to both further the understanding of technology as non-human actor and to focus on their interconnectedness. This enhanced interaction between human emergency employees and non-human technological systems could lead to the improved exploitation of socio-technical opportunities to increase the overall security of our society. This research paper seeks to draw out lessons for ICT-implementation within emergency services by examining the opinions and perspectives of employees from different emergency organizations. In so far, the findings and recommendations of the article will support efforts made by emergency organizations to integrate Information and Communication Technologies into their existing processes.

Based on the cognition of stakeholders, this paper reveals the decision-making process of civil servants resisting open data based on perceived risks. Adopting grounded theory, this study interviewed 22 stakeholders to collect data and then identified four factors as the pillars of the theoretical framework: perception of risks, conservative organizational culture, insufficient external pressure and poor operability. After that, this paper constructed a model for the decision path, which explains the formation of perceived risks of civil servants, and it also explains how the perceived risks are transformed into resistance motivation and make a behavior decision. Based on the level of certainty, the decision environment can be divided into the resistance decision path under the determined environment and that under the uncertain environment. This study also summarizes that accountability and loss of interest are two types of risk that can be considered when civil servants decide not to open data.

This paper presents findings of a research project undertaken to assess four national health information systems in Ireland and their compliance with nationally agreed health information standards. The review was undertaken in the Health Research Board (HRB) which is a State-funded agency with responsibility for the collection, analysis and reporting of national health data. The aim of the review was to identify the extent to which the HRB was compliant with the national standards for health information agreed by Ireland’s health information regulatory body, the Health Information and Quality Authority (HIQA). The methods used focused on the application of a self-assessment tool (SAT) to the HRB’s health information systems. This involved documentary analysis of written materials about the systems from both primary and secondary data sources. The findings show high levels of compliance with the standards identified but that some areas need to be addressed to ensure that all aspects of the standards are met. The research shows the value of having nationally agreed standards for health information that can be applied to a diverse range of health data sources and systems.

The integrity of the regional head elections process in Indonesia has become a concern for the government and the Indonesian people. Thus, to realize regional head elections with integrity, the implementation must be free from various types of violations such as election malpractice. One of the election violations that often appear in every regional head election is the practice of money politics. This paper intends to explain the election supervisory body in preventing money politics in regional head election contestation. This research’s data sources included: website, Twitter, and previous research related to money politics. The data were obtained using the Ncapture feature in the Nvivo 12 plus where the Ncapture feature is a web browser extension developed to capture web content in the form of the website content, social media, and other document content such as scientific articles and a collection of opinions from observers about money politics in Indonesia. This paper reveals that social media is a new transformation for election supervisory bodies to disseminate and prevent money politics. The authors also need to emphasize that this time is money politics itself because democracy/general election parties in any part of the world require money/capital both by the organizers and election participants themselves, so a common understanding is needed. What and how money politics can be categorized as an action. Election violations and even fall into the category of election crimes. This paper is reviewed based on an analysis of scientific articles and each election organizer’s official Twitter accounts.

This paper investigates mediated negotiations in ‘smart city’ experimentalism. As often claimed, data can open pathways for innovative planning processes. However, the idea of planning underpinned by the interplay between citizens and data too often remains unquestioned. How might we move the idea of planning from data to provide (technical solutions) to data to transform (urban societal realities)? How can data empower citizens as true drivers of a transformative urban change? This paper argues for a planning perspective to enhance a new sense of citizenship in a future technology-driven urban democracy. The framework combines planning theory with theories of societal change under a critical pragmatism. The empirical research derives from Mobility Urban Values (MUV2020), a Horizon 2020 innovation and research project (2017–2020), with the ambition to change mobility endeavors toward a more participatory and sustainable urban policy. The paper synthesizes analysis of the ‘practice stories’ of professionals dealing with and facilitating the interplay between data and citizens in six European cities. It then discusses MUV’s deliberative planning process in which citizens generate data (co-creation of values), interpret data (co-design of facts) and perform utterances to call for new urban policy (co-production of actions). The conclusions draw a possible pathway to enhance smart urban planning as a perspective to empower citizens with data for a progressive democracy in the era of digitalization. Change-oriented practitioners can potentially facilitate smart urban planning through: 1) technological devices that engage individual citizens (choices) with data practices in everyday life; 2) frames for the interpretation of data with citizens’ and communities (practice) and 3) public conversations between citizens with other publics (system) for new street-level practices of urban democracy.

