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Fraudulent papers from paper mills are a serious threat to the entire scientific community. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Archives of Pharmacology has become the target of a massive attack of fraudulent papers originating from paper mills. This editorial highlights 20 important features we observed with paper mills and explains how the journal is responding to this serious threat to restore the integrity of science. Hopefully, this editorial is also helpful for editors of other scientific journals.

To study the relationship between exposure to airborne particles in a pulp and paper mill and markers of inflammation and coagulation in blood. Personal sampling of inhalable dust was performed for 72 subjects working in a Swedish pulp and paper mill. Stationary measurements were used to study concentrations of total dust, respirable dust, PM10 and PM2.5, the particle surface area and the particle number concentrations. Markers of inflammation, interleukins (IL-1b, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10), C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), and fibrinogen and markers of coagulation factor VIII, von Willebrand, plasminogen activator inhibitor, and D-dimer were measured in plasma or serum. Sampling was performed on the last day of the work free period of 5 days, before and after the shift the first day of work and after the shifts the second and third day. In a mixed model analysis, the relationship between particulate exposures and inflammatory markers was determined. Sex, age, smoking, and BMI were included as covariates. The average 8-h time-weighted average (TWA) air concentration levels of inhalable dust were 0.30 mg/m(3), range 0.005-3.3 mg/m(3). The proxies for average 8-h TWAs of respirable dust were 0.045 mg/m(3). Significant and consistent positive relations were found between several exposure metrics (PM 10, total and inhalable dust) and CRP, SAA and fibrinogen taken post-shift, suggesting a dose-effect relationship. This study supports a relationship between occupational particle exposure and established inflammatory markers, which may indicate an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Funding Agencies|Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare [2006-0152]

Adopting new methodology in a design process requires changes in organization, business process, roles, knowledge, data transfer and tools. The influence of the new methodology has to be evaluated and the costs of changes calculated before the change is possible. In pulp and paper industry the non-growing market situation has tightened the competition that much that cutting the design costs by integrating design activities is not going to be enough. The design itself has to be improved. In this paper, an optimization method is integrated to an existing design process of pulp and paper facilities. The model of a new design process is then assessed through a case study and an interview study to ensure that the design process can be realized in the conceptual design phase of a real delivery project.

Paper and pulp industries can broadly be divided into three categories—(1) handmade paper industries, (2) mill-made paper industries and (3) cardboard industries. All of these industries utilise water in different stages of making paper which is later discharged to nearby water bodies due to which these are considered as a major cause of water pollution. These effluents possess very high BOD, COD and toxic substances. As paper can be recycled a limited number of times, pulp fibres accumulate in the nearby area in the form of sludge which not only pollutes the soil or land but also produces enormous odour. Mycoremediation technology is a great boon which will be helpful in improving the existing situation and to minimise environmental and health problems associated with paper industrial wastes and pollutants. Therefore, in this chapter, we have discussed about the types of wastes and pollutants generated by handmade paper, mill-made paper and cardboard industries. Besides this, we have discussed about the fungi, their enzymes and role of both in mycoremediation of these wastes. In this chapter, we have also explained the suitable types of bioreactor, availability of culture, inoculation techniques and factors affecting the process. This information provides a platform for the workers who are working in field of mycoremediation of paper and pulp industrial wastes.

Over several decades, a large body of research has been established that focuses on Pen-and-Paper Computing. This chapter reviews previous work of the field – both from a technological and interface perspective – and discusses future directions of research and development.

Paper for recycling is the most important fibre raw material of the German paper industry. 16.3 Mio t of paper for recycling was utilised in 2010 corresponding to 72% of the total fibre raw material input for paper and board production. In comparison to the used virgin fibre-based chemical and mechanical pulp, the utilised amount of paper for recycling is about 2.6 times higher.

There is an on-going movement in manufacturing industry towards Product-Service Systems (PSS), which manifests the importance of making experience based knowledge organizationally available. In this paper a study of how white books is used and discussing any delimitations in transferring experiences is in focus. The paper builds on an empirical study in a manufacturing company, which has long ago implemented the white book approach and also has the vision of PSS development. It has been found that the format of a white book and the guidelines for authoring them could be a barrier for expressing individually gained experiences. Subsequently, does not support a knowledge transfer between projects having different aims, perspectives and knowledge domains.

