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An image analysis-based illumination effect estimation method is proposed. This technique is developed for the illumination device design and application of space station. To estimate the illumination effect, first, the visible light camera is utilized to capture the image of illumination region. Second, the illumination direction and its distribution are estimated by the image analysis methods. The Mojette transform is used to estimate the illumination direction; while the image quality metrics are employed to evaluate the illumination distribution. Third, to improve the computational effect further, both the subjective and objective image quality evaluation methods are employed. Many experimental results have shown the validity and the correctness of our proposed technique.