The recent pandemic of COVID-19 has brought forth the notion of Immunity Passports and has sparked up a heated debate about the socioeconomic necessity behind their use versus the moral, ethical and social implications that may arise from a possible widespread implementation thereof. Despite this animated controversy, this paper aims at pinpointing the future perspectives on the scientific and economical level as well as the entrepreneurial opportunities that the adoption of Immunity Passports may create. After a clear definition of the term, a short description of the current state-of-the-art in terms of their development and a clear separation of the facts from fictitious assumptions about their potential medical outcomes, the paper concentrates on providing a general outlook on the opportunities that may arise from the creation of such biodiagnostic tools along with analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats (SWOT). Special emphasis is also given on two critical economic sectors that may serve as exemplifications par excellence on the entrepreneurial opportunities and the innovative disruption that Immunity Passports may bring about. Implications are discussed.

The desire to improve and modernize education through educational technology is met with a daunting wall, as educational technologies oftentimes reflect and exacerbate social inequities. This work explores the growth in United States’ educational inequity stemming from the interdependent relationships between education, the digital divide, and social inequities. Diving into three case studies, this paper addresses the privatization consequences that result from the disproportionate funding barriers that schools in marginalized communities face in purchasing Smart Boards, as well as the dangerous impacts of SMART Technologies’ techno-solutionist marketing in worsening educational inequities. In comparison, massive open online courses (MOOCs), which are designed with the goal of improving education equity, appear to circumvent the funding barriers that Smart Boards provide, but fail to address the more tailored educational needs of marginalized communities – ultimately landing at the same fate as that of Smart Boards in worsening educational inequities. Lastly, this paper investigates reading software related to improving education for students with reading issues and blind students. Massively popular and effective in helping these students be more engaged and independent in reading, reading software is overall successful in creating a positive push toward educational equity. However, individual reading software can easily fall to the same failures of Smart Boards and MOOCs in contributing to educational inequity.

Although the emergence of integrated and collaborative approaches to media accessibility and audiovisual translation, such as accessible filmmaking, often require creative approaches, professionals trained in this area are hard to come by. The aim of this paper is, firstly, to explore why media accessibility does not seem to have pursued this creative route consistently until now. The focus is placed here on the currently prevailing experimental turn, which favours quantitative approaches and has been used to inform current media accessibility guidelines. Secondly, the paper defines creative media accessibility and seeks to identify and analyse the work of an emerging movement of artists, with especial attention to Liza Sylvestre, who uses media accessibility as a source of creativity. Her work constitutes a valuable contribution to research and training in media accessibility, placing the focus back on the individual as a necessary complement to the currently prevailing emphasis on quantitative studies in this field.

Attention to social commerce has been growing in research and practice in recent years. Many industry articles and academic papers have been dedicated to defining the concept, outlining its components, and highlighting its potential, producing varying and often conflicting findings. This literature review paper contributes to this conversation by introducing a framework of three core themes of social commerce (i.e., social, commercial, and technological). The framework is utilized to offer a tentative definition of social commerce and shed light on what distinguishes it from two closely related concepts: social media and e-commerce. The paper concludes with highlighting persisting gaps in the conceptualization of social commerce and offers recommendations for future research to further our understanding of the concept.