The history of effects-directed investigations of pulp and paper mill effluents has been driven primarily by the environmental effects associated with mill discharges. The first effect to confront the industry was acute toxicity to aquatic biota. Through a series of effects-directed studies in the 1970s and 1980s the causative agents were elucidated, subsequent regulations enacted, and effluent treatment technologies implemented to reduce the loadings of resin acids, chlorophenolics and other toxic compounds in mill discharges. Effects-directed investigations in the pulp and paper sector have since focused on other endpoints, primarily mutagenicity and endocrine disruption. Identification of these active substances has proven to be much more challenging due to the evolving complexities of effluent matrices and the intricacies of the responses themselves. Residual lignin in final effluents remains a significant barrier to the isolation and identification of low molecular weight bioactive substances. The evolution of analytical techniques (e.g., from XAD resins to SPE cartridges) coupled with new approaches (e.g., studying in-mill waste streams and fish tissue burdens of active substances) have nevertheless provided insights into the sources and identities of mutagens and endocrine disruptors. Active chemicals have been identified primarily using GC–MS with recent limited applications of LC–MS. A high proportion of substances originating from wood feedstocks have been identified or implicated in the effects studied. Differences in the patterns of effects between North and South American mill effluents may be reflective of the different tree species utilized. Careful selection of the endpoint used to direct such investigations, its reproducibility, robustness and linkages to whole organism responses and regulatory applications are emphasized.

Paper production can be considered as an important factor for the development of one country. On the way of development, Vietnam has increased steadily in paper consumption; however, the paper production did not get to the same speed. One of the reasons remains in input material which composes of wood or other agricultural fiber sources and recovered paper. Statistical data on pulp and paper production have been taken into consideration. Reasons for the low in recycling rate have been analyzed.

In recent years, development of the global paper industry is quite fast, so the research on China paper industry is becoming much-needed. From the angle of Kearney’s industrial evolution theory, this paper analyzes indicators such as CR3 of the global paper industry and focuses on the development modes of 20 global paper firms, and determines the global paper industry is in the scale stage of Kearney’s theory and China paper industry needs to accelerate the pace of horizontal mergers and acquisitions to improve their market share.

Naturally abundant, biodegradable, and sustainable plant and wood fibres are composed of smaller and progressively mechanically stronger entities. These smaller structural load-bearing cellulosic fibrils, termed as micro- and nanocellulosic fibrils, can be separated by defibrillating the pulp fibres with either mechanical, chemical, enzymatic, and ultrasound sonication methods or a combination of these treatments. Engineered biopolymer, like cellulosic fibrils, and inorganic mineral composite structures have the potential to create new material properties and applications. This chapter deals with the production, characterisation, and application of cellulosic fibril-precipitated calcium carbonate structures in printing and writing paper. We enunciate a novel composite paper consisting of cellulosic fibrils and precipitated calcium carbonate as the backbone structure and reinforced with a minimal fraction of long fibres. However, recent research investigations show that cellulosic fibrils and their composites find wide application across different fields of manufacturing such as polymers and plastics, medicine, construction, and automotive industries.

21 páginas, 11 figuras, 5 tablas -- PAGS nros. 377-357, Pitch biocontrol was the first example where microbial biotechnology provided successful solutions to the pulp and paper sector. Triglycerides cause deposits in mechanical pulping, and both microbial and enzymatic products have been commercialized to be applied on wood and pulp, respectively. The former are based on colorless strains of sapstain fungi, and the latter are improved lipases. However, lipases are not useful when pitch originates from other lipids, such as steroids and terpenes, and the sapstain inocula are also only partially effective. In the search for stronger biocatalysts to degrade recalcitrant lipids, the potential of white-rot fungi and their enzymes has been demonstrated. When inocula of these fungi are used, wood treatment must be controlled to avoid cellulose degradation. However, the selectivity of the laccase-mediator system permits its integration as an additional bleaching stage providing a double benefit: pitch biocontrol and removal of residual lignin in chlorine-free pulp bleaching., This work was supported by the Spanish projects AGL2008-00709 and BIO2008-01533 and by the BIORENEW project of the European Union (contract NMP2-CT-2006-026456)