Social responsibility is an ethical ideology or theory that an entity, be it an organization or individual has an obligation to act to benefit society at large (ARCASIA 2012). Building a better world is a global imperative to achieve the vision and aspirations of the United Nations Charter, to be “architects of a better world” through effecting positive social change, cultural preservation and issues of inequalities related to access to basic needs, women’s empowerment and children’s education. Social responsibility in architecture is about designing spaces and environments that are accountable and accessible to the interests of stakeholders; engender trust, respect and ownership in accordance to the Rule of Law and Respect for Human Rights. In designing socially responsible architecture and built environment, it is argued that these concerns can only be successfully addressed through platforms of global intercultural education, with collaboration and partnership as well as stewardship of the local government including community resources. This paper explored Intercultural Dialogue through Design (iDiDe), an immersive learning, community stakeholder engagement and consultation methods in the design of an Anganwadi building in Ajjarkad, Karnataka, India as the case study. iDiDe, as architecture and built environment education platform, explores student learning experiences and measures qualitatively the value of the design outcomes that benefit the community. This paper reflects upon the lessons learnt from the experience of the power of partnerships and social engagement through the sense of responsibility the students had gained in learning how their little project meant a great deal to the community.

This paper seeks to compare the management and performance of higher educational institutions in Russia and the England, judging from the satisfactory levels of the students they teach. With the use of a survey carried out in both countries, via a representative sample of 2000 students, 1000 in each country, this paper found that on a general level, most UK respondents had a much more positive view of their educational institutions, except when it came to “affordability”, while the Russian respondents had a much more positive position in this area. The paper offers an original approach to making a contribution to the growing debate about the quality and effectiveness of higher education in the Russian Federation.

The main triggering argument for this paper is that although much has been aired on the practice of diplomacy in addressing the response conventional diplomacy to the Digital Diplomacy (DD) apparatus but little has been known regarding the impact of DD apparatus on the conduct of diplomacy in Tanzania, especially the extent to which DD apparatus can help achieve foreign policy objectives. In responding to this puzzle, the paper specifically, examines the status of diplomacy conduct in the study area, and assesses the impact of digital diplomacy apparatus on the conduct of diplomacy. A cross-sectional research design is adopted coupled with purposive sampling technique to obtain data. Quantitative data were descriptively analyzed by using SPSS version 24, while the qualitative data were analyzed through thematic analysis. Under the status of diplomacy in Tanzania, the findings reveal that both offline and digital diplomacy apparatus are used in conducting diplomacy and in accessing diplomatic services. For the impact of DD apparatus it has been concluded that DD has enhanced the ability to shape and frame diplomatic agenda and empower states diplomatic agents and missions. It is recommended that the United Republic of Tanzania has to conduct capacity building training on DD apparatus, installation, and maintenance of wireless technology infrastructure, and give preference to hybrid conduct of diplomacy.

The COVID-19 disease emerged in late 2019 in China, is still rapidly spreading across the globe. Greece as many other countries enforced strict preventative policies. As a result, the daily life of people has changed and conversation turned online. The paper aims at investigating discussions around COVID-19 on Twitter in Greece. Twitter was selected as it played a significant role during the global health crisis. The presence of the keywords “Κορονοιος”, “κορονοιός”, “κορωνοιος”, “Κορωνοϊός”, “Κορωνοιος” in tweets over four periods of time were recorded. NodeXL Pro was used to identify word pairs, create semantic networks and analyze them. Main topics of conversation were extracted. ‘New cases’ are heavily discussed all of the times showing anxiety about community transmission of the virus. A shift on different views was also recorded. Before the lockdown people showed their concerns about stocking up foods and other essentials, followed by positive hashtags in the fight to save lives and encouraging each other and finally the debate over the deaths. The paper may help policy makers regarding societal issues during the pandemic.