Sustainability is a multidimensional concept in continuous evolution. However, the suitability of using several indicators of a diverse nature to characterise and quantify this concept has been widely accepted. Within this orientation, in this work, the paper industry’s sustainability in a significant number of European countries has been analysed. To achieve this purpose, a set of economic, environmental and social indicators have been defined for the year 2004. With the help of a binary goal programming model, these indicators were aggregated into a synthetic index that measures the overall sustainability of the industry analysed. In this way, a “ranking” according to the sustainability of the paper industry in the European countries studied has been obtained.

Most African countries have limited health information systems infrastructure. Some health information system components are implemented but often on an adhoc, piecemeal basis, by foreign software developers and designed to solve specific problems. Little attention is usually paid to how these components can fit into an integrated national health information system and interoperate with other components. The Health Enterprise Architecture Laboratory was recently established in the School of Computer Science at the University of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa to undertake research and build capacity in open health architectures for developing African countries. Based on field experiences and requirements in South Africa, Mozambique and Rwanda, the laboratory is evolving a generic Health Enterprise Architecture Framework and Repository of Tools specifically for low resource settings. In this paper we describe these three initiatives and the expected impact on implementing health information systems in developing African countries.

The purpose of this study is to discover a design methodology for User Centered Design (UCD) Innovation. This paper focuses on paper prototype method for user evaluation and design. After proposing an approach to utilize paper prototype method, author proposed detail approach based on UCD process. In case study, author utilized this method for design education of design course on university. As a result, author received several innovative ideas from UCD view point.

Paper making was invented in China around 105 A.D. At that time, vegetable fibres served as the raw material. Later on, old cotton rags were the most common raw material, and they are still used for some special paper grades, e.g. note paper. Paper was made by hand until 1799, when the first continuous paper machine was invented.

Many design activities depend on communicative activities around collaboratively produced prototypes. A common communication practice in producing text documents is to add annotation in the form of comments. Previous research indicates that electronic paper-prototyping can be used to rapidly create simple prototypes of interactive systems, such as websites. Little is known, however, about how to provide and maintain variety of communication channels around such electronic paper-prototypes to enable end-users and other stakeholders to contribute to design dialogues. This paper presents Gabbeh, an electronic paper-prototyping tool, and reports on an evaluation using the tool in a simulated design exercise.

Bearing in mind the changeable and complicated needs of business environment, in this paper we examine the necessity of evolution in the traditional decision support techniques. Our aim is to intensify the need for integrated performance measurement and management, as a way to ameliorate the existing tools for decision making, which are currently based on historical data. Because of the nature of challenges and trends in the retail industry, it is considered to be an appropriate application scenario. In addition to that, a framework is proposed and a case study is described as a proof of our claim.

The future users of a system under development are not necessarily good at talking about the quality they require of that system if they cannot yet experience it. We therefore propose to support them by a simulation of the system under development thus allowing them to experience and validate system quality. Requirements are supposed to be expressed in a user-centered glossary-based semantic model.

Pitch problems in pulp mills are often caused by the resinous materials (pitch) in wood which comprise approximately 2–8% of total composition depending upon the species and time of year. Traditional methods to control pitch problems include natural seasoning of wood before pulping and/or adsorption and dispersion of the pitch particles with chemicals in the pulping and papermaking processes, accomplished by adding fine talc, dispersants and other kinds of chemicals. Within the last five years, two new and different methods of combatting pitch, both of which are biotechnological in basis, have been developed independently and are now used industrially. Hata and colleagues of Nippon Paper Industries developed a pitch control method using the enzyme lipase, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of triglycerides. Farrell and colleagues of Sandoz Chemicals Biotech (now known as Clariant) developed a method of pitch control and biocontrol using a fungus developed in the laboratory from the same type of organisms which cause natural aging, the Ascomycetes. This fungus is non-colored and prevents the staining and decrease of brightness normally associated with aged wood.