In the beginning of 2013 I was a young psychology and economics student searching for a purpose in my research. I understood research as a way to create knowledge to find information to increase the chance for right decisions. So far so good, but the main question that was puzzling me was what “right decisions” are. After some discussions with my classmates, friends and family I realized, that decisions that lead to more happiness, well-being and quality of life might be the closest thing to “right decisions”. Therefore, I started to read about happiness research, which I have enjoyed ever since. After some reading time I realized that I found a lot of papers which described happiness differences from person to person but did not find a whole lot of papers that focused on happiness differences from moment to moment. Soon I started to realize that this is what I was mainly interested in: To understand which interventions have which effect on citizens’, employees’ or clients’ happiness. The main challenge I encountered was how to capture people’s happiness at different moments with methods such as the Experience Sampling Method or the Day Reconstruction Method without high efforts for the participants and the researchers and thus without high funding requirements. In order to solve this issue I teamed up with my best friend, the computer scientist Stephan Erdtmann, to develop the app “Happiness Analyzer”.

In recent years, researchers, urban planners and local authorities have more actively made tremendous efforts to improve the quality of open spaces. Policy strategies for inclusive and barrier-free environments have been promulgated, however, most of the inclusive open space policies and standards are catered for the newly built constructions. The inclusive design for renovated open spaces are seldom discussed. Using open spaces in Hong Kong and Guangzhou as case studies, this paper identifies barriers to and opportunities for the creation of inclusive open spaces in dense older districts. The paper proposes a framework with six key elements, namely accessibility, reliability, responsibility, flexibility, legibility and resonance, based on analysis of six categories of design and services. The results show that public participation is required during the different stages of planning, decision-making and evaluation. Finally, the paper provides some suggestions for researchers, urban planners as well as policymakers to consider how to improve the quality of open spaces in densely older districts.

Purpose: The paper is concerned with the interpretation of problems in higher legal education, as well as organization of educational process and management process, arising from the unprecedented, mass switch to the distance education form in higher education institutions of the country. Design/methodology/approach: The authors analyze several gaps and shortcomings related to the growing digitalization, examine the problems arising from crisis phenomena, pandemic, and the prospects for further improvement of legal education. The aspects of the relationship between the student, higher education institution, educational management authorities and public authorities are discussed separately. Findings: The paper substantiates the algorithm to determine the basic tasks and importance of mentoring and educating prospective lawyers, taking into account current problem situations and future perspectives; a fresh approach to the role of a student of a higher education institution—prospective specialist and his or her responsibility for the process of education—is put forward. The authors of the paper express their opinion on the problem of improvement and scientific substantiation of the list of educational subjects and their structure in order to determine their place in a particular curriculum. Originality/value: The authors substantiate the idea of the need to introduce curricular and extra-curricular activities in a number of training programs, of the development of forms and technologies of various creative and written works of students which will be tied to their specialization or training program. They put forward the idea according to which all changes must be aimed at improving the efficiency of professional competence of a student to enable him or her practice law even 5 and 10 years after completion of the course in a higher education institution, having become a professional lawyer in any field of activity.

During the time, the history was full of countless cruel facts committed against the disabled people, starting from their physical elimination during antiquity up to their abandonment in the streets, forced to live on the passers-by mercy or to be imprisoned or closed down in social institutions, thus, they should live very far from society’s eyes. The end of the twentieth century brings a radical improvement of the way we perceive people with special educational needs, by recognizing the human value and dignity, insisting on their unalienable right to education next to the other members of society. In this context, the schools with inclusive orientation represent the most efficient ways to combat discrimination and the creation of a community attentive to the needs of all its members. The inclusive schools offer the students with special educational needs opportunities to participate in and receive support in all aspects of school life next to their colleagues. The integration of the children with special educational needs in the public schools constitutes a relatively recent practice, specific for the last three decades. In the present paper, we identify and analyse the perception of the didactic staff in Romania referring to the opportunity of the Romanian school to be an inclusive school, a school for all, highlighting the way the Romanian school is perceived as being or not an inclusive school. Therewith the paper also identifies the opinion of the didactic staff from Romania regarding the characteristics of an inclusive school, the degree of promoting the inclusive school in the community by the Romanian educational system, as well as the involvement degree of the family in the school situation improvement of the students with difficulties in learning.