The successful integration and acceptance of many multi-agent systems into daily lives crucially depends on the ability to develop effective policies for adjustable autonomy. Adjustable autonomy encompasses the strategies by which an agent selects the appropriate entity (itself, a human user, or another agent) to make a decision at key moments when an action is required. We present two formulations that address this issue: user-based and agent-based autonomy. Furthermore, we discuss the current and future implications on systems composed of personal assistant agents, where autonomy issues are of vital interest.

SEKA Dalaman Pulp and Paper Plant which is located on the Aegean Sea coast, is the largest mill in Turkey with a pulping capacity of 100.000 tons/year. The mill mainly produces kraft pulp, and also linter cellulose. One of the most urgent problems faced in this plant, as the other pulp and paper plants in Turkey is that of decreasing the pollutionary load of the bleaching effluents. In all the countries producing bleached pulp, the environmental authorities are focusing on chlorinated organic compounds in the bleacheary effluents (Heimburger et al., 1988; Reeve et al., 1989). Many governments have already set regulatory limits to the amount of chlorinated organics, measured as adsorbable organic halogens (AOX) test (Hart et al., 1991). There is no limit set for AOX, in the Turkish Water Pollution Control Regulations published by the Ministry of Environment, yet. However; State Enterprise SEKA, which is the sole pulp producer in Turkey has initiated a research towards reducing AOX discharge levels in bleaching effluents.

Avenues for effective research using cellulose as a substrate for bioconversion that can lead to commercialization are discussed.

There are many properties of wood that are under genetic control, most of which are essentially independent except for those that are actually dependent on each other, like cell wall thickness and specific gravity. Most show a relatively strong inheritance pattern. A few are of importance in determining product quality, but others play only a minor role. Frequently, it is not the cell component itself that is of importance, but ratios, such as cell length to wall thickness or to lumen size, that are important.

In the United States, the use of wood materials in housing is extensive. Perhaps 90% of all single family housing is comprised of light frame wood construction. In that mode of usage, wood has provided low cost and durable housing with service life of 50 years or more. Use of heavy timber in construction has had considerable less presence in the market place, principally in low rise buildings. However, in the past decade extensive efforts have been made by U.S. researchers and industry to introduce modern technologies into timber bridge construction for highways. This interest has been generated by a prolonged national effort to rehabilitate or replace deteriorated bridges nationwide.

In this paper, we present a system that enables a user to work with a virtual 3D information space on and above a tabletop by combining head-coupled perspective interaction with a mobile paper projection. The mobile paper projection acts as a physical pinhole into the virtual 3D scene. The proposed system is expected to be used for architectural tasks. As it is a work-in-progress study, we describe about the current status of the system and issues to be investigated in our future work.

Recent studies in science and engineering education support that inductive learning activities encouraging active student involvement may improve students’ motivation, development of soft skills and academic performance, compared to traditional lectures. Until recently, several technology-enhanced learning environments have been proposed to facilitate such activities in classrooms. However, these commonly depend on dedicated hardware devices, such as clickers or tablet PCs. Contrastingly, smartphones are being massively adopted by society as these become increasingly powerful and inexpensive. Even so, the use of smartphones as learning tools in lecture halls has still not been widely adopted. In this paper we present CollPhoto, a paper-plus-smartphone environment that supports face-to-face problem solving activities in the classroom. CollPhoto provides the instructor with instant visibility of students’ work, and facilitates him/her conducting discussions, based on a selection of students’ responses. We report on the design and initial validation of CollPhoto in the context of two computer science courses.

In this world of digital and social media booms, a number of people spend their valuable times burying heads in smartphones, resulting in unintentional increased gaps in physical relationship with people nearby. A hybrid digital-physical medium is a possible solution for this problem by means of externalizing social media data and integrating them into a physical medium somehow. In this way, using social media will simultaneously connect us with both virtual and physical worlds.

With dramatic increasing of scientific research papers, scientific paper mining systems have become more popular for efficient paper retrieval and analysis. However, existing keyword based search engines, language or topic model based mining systems cannot provide customized queries according to various user requirements. Hence, in this paper, we are motivated to propose a novel TAIL (Time-Author-Institute-Literature) model to capture the relationships among literature, authors, institutes and time stamps. Based on the TAIL model, we implement the Massive Scientific Paper Mining (MSPM) system and set up a B/S (Browser/Server) structure for web services. The evaluation results on large real data show that our MSPM system could deliver desirable mining results, providing valuable data supports for scientific research cooperations.

Serie : "Lecture notes in business information processing", ISSN 1865-1348, vol. 143, Digital public displays have an enormous potential as a collaborative technology to socialize in public venues, especially when they are open to the participation of visitors. However, user-generated content is a form of control sharing that requires safeguards against the publication of content deemed inap-propriate. In this work, we study the perceptions of Café owners in regard to their acceptance of user-generated content displayed on their venue screens. Our goal is to inform the design of new media sharing services for public dis-plays by uncovering how existing practices with paper leaflets could be lever-aged as a conceptual framework for dealing with content appropriateness. Based on interviews with 10 café owners, we identify important insights into some of practices surrounding the distribution of paper leaflets and their impli-cations for the design of media sharing services for public displays.

E-health requires the sharing of patient-related data when and where necessary. Electronic health records (EHR) allow the structured and expandable collection of medical data needed for clinical research studies and thereby not only enable the optimization of clinical studies, but also results in higher statistical significance due to a larger number of samples. While the digitization of medical data and the organization of this data within EHRs have been introduced in some areas, massive amounts of paper-based health records are still produced on a daily basis. This data has to be stored for decades due to legal reasons but is of no benefit for research organizations, as the unstructured medical data in paper-based health records cannot be efficiently used for clinical studies. Furthermore, legal regulations prohibit the use of documents containing both personal and medical data for clinical studies, which leads to expensive data acquisition phases and limited samples. This paper presents the MEDSEC system for the recognition and pseudonymization of personal data in paper-based health records. MEDSEC integrates unique methods for (i) automatically identifying personal and medical data, (ii) automatically annotating the optical character recognition (OCR) output data of paper-based health records with standard-compliant metadata, and (iii) automatically pseudonymizing the personal data. With MEDSEC, health care organizations profit by (i) strengthening clinical research resulting in faster and more reliable results and reduced costs, and (ii) providing an environment of trust for its patients and employees that guarantees privacy.

Test Paper Management System has been developed with Java and SQL Server 2000. The system contains Curriculum management module, test questions management module, test paper management module, examination management module, and data maintenance module.

Experiential marketing is a comparatively new concept utilized more frequently in recent several years. Electronic Paper Book (EPB) is a brand new product appeared during the recent one or two years. The market of EPB is mainly composed of the youth, which is more adaptive to experiential marketing. Joint of EPB and experiential marketing is an applicable model in marketing practices. In this paper, experiential marketing strategies are proposed to EPB. Five aspects of experiences are suggested to EPB manufacturing and marketing companies to implement their experiential marketing strategies: facility experience; product experience; service experience; interaction experience; promise experience. Another three aspects of experiences are put forward specifically to EPB: process experience; comparison experience; integration experience.

For the existing problems in which the link of traditional manual generating paper in the education system, based on J2EE technology, an open, multi-level intelligent automatic generating papers function was designed and implemented, by improving the algorithms of commonly used automatic generating paper. A breakthrough in the aspect of the design structure’ randomness of computer generating papers was produced, and the problem of lacking the intelligent generating paper in the traditional manual generating paper methods was solved. This not only providing a great convenience for teachers, but also achieving information management between item pool and papers and the sharing of teaching resources. As a part and parcel of the process of the education informatization, it accelerated the pace marching towards information education.

During a two-day objective structured clinical examination (OSCE), we compared two types of checklists for student performance ratings: paper & pencil vs. digital checklists on iPads. Several subjective and objective measures from 10 examiners were collected and computed. Data showed that digital checklists were perceived as significantly more usable and less exertive and were also preferred in overall ratings. Assessments completed with digital checklists were found to have no missing items while assessments completed with paper checklists contained more than 8 blank items on average. Finally, checklist type did not influence assessment scores even though when using digital checklists more item-choice changes were produced.

By using method of mathematical static and literature, we carry out stratified statistic, generalization and analysis of the scientific papers about Taekwondo in Core Chinese Journals (CCJ) during 2000-2010 according to five dimensions, including published time, the application of research methods, research fields, professional title and organization of authors, and language of citation. The result shows that not many scientific papers about Taekwondo have published in CCJ of these 11 years; research methods have been used widely, but the specific research method is rather single; contents of research are very wide; the authors are mainly lecturers and the organizations are mainly based on independent sports colleges; the major language of citation is Chinese and foreign languages are very few, especially Korean – there is no citation in Korean.