The social competences of the members of a community are learned in practical work. However, for people to perform their duties efficiently, personal and social competencies that are required in job roles need to be developed when working in new situations, with diversified teams, and with different cultures. In this paper, we present the results of a self-evaluation of 126 Finnish technical university students. The evaluation was performed using the Cycloid application. The focus of the paper is to identify the students’ views of the most important personal and social competencies among the 30 that have been identified in the project manager role. The analyses show that students who are at the beginning of their university studies need to develop especially their social competencies, such as leveraging diversity, understanding others, communication, and management as they grow in expertise. Social competences strengthen the lifelong learning of the individual’s personal and social competencies.

Nowadays the process of branding has extended and it can be applied to cities and universities. In this regard, a university, along with other cultural institutions, such as museums, can contribute to building the city brand. The purpose of this paper is to promote Transilvania University of Brasov in correlation with the History Museum, integrating into the city brand this institutions, that will become in this regard, brand ambassadors of Brasov. In this way, considering theoretical aspects about cultural, city and university branding, firstly the paper presents an analysis of the current way of communication between Transilvania University of Brasov and the History Museum. Further, taking into consideration the results we propose a model of an integrated promotion campaign in which we emphasize and provide examples of tactics and strategies that the university and the museum should use, in order to send a unitary message about the city, and become brand ambassadors of the city.

For public purposes and political contact, political insiders, regional leaders, and state officials are increasingly utilizing Twitter. To the full extent that it is a lobbying method for issues that have not become a public concern, Twitter can relay messages. This paper intends to review the use of Twitter from the official Twitter accounts of the three governors with the most followers, namely; Anies Baswedan (DKI Jakarta), Ganjar Pranowo (Central Java), and Ridwan Kamil (West Java), in the six months, with indicators; empowering citizens, building public trust in public institutions, civic engagement, providing significant insights, and strengthening transparency, which researchers draw from previous research. This study used descriptive qualitative research methods to describe the comparison and connectivity between Twitter usage indicators by @aniesbaswedan, @ganjarpranowo, and @ridwankamil. Nvivo 12 plus software with crosstab query features, word frequency, cluster analysis, and project map was used to analyze tweet intensity, conversation topics, relations between indicators, and indicator relations with each Twitter account. This study's findings show that Twitter usage by @aniesbaswedan, @ganjarpranowo, and @ridwankamil is outstanding by always tweeting oriented towards the indicators in question and having a relationship between indicators on each Twitter account. This paper's contribution is to depict the use of Twitter as a means of communication and public interaction between the three governors' accounts and their communities. It is essential to conduct studies on the usage of Twitter with more subjects of the governor account using a mixed-method approach.

The issue of migrant integration in host communities is of major im- portance, because its effectiveness can influence employment opportunities, so- cial cohesion, and economic welfare, creating equal opportunities among citi- zens. One of the greatest challenges towards this goal is the limited knowledge of the language of the host community, which can create miscommunication and additional difficulties to migrants. Basic language training is important, but it is of little help when migrants are confronted with the language used in complex procedures that are required for their inclusion in the new country of residence. This paper, which is descriptive and explorative in nature, focuses on the targeted digital solutions offered by the EU-funded easyRights research project that can help migrants effectively communicate and receive guidance, in order to handle the demands of various inclusion-related procedures that may differ from one country to the other. One of the digital tools presented in the paper aims at facil- itating familiarization with the required domain-specific vocabulary, while the second one intends to offer pronunciation training, including training for the do- main-specific words, in order to equip migrants with the knowledge and skills they need to communicate effectively. The two digital tools, which could act syn- ergistically, employ advanced technology and are part of a technological path- way, whose aim is to assist migrants exercise their rights in the process of their integration in a new country. Implications are also discussed.