Hyogo Prefecture has many irrigation ponds. Sediment in the ponds is removed during agricultural offseason. Because pond sediment has high water content, it is usually stabilized with stabilizers such as cement and lime. Stabilized soil has brittle shear behavior therefore it is quite different from natural soils. The fiber reinforced soil was able to improve the mechanical properties of soft soil. To improve brittle shear behavior of stabilized soils, the authors carried out a series of mixing test of soft clays with cement and shredded paper as a fiber. And unconfined compression tests of cement stabilized clays mixed with shredded paper were performed. As the result, by mixing with shredded paper, the unconfined compression strength of cement stabilized clays increases and the shear deformation behavior is improved.

This article demonstrates how inkjet-printing of antennas/matching networks on low-cost paper-based materials can tackle all four challenges enabling the easy implementation of ubiquitous RFID and WSN networks by reviewing major milestones achieved in this area by this research group. It starts by discussing why paper should be used as a substrate for UHF/wireless inlays, followed by the dielectric characterization of paper using a microstrip ring resonator method. This paper then shows show how we can use conductive inkjet-printing technology for the fast fabrication of RF/wireless circuits, provides a design guideline for an inkjet-printed broadband antenna for UHF RFID tags which can be used globally, and eventually shows the capability of integrating sensors with RFID tags stressing how this functionality could revolutionize data fusion and real-time environmental cognition.

Reliability, availability and maintainability (RAM) analysis gives some idea to carryout design modifications, if any, required to achieve high performance of the complex industrial systems. In the present study two important tools namely Lambda-Tau methodology and genetic algorithms are used to build the hybridized technique GABLT (Genetic Algorithms based Lambda-Tau) for RAM analysis of these systems. Expressions of reliability, availability and maintainability for the system are obtained by using Lambda-Tau methodology and genetic algorithm is used to construct the membership function. A general RAM index is used for further analysis. Fault tree is used to model the system. The proposed approach has been applied to the press unit of the paper plant situated in north India producing 200 tons of paper per day. The computed results are presented to plant personnel for their active consideration. The results will be very helpful for plant personnel for analyzing the system behavior and to improve the system performance by adopting suitable maintenance strategies.

Efficient and effective communication between mobile units and the central emergency operation center is a key factor to respond successfully to the challenges of emergency management. Nowadays, the only ubiquitously available modality is a voice channel through mobile phones or radio transceivers. This makes it often very difficult to convey exact geographic locations and can lead to misconceptions with severe consequences, such as a fire brigade heading to the right street address in the wrong city. In this paper we describe a handheld augmented reality approach to support the communication of spatial information in a crisis response scenario. The approach combines mobile camera devices with paper maps to ensure a quick and reliable exchange of spatial information.

Dealing with change is a major concern in enterprise architecture. As organizations face increasingly fast-moving environments, systematic frameworks are needed to manage change at many levels. Recent advances in data analytics and business intelligence enable organizations to gain deep insights quickly and recognize needs for change, and to take actions in response. Current enterprise architecture approaches have limited ability to model and reason about the adaptiveness that is available or desirable in various parts of an enterprise. In this vision paper, we attempt a preliminary characterization of an adaptive enterprise, so as to stimulate debate and research towards EA frameworks that explicitly support adaptiveness as a design goal. Initial ideas to adopt and integrate modeling constructs from system dynamics and goal-oriented and agent-oriented requirements engineering are outlined.

The development of SNS provides a new platform and application prospect for the realization of Personalized Recommendation System. It is becoming a fire new research hot spot in social science and e-commence about how to apply community discovery algorithm (CDA) to find community structures in large network and to effectively conduct personalized recommendation. In terms of our recent research, we applied PSO based CDA as principle to divide social communities and based on this to conduct personalized recommendation in a scientific paper management system. The system’s running results proved that by applying PSO based CDA, the accuracy of PR and the popularity of the platform had been both improved greatly.